



@article {2271,
	title = {Assessment of Disagreement: A New Information-Based Approach},
	journal = {Annals of EpidemiologyAnn. Epidemiol.},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: ANNPEdoi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.02.011Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Costa-Santos, C.; Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hern{\^a}ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; email: csantos@med.up.ptReferences: Bland, M., (2000) An introduction to medical statistics, , Oxford University Press, Oxford;Costa Santos, C., Costa Pereira, A., Bernardes, J., Agreement studies in obstetrics and gynecology: inappropriateness, controversies and consequences (2005) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 112, pp. 667-669; 
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},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {554 - 561},
	abstract = {Purpose: Disagreement on the interpretation of diagnostic tests and clinical decisions remains an important problem in medicine. As no strategy to assess agreement seems to be fail-safe to compare the degree of agreement, or disagreement, we propose a new information-based approach to assess disagreement. Methods: The sum over all logarithms of possible outcomes of a variable is a valid measure of the amount of information contained in the variable. The proposed measure is based on the amount of information contained in the differences between two observations. This measure is normalized and satisfies the flowing properties: it is a metric, scaled invariant and it has differential weighting. Results: Two real examples and a simulation were used to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed measure to compare the degree of disagreement. Conclusions: Used as complement to the existing methods, we believe our approach can be useful to compare the degree of disagreement among different populations. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Inc.},
	keywords = {analysis of variance, Apgar score, article, Blood Pressure Determination, blood pressure measurement, correlation coefficient, human, Humans, information science, Information Theory, intermethod comparison, mathematical computing, measurement error, medical research, metric system, Models, Statistical, observer variation, priority journal, probability, process model, reliability, Reproducibility of Results, scale up, standard, Statistical analysis, statistical model, statistics, Statistics as Topic, systolic blood pressure, validity, variance},
	isbn = {10472797 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77953667921\&partnerID=40\&md5=2c69deee8cc7bb3a02019dfa464095a1},
	author = {Costa-Santos, C. and Antunes, L. and Souto, A. and Bernardes, J.}
}
