



@article {2557,
	title = {Crystallization and microstructure analysis of calcium phosphate-based glass ceramics for biomedical applications},
	journal = {Journal of Non-Crystalline SolidsJ Non Cryst Solids},
	volume = {272},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 42Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JNCSBdoi: 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00115-0Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Zhang, Yong; Inst de Engenharia Biomedica, Porto, PortugalReferences: Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Kotani, S., Kokubo, T., Takeuchi, H., (1993) Biomaterials, 14, p. 216;Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Oka, M., (1995) Biomaterials, 16, p. 1101; 
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},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {14 - 21},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.},
	abstract = {Calcium phosphate glasses and glass ceramics (CaO/P                        2O
                        5 = 1.25 in molar ratio) modified by small amounts of additives such as Na
                        2O, MgO, TiO
                        2 and ZrO
                        2 were prepared after appropriate heat treatment for nucleation and crystallization. Based upon differential thermal analysis (DTA) results, a two-step heat treatment was used for crystal nucleation and growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that bioresorbable β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O
                        7 (β-DCP), β-Na
                        2CaP
                        2O
                        7, Na
                        2Mg(PO
                        3)
                        4 phases were formed in the glass matrix depending upon the relative contents of the additives. By adding higher contents of Na
                        2O and TiO
                        2 and using CaO/P
                        2O
                        5 = 1.5-2.0, crystallization of β-DCP and Ca
                        3(PO
                        4)
                        2 (β-TCP), and the formation of a dense structure in the glass ceramics were obtained. The precipitation of these crystals could be well distinguished at a magnification of 4000{\texttimes} and phases were dispersed in areas of micron size. A porous structure may be easily formed after the soluble phases are dissolved in physiological media. These glass ceramics with high CaO/P
                        2O
                        5 ratio, modified by the above mentioned additives are expected to find use as implants for bone replacement/regeneration and drug delivery carriers synergistically, because the soluble phases may act as drug delivery carriers and the porous structure will allow for bone ingrowth.
},
	keywords = {Additives, Biomaterials, Calcium Compounds, calcium phosphate, Ceramic materials, Crystal microstructure, Crystallization, Differential thermal analysis, glass, Glass ceramics, Nucleation, Phosphates, Porous materials, Precipitation (chemical), Sodium dioxide, X ray crystallography},
	isbn = {00223093 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033706457\&partnerID=40\&md5=5fc6504dbcb6390e2909c05594ba9110},
	author = {Zhang, Y. and Santos, J.D.}
}
