



@conference {2435,
	title = {Characterization of fetal heart rate using approximate entropy},
	booktitle = {Computers in CardiologyComput Cardiol},
	series = {Computers in Cardiology, 2005},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Conference code: 69149Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusArt. No.: 1588190CODEN: COCADdoi: 10.1109/CIC.2005.1588190Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Marques de S{\'a}, J.P.; Faculdade de Engenharia, DEEC, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: jmsa@fe.up.ptReferences: Felgueiras, C., Marques de, S.J., Bernardes, J., Gama, S., Classification of Foetal Heart Rate Sequences Based on Fractal Features (1998) Medical \& Biological Engineering \& Computing, 2, pp. 197-201;Pincus, S., Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 88, pp. 2297-2301; 
Pincus, S.M., Viscarello, R.R., Approximate entropy: A regularity measure for fetal heart rate (1992) Obstet. Gynecol, 2, pp. 249-255; 
Pincus, S., Approximate Entropy (ApEn) as a Complexity Measure (1995) Chaos, 5, pp. 110-117; 
Pincus, S., Randomness and degrees of irregularity (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 93, pp. 2083-2088; 
Pincus, S., Kalman, R.E., Not all (possibly) "random" sequences are created equal (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 94, pp. 3513-3518; 
Fleisher, L.A., Dipietro, J.A., Johnson, T.R., Pincus, S., Complementary and non-coincident increases in heart rate variability and irregularity during fetal development (1997) Clin. Sci, 4, pp. 345-349; 
van Leeuwen, P., Lange, S., Betterman, H., Gronemeyer, D., Hatzmann, W., Fetal heart rate variability and complexity in the course of pregnancy (1999) Early Human Develop, 54, pp. 259-269; 
Pincus, S., Assessing Serial Irregularity and its Implications for Health (2001) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 954, pp. 245-267; 
Cysarz, D., Betterman, H., van Leeuwen, P., Entropies of short binary sequences in heart period dynamics (2000) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 6, pp. 2163-2172; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Garrido, A., Marques-de-S{\'a}, J., Pereira-Leite, L., SisPorto 2.0 - A Program for Automated Analysis of Cardiotocograms (2000) J Matern Fetal Med, 9, pp. 311-318
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {671 - 673},
	address = {Lyon},
	abstract = {Approximate entropy (ApEn) is an interesting measure for assessing the irregularity of time series and in particular for characterizing heart rate variability. In the present paper we apply ApEn to the characterization of three patterns of fetal heart rate (FHR): calm sleep; calm vigilance; pathological flat-sinusoidal condition. We conclude that ApEn can perfectly discriminate the pathological FS pattern from the normal A and C patterns and is far better for FHR pattern discrimination than classic time-domain variability indexes used in clinical practice. {\textcopyright} 2005 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Approximate entropy (ApEn), Cardiology, Fetal heart rate, Fetal monitoring, Heart rate variability, Pathology, Sleep research, Time domain analysis},
	isbn = {02766574 (ISSN); 0780393376 (ISBN); 9780780393370 (ISBN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847143708\&partnerID=40\&md5=9c0b28217d5f8a40e2e1741bba8c4561},
	author = {Marques De S{\'a}, J.P.}
}
