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	title = {Evaluation of the effect of the degree of acetylation on the inflammatory response to 3D porous chitosan scaffolds},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part AJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2010},
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},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {20 - 28},
	abstract = {The effect of the degree of acetylation (DA) of 3D chitosan (Ch) scaffolds on the inflammatory reaction was investigated. Chitosan porous scaffolds with DAs of 4 and 15\% were implanted using a subcutaneous air-pouch model of inflammation. The initial acute inflammatory response was evaluated 24 and 48 h after implantation. To characterize the initial response, the recruitment and adhesion of inflammatory cells to the implant site was studied. The fibrous capsule formation and the infiltration of inflammatory cells within the scaffolds were evaluated for longer implantation times (2 and 4 weeks). Chitosan with DA 15\% attracted the highest number of leukocytes to the implant site. High numbers of adherent inflammatory cells were also observed in this material. For longer implantation periods Ch scaffolds with a DA of 15\% induced the formation of a thick fibrous capsule and a high infiltration of inflammatory cells within the scaffold. Our results indicate that the biological response to implanted Ch scaffolds was influenced by the DA. Chitosan with a DA of 15\% induce a more intense inflammatory response when compared with DA 4\% Ch. Because inflammation and healing are interrelated, this result may provide clues for the relative importance of acetyl and amine functional groups in tissue repair and regeneration. {\textcopyright} 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {acetic acid derivative, Acetylation, Acute inflammatory response, amine, Amine functional groups, animal cell, animal experiment, animal tissue, Animals, article, Biological materials, Biological response, Biomaterials, cell adhesion, cell infiltration, Chitin, chitosan, Chitosan scaffold, Degree of acetylation, Fibrous capsule, Fibrous capsule formation, freeze drying, Functional groups, Hydrogels, implant, implantation, Implantation periods, Implants, Experimental, Inflammation, Inflammatory cells, Inflammatory reaction, Inflammatory response, leukocyte count, Leukocytes, male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, mouse, nonhuman, Pathology, porosity, Porous scaffold, Prosthesis Implantation, Relative importance, Scaffolds, Subcutaneous Tissue, Surface Properties, Three dimensional, Tissue regeneration, tissue repair, Tissue response, Tissue responses, Tissue Scaffolds},
	isbn = {15493296 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77649219383\&partnerID=40\&md5=58781af29b82f3108ded649c4776e428},
	author = {Barbosa, J.N. and Amaral, I.F. and {\'A}guas, A.P. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
