



@article {3299,
	title = {Actively targeted cetuximab conjugated γ-poly(glutamic acid)-docetaxel nanomedicines for epidermal growth factor receptor over expressing colon cancer cells},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {1416 - 1428},
	abstract = {Receptor targeted therapy is advantageous in overcoming the toxicity burden of conventional cancer chemotherapeutics. Over expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cancer cells and its role in metastasis, malignancy and drug resistance in many human cancers lead to its selection as a promising target for cancer treatment. The present work investigated the preparation and characterization of docetaxel (DTXL) loaded γ-poly (glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) nanoparticles (Nps) conjugated with EGFR antibody (Cetuximab, CET) targeted to colon cancer cells (HT-29), highly over expressing EGFR. The flow cytometric analysis revealed two fold increased cellular uptake of CET-DTXL-γ-PGA Nps by HT-29 (EGFR +ve) cells compared to that of IEC-6 (EGFR-ve) cells confirming the active targeting. Cytotoxicity assays (MTT and LDH) showed superior anti-proliferative activity of CET-DTXL-γ-PGA NPs over DTXL-γ-PGA Nps against HT-29 cells. The cell cycle analysis indicated that CET-DTXL-γ-PGA NPs induced cell death in enhanced percentage of HT-29 cells by undergoing cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase compared to that of DTXL-γ-PGA Nps. The mechanism of cancer cell death was analyzed via apoptotic and mitochondrial membrane potential assays and showed that targeted Nps treatment reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential thereby inducing enhanced HT-29 cell death (apoptosis and necrosis). The biodistribution of targeted and non-targeted Nps were analyzed in vivo in Swiss albino mice using NIR imaging. ICG-CET-DTXL-γ-PGA Nps (targeted) and ICG-DTXL-γ-PGA Nps (non-targeted) followed the similar biodistribution pattern in vivo, but with different elimination time. In short, CET-DTXL-γ-PGA nanoparticles enhance the tumor selective therapeutic efficacy for colon cancer. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2014 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Cetuximab, colon cancer, Docetaxel, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles, Targeted nanomedicines},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84899683740\&partnerID=40\&md5=39d65057952b3e192590262631867971},
	author = {Maya, S. and Sarmento, B. and Lakshmanan, V.-K. and Menon, D. and Jayakumar, R.}
}
@article {3300,
	title = {Chitosan cross-linked docetaxel loaded EGF receptor targeted nanoparticles for lung cancer cells},
	journal = {International Journal of Biological Macromolecules},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {532 - 541},
	abstract = {Lung cancer, associated with the up-regulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) led to the development of EGFR targeted anticancer therapeutics. The biopolymeric nanoparticles form an outstanding system for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. The present work evaluated the in vitro effects of chitosan cross-linked γ-poly(glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) nanoparticles (Nps) loaded with docetaxel (DTXL) and decorated with Cetuximab (CET), targeted to EGFR over-expressing non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) cells (A549). CET-DTXL-γ-PGA Nps was prepared by ionic gelation and CET conjugation via EDC/NHS chemistry. EGFR specificity of targeted Nps was confirmed by the higher uptake rates of EGFR +ve A549 cells compared to that of EGFR -ve cells (NIH3T3). The cytotoxicity of Nps quantified using cell based (MTT/LDH) and flowcytometry (Cell-cycle analysis, Annexin V/PI and JC-1) assays showed superior antiproliferative activity of CET-DTXL-γ-PGA Nps over DTXL-γ-PGA Nps. The A549 cells treated with CET-DTXL-γ-PGA NPs underwent a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest followed by reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential of A549 cells, inducing apoptosis and necrosis resulting in enhanced cancer cell death. CET-DTXL-γ-PGA Nps exhibited enhanced cellular internalization and therapeutic activity, by actively targeting EGFR on NSCLC cells and hence could be an effective alternative to non-specific, conventional chemotherapy by increasing its efficiency by many folds. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Cetuximab, chitosan, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles, Targeted nanoparticles},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84903523289\&partnerID=40\&md5=728cbd3502e7922319f5f88fa8d6ec6d},
	author = {Maya, S. and Sarmento, B. and Lakshmanan, V.-K. and Menon, D. and Seabra, V. and Jayakumar, R.}
}
@article {3290,
	title = {In vitro analysis of the antibacterial effect of nanohydroxyapatite-ZnO composites},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A},
	volume = {102},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {3726 - 3733},
	abstract = {Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biocompatible and bioactive synthetic material for biomedical applications as it binds to bone and enhances bone tissue formation. Particularly, nanophased HA can mimic the dimensions of constituent components of natural tissues; can modulate enhanced osteoblast adhesion and resorption with long-term functionality of tissue engineered implants. However, HA does not inhibit bacteria from adhering onto its surface, and this has implications in the bone healing process required for patient recovery, since infection can lead to the implant failure. In the present work a composite that combines the favorable biological characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) and, simultaneously, possesses antimicrobial activity as expressed by ZnO was synthesized. To determine whether the size of ZnO particles was playing an important role in inhibiting bacterial growth, ZnO particle of different sizes (from the microscale down to the nanoscale) and concentration were incorporated into nanoHA and tested. The composite samples were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, XPS and zeta potential. The antibacterial activity of the composites was investigated, as well as the biofilm formation, using both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) microorganisms. The characterization revealed that ZnO particles were dispersed homogeneously within the nanoHA matrix. The composites antibacterial activity increased with decreasing ZnO particle size and increasing concentration. Biofilm formation tests revealed that the nanoHA-ZnO composites exhibit a strong effect against the common pathogens S. aureus and E. coli. {\textcopyright} 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3726-3733, 2014. {\textcopyright} 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {Antibacterial, biofilm, Composite, Nanohydroxyapatite, zinc oxide},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906789309\&partnerID=40\&md5=1f841e9eed15abe9adeb1a140e97a20a},
	author = {Grenho, L. and Jorge Monteiro, F. and Pia Ferraz, M.}
}
@article {3413,
	title = {Microfluidics co-culture systems for studying tooth innervation},
	journal = {Frontiers in Physiology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Lamghari, Meriem/K-2159-2013
Lamghari, Meriem/0000-0002-2500-4548
},
	month = {2014},
	isbn = {1664-042X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000347083900001},
	author = {Pagella, Pierfrancesco and Neto, Estrela and Jimenez-Rojo, Lucia and Lamghari, Meriem and Mitsiadis, Thimios A.}
}
@article {3306,
	title = {Sensory neurons and osteoblasts: Close partners in a microfluidic platform},
	journal = {Integrative Biology (United Kingdom)},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {586 - 595},
	abstract = {Innervation has proven to be critical in bone homeostasis/regeneration due to the effect of soluble factors, produced by nerve fibers, associated with changes in the activity of bone cells. Thus, in this study, we have established and characterized a coculture system comprising sensory neurons and osteoblasts to mimic the in vivo scenario where nerve fibers can be found in a bone microenvironment. Embryonic or adult primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were cocultured in compartmentalized microfluidic platforms and morphological and functional tests were performed. The time of adhesion and readout of axonal outgrowth were improved by the alignment of DRG with the axis of microgrooves, which showed to be a crucial step for the designed experiments. Cocultures of entire DRG from adult origin with osteoblasts were performed, showing extended DRG projections towards the axonal compartment, reaching osteoblastic cells. Immunocytochemistry showed that the neurites present within the osteoblastic compartment were immunoreactive to synapsin and calcitonin gene-related peptide suggesting the presence of specialized structures involved in this crosstalk. This evidence was further confirmed by electron microscopy where varicosities were detected as well as electron dense structures in neurite membranes. Aiming to mimic the properties of tissue extracellular matrices, MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded in the axonal side upon laminin, collagen or within 3D functionalized alginate matrices and axonal outgrowth was clearly observed. In order to analyze and quantify data with reproducible image analysis, a semi-automated algorithm was also developed. The collagen and laminin substrates displayed a higher amount of axons reaching the axonal side. Overall, the established method revealed to be a suitable tool to study the interaction between the peripheral nervous system and bone cells in different contexts mimicking the in vivo scenario. {\textcopyright} 2014 the Partner Organisations 2014.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901624359\&partnerID=40\&md5=0ca57755478aaa339ef3b3cc61479fc3},
	author = {Neto, E. and Alves, C.J. and Sousa, D.M. and Alencastre, I.S. and Louren{\c c}o, A.H. and Leit{\~a}o, L. and Ryu, H.R. and Jeon, N.L. and Fernandes, R. and Aguiar, P. and Almeida, R.D. and Lamghari, M.}
}
@article {2869,
	title = {Cetuximab conjugated O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for targeting EGFR overexpressing cancer cells},
	journal = {Carbohydrate Polymers},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {661 - 669},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874136100\&partnerID=40\&md5=71075b389cbeb450f68caf7cbb271c08},
	author = {Maya, S. and Kumar, L.G. and Sarmento, B. and Sanoj Rejinold, N. and Menon, D. and Nair, S.V. and Jayakumar, R.}
}
@article {2878,
	title = {Development of bis-locked nucleic acid (bisLNA) oligonucleotides for efficient invasion of supercoiled duplex DNA},
	journal = {Nucleic Acids Research},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {3257 - 3273},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84876401355\&partnerID=40\&md5=96078ee73fe175f8f962db91c20a8724},
	author = {Moreno, P.M.D. and Geny, S. and Pabon, Y.V. and Bergquist, H. and Zaghloul, E.M. and Rocha, C.S.J. and Oprea, I.I. and Bestas, B. and Andaloussi, S.E. and J{\o}rgensen, P.T. and Pedersen, E.B. and Lundin, K.E. and Zain, R. and Wengel, J. and Smith, C.I.E.}
}
@article {2876,
	title = {Enzymatic, physicochemical and biological properties of MMP-sensitive alginate hydrogels},
	journal = {Soft Matter},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {3283 - 3292},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874428389\&partnerID=40\&md5=39d83a72fc608cc7f1c875e612421ff5},
	author = {Fonseca, K.B. and Maia, F.R. and Cruz, F.A. and Andrade, D. and Juliano, M.A. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {2889,
	title = {Loss of WNK2 expression by promoter gene methylation occurs in adult gliomas and triggers Rac1-mediated tumour cell invasiveness},
	journal = {Human Molecular Genetics},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: ScopusArt. No.: dds405},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {84 - 95},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871200220\&partnerID=40\&md5=b2bfd70fb2a8a4e517e4ad698a2461cc},
	author = {Moniz, S. and Martinho, O. and Pinto, F. and Sousa, B. and Loureiro, C. and Oliveira, M.J. and Moita, L.F. and Honavar, M. and Pinheiro, C. and Pires, M. and Lopes, J.M. and Jones, C. and Costello, J.F. and Paredes, J. and Reis, R.M. and Jordan, P.}
}
@article {2241,
	title = {The Arabidopsis D-Type Cyclin CYCD2;1 and the Inhibitor ICK2/KRP2 Modulate Auxin-Induced Lateral Root Formation},
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	volume = {23},
	year = {2011},
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Menges, M., Samland, A.K., Planchais, S., Murray, J.A.H., The D-type cyclin CYCD3;1 is limiting for the G1-to-S-phase transition in Arabidopsis (2006) Plant Cell, 18, pp. 893-906; 
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Nieuwland, J., Maughan, S., Dewitte, W., Scofield, S., Sanz, L., Murray, J.A.H., The D-type cyclin CYCD4;1 modulates lateral root density in Arabidopsis by affecting the basal meristem region (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, pp. 22528-22533; 
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},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {641 - 660},
	abstract = {The integration of cell division in root growth and development requires mediation of developmental and physiological signals through regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Cells within the pericycle form de novo lateral root meristems, and D-type cyclins (CYCD), as regulators of the G                        1-to-S phase cell cycle transition, are anticipated to play a role. Here, we show that the D-type cyclin protein CYCD2;1 is nuclear in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells, with the highest concentration in apical and lateral meristems. Loss of CYCD2;1 has a marginal effect on unstimulated lateral root density, but CYCD2;1 is rate-limiting for the response to low levels of exogenous auxin. However, while CYCD2;1 expression requires sucrose, it does not respond to auxin. The protein Inhibitor-Interactor of CDK/Kip Related Protein2 (ICK2/KRP2), which interacts with CYCD2;1, inhibits lateral root formation, and ick2/krp2 mutants show increased lateral root density. ICK2/ KRP2 can modulate the nuclear levels of CYCD2;1, and since auxin reduces ICK2/KRP2 protein levels, it affects both activity and cellular distribution of CYCD2;1. Hence, as ICK2/KRP2 levels decrease, the increase in lateral root density depends on CYCD2;1, irrespective of ICK2/CYCD2;1 nuclear localization. We propose that ICK2/KRP2 restrains root ramification by maintaining CYCD2;1 inactive and that this modulates pericycle responses to auxin fluctuations. {\textcopyright} 2011 American Society of Plant Biologists.
},
	keywords = {Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis protein, Arabidopsis Proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana, article, ATP dependent 26S protease, cell cycle, cell cycle protein, Cell Cycle Proteins, cell nucleus, CycD2 protein, Arabidopsis, cycline, Cyclins, gene expression regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, genetics, growth, development and aging, ICK2 protein, Arabidopsis, indoleacetic acid derivative, Indoleacetic Acids, metabolism, mutation, plant root, Plant roots, proteasome, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex},
	isbn = {10404651 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79953123085\&partnerID=40\&md5=f1355f64db2bcf9f2d881104f23005eb},
	author = {Sanz, L. and Dewitte, W. and Forzani, C. and Patell, F. and Nieuwland, J. and Wen, B. and Quelhas, P. and de Jager, S. and Titmus, C. and Campilho, A. and Ren, H. and Estelle, M. and Wang, H. and Murray, J.A.H.}
}
@article {2277,
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},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {E168 - E176},
	abstract = {The use of biological materials in the construction of bioprostheses requires the application of different chemical procedures to improve the durability of the material without producing any undesirable effects. A number of crosslinking methods have been tested in biological tissues composed mainly of collagen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility, the mechanical properties, and in vivo calcification of chemically modified bovine pericardium using glutaraldehyde acetals (GAAs) in comparison with glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment. Homsy{\textquoteright}s tests showed that the most cytotoxic treatment is GA whereas GAA treatments showed lower cytotoxicity. Regarding the mechanical properties of the modified materials, no significant differences in stress at rupture were detected among the different treatments. Zeta-Potential showed higher negative values for GA treatment (-4.9 {\textpm} 0.6 mV) compared with GAA-0.625\% (-2.2 {\textpm} 0.5 mV) and GAA-1\% (-2.2 {\textpm} 0.4 mV), which presented values similar to native tissue. Similar results were obtained for calcium permeability coefficients which showed the highest values for GA treatment (0.12 {\textpm} 0.02 mm                        2/min), being significantly lower for GAA treatments or non-crosslinked pericardium. These results confirmed the higher propensity of the GA-treated tissues for attraction of calcium cations and were in good agreement with the calcification degree obtained after 60 days implantation into young rats, which was significantly higher for the GA group (22.70 {\textpm} 20.80 mg/g dry tissue) compared with GAA-0.625\% and GAA-1\% groups (0.49 {\textpm} 0.28 mg/g dry tissue and 3.51 {\textpm} 3.27 mg/g dry tissue, respectively; P \&lt; 0.001). In conclusion, GAA treatments can be considered a promising alternative to GA treatment. {\textcopyright} 2010, International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
},
	keywords = {acetal derivative, animal cell, animal experiment, animal tissue, Animals, article, Biocompatibility, Bioprostheses, Bioprosthesis, Bovinae, Calcification, Calcification, Physiologic, Calcium, cation, Cattle, Chemical modification, controlled study, Cross-Linking Reagents, Crosslinking, Cytotoxicity, Glutaral, glutaraldehyde, heart valve bioprosthesis, Heart, Artificial, in vitro study, materials testing, mechanical stress, nonhuman, pericardium, permeability, priority journal, rat, Rats, Rattus, Subcutaneous implantation, Tissue engineering, Zeta potential},
	isbn = {0160564X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77952172654\&partnerID=40\&md5=bfd9eacf640d519719f005083ad7a1ae},
	author = {Jorge-Herrero, E. and Fonseca, C. and Barge, A.P. and Turnay, J. and Olmo, N. and Fern{\'a}ndez, P. and Lizarbe, M.A. and Garc{\'\i}a P{\'a}ez, J.M.}
}
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},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {728 - 739},
	abstract = {Grafting of phosphate groups has been investigated as a means to render biomedical polymers able to induce the formation of an apatite layer. In the present investigation, regenerated cellulose hydrogels were surface modified by phosphorylation using a previously reported method. The in vitro biocompatibility of materials with varying phosphate contents was evaluated in cultured human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC), in terms of cytotoxicity, cell attachment, proliferation and immunohistochemistry. Negatively charged cellulose phosphates were neutralized in the form of the calcium salt before contact with cells. Cellulose phosphates were not cytotoxic, independently of the phosphate content. Unmodified regenerated cellulose hydrogels showed good rates of HBMSC attachment and proliferation. On the contrary, negatively charged, highly hydrophilic, phosphorylated surfaces showed poor HBMSC attachment and proliferation, as well as poor alkaline phosphatase-specific activity and expression of osteocalcin and type I collagen. Differences found are discussed in terms of surface chemical functionality, hydrophilicity and charge. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Biocompatibility, Biomaterials, Cell attachment, Cell culture, Cellulose, Cellulose derivatives, Cellulose phosphates, Cytotoxicity, Grafting (chemical), Human bone marrow stromal cells, Hydrogels, hydrophilicity, immunohistochemistry, In vitro, Phosphorylation, Proliferation, Regenerated cellulose hydrogels, toxicity},
	isbn = {13815148 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745266092\&partnerID=40\&md5=52325c348b6bd4139bbfb3dbc0419bd8},
	author = {Granja, P.L. and J{\'e}so, B.D. and Bareille, R. and Rouais, F. and Baquey, C. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@conference {2446,
	title = {Spectral methods in image segmentation: A combined approach},
	booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceLect. Notes Comput. Sci.},
	series = {Second Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, IbPRIA 2005},
	volume = {3523},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Conference code: 65649Cited By (since 1996): 1Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusLanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Monteiro, F.C.; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Campus de Santa Apol{\'o}nia, Apartado 134, 5301-857 Bragan{\c c}a, Portugal; email: monteiro@ipb.ptReferences: Fowlkes, C., Belongie, S., Chung, F., Malik, J., Spectral grouping using nystr{\"o}m method (2004) Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 26 (2), pp. 214-225;Malik, J., Belongie, S., Leung, T., Shi, T., Contour and texture analysis for image segmentation (2001) International Journal of Computer Vision, 43 (1), pp. 7-27; 
Martin, D., Fowlkes, C., Tal, D., Malik, J., A database of human segmented natural images and its application to evaluating segmentation algorithms and measuring ecological statistics (2001) IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, 2, pp. 416-424; 
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},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {191 - 198},
	address = {Estoril},
	abstract = {Grouping and segmentation of images remains a challenging problem in computer vision. Recently, a number of authors have demonstrated a good performance on this task using spectral methods that are based on the eigensolution of a similarity matrix. In this paper, we implement a variation of the existing methods that combines aspects from several of the best-known eigenvector segmentation algorithms to produce a discrete optimal solution of the relaxed continuous eigensolution. {\textcopyright} Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Computer vision, Discrete optimal solution, Eigensolution, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Image segmentation, Matrix algebra, Problem solving, Similarity matrix, Spectral methods},
	isbn = {03029743 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-25144437374\&partnerID=40\&md5=5b6351af4ac58a16c41b5558a48ae9e2},
	author = {Monteiro, F.C. and Campilho, A.C.},
	editor = {Marques J.S. and Perez de la Blanca N. and Pina P.}
}
@article {2482,
	title = {Fabrication of alternating polycation and albumin multilayer coating onto stainless steel by electrostatic layer-by-layer adsorption},
	journal = {Colloids and Surfaces B: BiointerfacesColloids Surf. B Biointerfaces},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 17Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: CSBBEdoi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2003.12.015PubMed ID: 15261073Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Department of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; email: jianji@mail.hz.zj.cnChemicals/CAS: iodine 125, 14158-31-7, 22822-81-7; polyethyleneimine, 74913-72-7; stainless steel, 12597-68-1; Albumins; Lipid Bilayers; Polyamines; polycations; Polyethyleneimine, 9002-98-6; Stainless Steel, 12597-68-1References: Thomann, U.I., Uggowitzer, P.J., (2000) Wear, 239, p. 48;Cheatham, J., (2001) Prog. Pediat. Cardiol., 14, p. 95; 
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Bertrand, P., Jonas, A., Laschewsky, A., Legras, R., (2000) Macromol. Rapid Commun., 21, p. 319
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {185 - 190},
	abstract = {Multilayer films consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI) and albumin were successfully prepared on biomedical 316L stainless steel surface via electrostatic self-assembly of the PEI and albumin. The process of electrostatic self-assembly of PEI/albumin was monitored by                        125I radiolabeling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The EIS data revealed that the multilayer coating was stable in Tris-HCl (pH 7.35) buffer solution for 21 days. 
                        125I radiolabeling experiments indicated that less than 10\% albumin was eluted by PBS in 45 days. Static platelet adhesion experiments indicated that the PEI/albumin deposited on stainless steel could resist platelet adhesion effectively. Such an easy processing and shape-independent method may have good potential for surface modification of cardiovascular devices. {\textcopyright} 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
},
	keywords = {Adhesion, Adsorption, Albumin, Albumins, article, Atomic force microscopy, Cardiovascular devices, Chemical modification, Coatings, Electric Impedance, Electric Potential, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemistry, Electrons, Electrostatics, film coating, iodine 125, isotope labeling, Layer-by-layer, Lipid Bilayers, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Multilayers, Nonthrombogenic, pH effects, Platelet Adhesiveness, Polyamines, polycation, Polycations, Polyethyleneimine, priority journal, Proteins, Self assembly, Spectroscopy, Spectrum Analysis, Stainless steel, Surface modification, Surface Properties, surface property, Surface treatment, thrombocyte adhesion},
	isbn = {09277765 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1642271404\&partnerID=40\&md5=29885596e6efdc7afcc5b2fdd57317be},
	author = {Ji, J. and Tan, Q. and Fan, D.-Z. and Sun, F.-Y. and Barbosa, M.A. and Shen, J.}
}
@article {2500,
	title = {Fabrication of alternating polycation and albumin multilayer coating by electrostatic layer-by-layer adsorption},
	journal = {Journal of Materials ScienceJ Mater Sci},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 1Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JMTSAdoi: 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000008087.71937.71Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Department of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; email: jianji@mail.hz.zj.cnReferences: Bertrand, P., Jonas, A., Laschewsky, A., (2000) Macr. Rap. Comm., 21, p. 319;Ulman, A., (1996) Chem. Rev., 96, p. 1533; 
Sano, M., Lvov, Y., Kunitake, T., (1996) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 26, p. 153; 
Houska, M., Brynda, E., (1997) J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 188, p. 243; 
Brynda, E., Houska, M., (1996) J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 183, p. 18; 
Keogh, R.J., Eaton, J.W., (1994) J. Lab. Clin. Med., 124, p. 537; 
Keogh, J.R., Velander, F.F., Eaton, W., (1992) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 26, p. 441; 
Ji, J., Feng, L.X., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) Biomaterials, 22, p. 3015; 
Cheng, Z., Cheng, L., Dong, S., Yang, X., (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, pp. E227
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {349 - 351},
	abstract = {The construction of albumin multilayers via the electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) method was explored. Based on the results, it was possible to develop a fast, easy processing and shape-independent method for nonthrombogenic coating.},
	keywords = {Adhesion, Adsorption, Albumin, Biocompatibility, Biological materials, Biopolymers, Blood, Charge transfer, Chemical bonds, Covalent binding, Desorption, Electron transfer, Electron transfer resistance, Electrostatic layer by layer adsorption, Electrostatics, Multilayers, polycation, Positive ions, Spectroscopic analysis, Static platelet adhesion},
	isbn = {00222461 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0842312335\&partnerID=40\&md5=90716a579ba430045f75ca682551d418},
	author = {Ji, J. and Tan, Q. and Fan, D.-Z. and Sun, Y.-F. and Barbosa, M.A. and Shen, J.}
}
@article {2473,
	title = {Protein electrostatic self-assembly on poly(DL-lactide) scaffold to promote osteoblast growth},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part B Applied BiomaterialsJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater.},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 14Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRGdoi: 10.1002/jbm.b.30080PubMed ID: 15368240Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Dept. of Poly. Sci. and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; email: jianji@mail.hz.zj.cnChemicals/CAS: DNA, 9007-49-2; gelatin, 9000-70-8; polyethyleneimine, 74913-72-7; polylactide, 26680-10-4; DNA, 9007-49-2; Gelatin, 9000-70-8; poly(lactide), 26969-66-4; PolyestersReferences: Anselme, K., Osteoblast adhesion on biomaterials (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 667-681;Kim, B.S., Mooney, D.J., Development of biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrices for tissue engineering (1998) Trend Biotechnol, 16, pp. 224-230; 
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},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {159 - 165},
	abstract = {The development of protein coating on 3D biodegradable scaffold based on electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) to promote osteoblast growth is reported. Poly (ethylenimine) (PEI) was employed to obtain a stable positively charged surface on poly(DL-lactide) (PDL-LA) substrate. An extracellular-matrix (ECM)-like biomacromolecule, gelatin, was chosen as the polyelectrolyte to deposit on the activated PDL-LA substrate via ESA technique. Osteoblast (MC3T3) was then cultured on unmodified and gelatin-modified PDL-LA scaffolds. Osteoblast testing regarding total intracellular protein content, total DNA content, cell activity, and cell morphology on the ECM-like multilayer-modified PDL-LA scaffold showed that osteoblast growth was promoted. It will be easy to replace the gelatin with osteoinductive proteins or other polyelectrolytes to promote specific osteoblast functions. In comparison with conventional coating methods, polyelectrolyte multilayers are easy and stable to prepare. They may be a good choice for the surface modification of complex biomedical devices, especially for the 3D tissue-engineering scaffold. These very flexible systems allow broad medical applications for drug delivery and tissue engineering. {\textcopyright} 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {3T3 Cells, Absorbable Implants, Activation analysis, animal cell, Animals, article, Biodegradation, Biomedical engineering, cell activity, cell adhesion, Cell Division, cell growth, cell level, cell protein, cell structure, cell surface, Cell-material interactions, Cells, Coating techniques, DNA, DNA content, Drug products, Electrostatics, ethylene derivative, extracellular matrix, gelatin, Gelation, Growth (materials), Kinetics, macromolecule, materials testing, Mice, Microscopy, Confocal, mouse, nonhuman, osteoblast, Osteoblast growth, Osteoblast testing, Osteoblasts, polyelectrolyte, Polyelectrolytes, Polyesters, Polyethyleneimine, polylactide, polymer, protein assembly, Proteins, Surface modification, Tissue, Tissue engineering},
	isbn = {00219304 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-4644230505\&partnerID=40\&md5=2c6499a5f15b19dfab9731021aa4639b},
	author = {Zhu, H. and Ji, J. and Barbosa, M.A. and Shen, J.}
}
@article {2515,
	title = {Albumin and fibrinogen adsorption on Cibacron blue F3G-A immobilised onto PU-PHEMA (polyurethane-poly (hydroxyethylmethacrylate)) surfaces},
	journal = {Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer EditionJ. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed.},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 16Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBSEEdoi: 10.1163/156856203766652057PubMed ID: 12807146Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Martins, M.C.L.; Inst. de Engenharia Biomedica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: cmartins@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: cibacron blue f3ga, 12236-82-7, 53127-08-5; dextran, 87915-38-6, 9014-78-2; fibrinogen, 9001-32-5; polymacon, 25053-81-0, 25249-16-5, 98932-78-6; polyurethan, 61789-63-7; Albumins; Biocompatible Materials; Cibacron Blue F 3GA, 12236-82-7; Fibrinogen, 9001-32-5; Membranes, Artificial; Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate, 25249-16-5; TriazinesReferences: Ratner, B.D., Hoffman, A.S., Schoen, F.J., Lemons, J.L., (1996) Biomaterials Science - an Introduction to Materials in Medicine, , (Eds), Academic Press, San Diego, CA;Greco, R.S., (1994) Implantation Biology, the Host Response and Biomedical Devices, , (Ed.), CRC Press, Ann Arbour, MI; 
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http://www.lasurface.com/Beamson, G., Briggs, D., (1992) High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers - The Scienta ESCA300 Database, , (Eds), Wiley, Chichester; 
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},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {439 - 455},
	abstract = {In the present work, it is intended to study the effect of Cibacron blue F3G-A (CB) immobilised onto PU-PHEMA (polyurethane-poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate)) surfaces on protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. CB immobilisation was carried out by covalent binding between its triazine ring and the hydroxyl groups of the polymer. Characterisation of the films was carried out by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CB efficiency was evaluated using radiolabelled albumin and fibrinogen from pure solutions, mixtures of both and plasma. Bacterial adhesion tests before and after albumin pre-coating were also performed. The presence of CB increases albumin and fibrinogen adsorption to PU-PHEMA surfaces. The incorporation of CB onto the PU-PHEMA surface also increases bacterial adhesion. Although albumin pre-coating decreases bacterial adhesion onto PU (67\% decrease) and PU-PHEMA-CB (80\%), bacterial adhesion is always lower on PU and PU-PHEMA surfaces than on PU-PHEMA-CB. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to what has been described for CB bound to dextran, CB immobilisation on PU-PHEMA surfaces presents low selectivity to albumin and increased bacterial adhesion relatively to PU and PU-PHEMA surfaces.},
	keywords = {Adsorption, Albumin, Albumins, article, Bacterial adhesion, bacterium adherence, Biocompatible Materials, Chemical structure, Cibacron blue, cibacron blue f3ga, Contact angle, controlled study, covalent bond, dextran, fibrinogen, hydroxyl group, immobilization, infrared spectroscopy, isotope labeling, Membranes, Artificial, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, nonhuman, PHEMA, Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate, polymacon, polyurethan, priority journal, Protein adsorption, Scanning electron microscopy, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Surface Properties, triazine derivative, Triazines, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS},
	isbn = {09205063 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0038316702\&partnerID=40\&md5=6f911799b67ba3289c643eb874879e1f},
	author = {Martins, M.C.L. and Wang, D. and Ji, J. and Feng, L. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2517,
	title = {Albumin and fibrinogen adsorption on PU-PHEMA surfaces},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 41Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00002-4PubMed ID: 12628827Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Martins, M.C.L.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Inst. de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Rua do Campo Algre 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal; email: cmartins@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: acrylic acid ethyl ester, 140-88-5; fibrinogen, 9001-32-5; poly(2 hydroxyethyl acrylate), 26022-14-0; polyetherurethan, 76600-67-4; polymacon, 25053-81-0, 25249-16-5, 98932-78-6; protein, 67254-75-5; Albumins; Biocompatible Materials; Fibrinogen, 9001-32-5; poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), 26022-14-0; Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate, 25249-16-5; Water, 7732-18-5References: Ratner, B.D., Hoffman, A.S., Schoen, F.J., Lemons, J.L., (1996) Biomaterials science - An introduction to materials in medicine, , CA, USA, San Diego: Academic Press;Greco, R.S., (1994) Implantation biology, the host response and biomedical devices, , Ann Arbour, USA: CRC Press; 
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},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {2067 - 2076},
	abstract = {Materials that adsorb specific proteins may find a variety of applications in the biomedical field. The aim of this study was the preparation of a hydrophilic surface, with low protein adsorption, to be used in the future as a support for the immobilisation of several species, e.g. Cibacron Blue F3G-A, which has been described to induce specific albumin adsorption. Poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(hydroxyethylacrylate) (PHEA) were chosen as the hydrophilic surface because they can be easily polymerised and possess hydroxyl groups that can be used for the immobilisation of different compounds. Thin films of PHEMA and PHEA were successfully graft polymerised onto the surface of a commercial poly(etherurethane) (PU) using ceric ion as initiator. Grafting polymerisations were followed by mass gain and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Since stability tests demonstrated that only PU-PHEMA was stable in alkaline solutions, a necessary condition to future immobilisations, the investigation was focused on the coating of PU with PHEMA. PU-PHEMA films were characterised in detail using several techniques as mass gain, ATR-FTIR, contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Protein adsorption was evaluated using radiolabelled albumin and fibrinogen from pure solutions and from mixtures of both proteins. PU surfaces modified with PHEMA have demonstrated low protein adsorption, showing their potential use as substrates. This opens the possibly of exploring the advantages of selective adsorption by appropriate immobilisation of specific molecules. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {acrylic acid ethyl ester, Adsorption, Albumin, Albumins, article, ATR-FTIR, Biocompatible Materials, Chemical modification, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, fibrinogen, film, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Graft polymerisation, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Hydrophilic surfaces, hydrophilicity, hydroxyl group, infrared spectroscopy, isotope labeling, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, molecular stability, Pellethane, PHEMA, poly(2 hydroxyethyl acrylate), polyetherurethan, Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate, polymacon, Polymerization, priority journal, protein, Protein adsorption, Proteins, Scanning electron microscopy, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, surface property, Thin films, unclassified drug, Water, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037400503\&partnerID=40\&md5=dc989d7fe65e35d20f250cf3e7c245f9},
	author = {Martins, M.C.L. and Wang, D. and Ji, J. and Feng, L. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2508,
	title = {Constructing thromboresistant surface on biomedical stainless steel via layer-by-layer deposition anticoagulant},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 67Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00363-6PubMed ID: 12951013Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Department of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; email: jianji@mail.hz.zj.cnChemicals/CAS: heparin, 37187-54-5, 8057-48-5, 8065-01-8, 9005-48-5; polyethyleneimine, 74913-72-7; stainless steel, 12597-68-1; trometamol, 1185-53-1, 77-86-1; Anticoagulants; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Heparin, 9005-49-6; Polyethyleneimine, 9002-98-6; Stainless Steel, 12597-68-1Manufacturers: AldrichReferences: Bertrand, P., Jonas, A., Laschewsky, A., Legras, R., Ultrathin polymer coating by complexation of polyelectrolytes at interfaces: Suitable materials, structure and properties (2000) Macromol Rapid Commun, 21, pp. 319-348;Ulman, A., Formation and structure of self-assembled monolayers (1996) Chem Rev, 96, pp. 1533-1554; 
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},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {4699 - 4705},
	abstract = {Multilayer films consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI) and heparin were successfully prepared on biomedical 316L stainless steel surface via electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) of the PEI and heparin. The process of ESA of PEI/heparin was monitored by static contact angle, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), reflection adsorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. The contact angle and EIS data revealed that the multilayer coating was stable in Tris-HCl (pH 7.35) buffer solution for 21 days. The static platelet adhesion and static clotting time experiments indicated that the PEI/heparin-deposited stainless steel could resist the platelet adhesion and prolong the static clotting time effectively. Such an easy processing and shape-independent method may have good potential for surface modification of cardiovascular devices. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {316L stainless steel, Adhesion, Adsorption, anticoagulant agent, Anticoagulants, aqueous solution, article, Biocompatibility, biomaterial, Biomaterials, blood clotting time, Blood Platelets, Blood-compatibility, buffer, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, coating, Coatings, Contact angle, controlled study, Deposition, device, electricity, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemistry, Electrostatics, heparin, human, human cell, Humans, implant, Layer-by-layer, material coating, materials testing, Multilayers, Organic polymers, pH, Platelet Adhesiveness, Polyethyleneimine, priority journal, reflection adsorption spectroscopy, Self assembly, Spectroscopy, Stainless steel, Surface Properties, surface property, Surfaces, thrombocyte adhesion, Thromboresistant surfaces, trometamol, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0041386468\&partnerID=40\&md5=a68c77a7525bca1760cc298a394c713f},
	author = {Tan, Q. and Ji, J. and Barbosa, M.A. and Fonseca, C. and Shen, J.}
}
@article {2521,
	title = {Corrosion behaviour of commercially pure titanium shot blasted with different materials and sizes of shot particles for dental implant applications},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 77Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00314-9Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Aparicio, C.; Res. Center in Biomed. Eng. (CREB), Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; email: conrado.aparicio@upc.esChemicals/CAS: Dental Implants; Titanium, 7440-32-6References: Br{\r a}nemark, P.I., Hansson, B.O., Adell, R., Breine, U., Lindstr{\"o}m, J., Hallen, O., {\"O}hman, A., Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of edentulous jaw experience from a 10-year period (1977) Scand J Reconstr Surg, 16 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-132;Lemons, J.E., Application of materials in medicine and dentistry. Dental implants (1996) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, pp. 308-318. , B.D. Ratner, A.S. Hoffman, F.J. Schoen, \& J.E. Lemons. San Diego: Academic Press; 
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},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {263 - 273},
	abstract = {It is well known that the osseointegration of the commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) dental implant is improved when the metal is shot blasted in order to increase its surface roughness. This roughness is colonised by bone, which improves implant fixation. However, shot blasting also changes the chemical composition of the implant surface because some shot particles remain adhered on the metal. The c.p. Ti surfaces shot blasted with different materials and sizes of shot particles were tested in order to determine their topographical features (surface roughness, real surface area and the percentage of surface covered by the adhered shot particles) and electrochemical behaviour (open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic polarisation). The results demonstrate that the increased surface area of the material because of the increasing surface roughness is not the only cause for differences found in the electrochemical behaviour and corrosion resistance of the blasted c.p. Ti. Among other possible causes, those differences may be attributed to the compressive residual surface stresses induced by shot blasting. All the materials tested have an adequate corrosion and electrochemical behaviour in terms of its possible use as dental implant material. {\textcopyright} 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {article, Blast finishing, chemical composition, chemistry, Corrosion, Dental implant, Dental Implants, Dental prostheses, Electric Potential, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemistry, impedance, materials testing, Particle Size, Polarization, priority journal, Shot blasting, Spectroscopy, stress, Surface roughness, Surface topography, Titanium, tooth implantation},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037209960\&partnerID=40\&md5=c60c6b69f4fb345454b557acc836ec95},
	author = {Aparicio, C. and Javier Gil, F. and Fonseca, C. and Barbosa, M. and Planell, J.A.}
}
@article {2520,
	title = {Surface engineering of poly(DL-lactide) via electrostatic self-assembly of extracellular matrix-like molecules},
	journal = {BiomacromoleculesBiomacromolecules},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 48Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BOMAFdoi: 10.1021/bm025773pPubMed ID: 12625735Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Department of Polymer Science/Eng., Zhejing University, Hangzhou 310027, China; email: jianji@mail.hz.zj.cnChemicals/CAS: gelatin, 9000-70-8; polyethyleneimine, 74913-72-7; polylactide, 26680-10-4; poly(lactide), 26969-66-4; PolyestersTradenames: AXIOVERT 200, Zeiss; ESCA LAB 200A, VG; Radiance 2100, Biorad; Shimadzu UV-1201, Shimadzu; SPA 400, Seiko; Vectro 22, BrukerManufacturers: Biorad; Bruker; Seiko; Shimadzu; VG; ZeissReferences: Sittinger, M., Perka, C., Schutz, O., Haupl, T., Burmester, G.R.Z., (1999) Rheumatol., 58, pp. 130-135;Kim, B.S., Mooney, D.J., (1998) Trends Biotechnol., 16, p. 224; 
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},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {378 - 386},
	abstract = {We report the development of new biomacromolecule coatings on biodegradable biomaterials based on electrostatic assembly of extracellular matrix-like molecules. Poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) was employed to engineer poly(DL-lactide) (PDL-LA) substrate to obtain a stable positively charged surface. An extracellular matrix- (ECM-) like biomacromolecule, gelatin, was selected as the polyelectrolyte to deposit on the activated PDL-LA substrate via the electrostatic assemble technique. The extracellular matrix-like multilayer on the PDL-LA substrate was investigated by attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrscopy (XPS), contact angle, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The gradual buildup of the protein layer was investigated by UV-vis spectra, and it was further given a quantitative analysis of the protein layer on the PDL-LA substrate via the radioiodination technique. The stability of the protein layer under aqueous condition was also tested by the radiolabeling method. Chondrocyte was selected as the model system for testing the cell behavior and morphology on modified PDL-LA substrates. The chondrocyte test about cell attachment, proliferation, cell activity and cell morphology by SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) investigation on extracellular matrix-like multilayer modified PDL-LA substrate was shown to promote chondrocyte attachment and growth. Comparing conventional coating methods, polyelectrolyte multiplayers are easy and stable to prepare. It may be a good choice for the modification of 3-D scaffolds used in tissue engineering. These very flexible systems allow broad medical applications for drug delivery and tissue engineering.},
	keywords = {animal cell, Animalia, Animals, article, Atomic force microscopy, biodegradability, biomaterial, cartilage cell, cell activity, cell adhesion, cell function, cell growth, cell proliferation, cell structure, Cells, Cultured, Chondrocytes, confocal laser microscopy, controlled study, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Electrostatics, extracellular matrix, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gelatin, macromolecule, Macromolecules, Microscopy, Atomic Force, nonhuman, polyelectrolyte, Polyesters, Polyethyleneimine, Polyethylenes, polylactide, priority journal, protein analysis, protein stability, quantitative analysis, Rabbits, radioiodination, Scanning electron microscopy, Self assembly, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Surface charge, Surface engineering, Surface Properties, Tissue engineering, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {15257797 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0038071804\&partnerID=40\&md5=dc56622e3535f161005efe1ae86f4d23},
	author = {Zhu, H. and Ji, J. and Tan, Q. and Barbosa, M.A. and Shen, J.}
}
@article {2529,
	title = {A novel urethane containing copolymer as a surface modification additive for blood contact materials},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in MedicineJ. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2002},
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},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {677 - 684},
	abstract = {Surface modification to develop a biomolecules-presenting surface is of interest, both from a scientific and an industrial point of view. In this research, a penta-block-coupling polymer of warfarin-PEO-MDI-PEO-warfarin was specially designed as the surface modifying additive (SMA). The warfarin-modified polyurethane surfaces were then prepared by dip-coating method. Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) spectra revealed that the urethane segments in the SMA could penetrate into the hard block of segmented polyurethane (SPU) via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds were strong enough to form stable warfarin-PEO composite surfaces in an aqueous environment. Fibrinogen and albumin adsorption onto unmodified and SMA-modified SPU was investigated by the                        125l-labeled method. The surface for attracting and reversibly binding albumin, which was proved to suppress the platelet adhesion and prolong the clotting time, has been developed by the simple coating of the novel SMA in SPU. {\textcopyright} 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
},
	keywords = {Adhesion, Adsorption, Albumin, article, Attenuation, biomaterial, Block copolymers, Blood, blood clotting time, Chemical modification, Coatings, copolymer, fibrinogen, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, human, human cell, hydrogen bond, Hydrogen bonds, infrared spectroscopy, iodine 125, material coating, Polyurethanes, priority journal, Surface modifying additives (SMA), surface property, Surface treatment, synthesis, thrombocyte adhesion, urethan, warfarin, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036308146\&partnerID=40\&md5=4767c8a335b26ea0390bc42ddbbaf6b1},
	author = {Ji, J. and Barbosa, M.A. and Feng, L. and Shen, J.}
}
@article {2530,
	title = {Preparation of albumin preferential surfaces on poly(vinyl chloride) membranes via surface self-segregation},
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Keogh, R.J., Eaton, J.W., Albumin binding surfaces for biomaterials (1994) J Lab Clin Med, 124 (4), pp. 537-545
},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {252 - 259},
	abstract = {Poly(vinyl chlorides)-graft-[w-stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide)] (PVC-g-SPEO), which has a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) backbone, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side chain, and stearyl end groups, has been synthesized. Self-organizing blends of the amphiphilic comb polymer in poly-(vinyl chlorides) have been examined as a means to create albumin preferential surfaces on polymer films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates substantial surface segregation of the PVC-g-SPEO. A surface concentration of 59.9 EO wt \% is achieved by the solution casting and heat treatment of a film with a bulk concentration of only 3.78 EO wt \%. In the aqueous environment, the surface rearrangement of PVC-g-SPEO/PVC blend film is limited and presents a high interfacial energy and high depolar component of interfacial energy due to the "tail-like" SPEO side chain. Protein adsorption tests confirm that PVC-g-SPEO/PVC blend films absorb high levels of albumin and dramatically resist fibrinogen adsorption. Surfaces to attract and reversibly bind albumin, which might diminish the occurrence of thrombosis, inflammation, and infection, are developed by self-organizing blends of the amphiphilic comb polymer in poly(vinyl chlorides). {\textcopyright} 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {Adsorption, Albumin, Amphiphilic copolymer, amphophile, aqueous solution, article, artificial membrane, Biocompatible Materials, cell separation, cell surface, chemical binding, combinatorial chemistry, concentration response, conference paper, dimerization, energy resource, film, human, Humans, infection, Inflammation, Inflammations, macrogol, macrogol derivative, membrane structure, Membranes, Artificial, metabolism, Plastic films, Polyethylene Glycols, polymer, Polymeric membranes, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylchloride, protein binding, Serum Albumin, Stearates, stearic acid derivative, stearyl poly(ethylene oxide), Surface modification, Surface Properties, surface property, Surface segregation, Synthesis (chemical), thrombosis, X ray analysis, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {00219304 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036268941\&partnerID=40\&md5=fbe73c0e87ccb8188bce7a8565a7d39a},
	author = {Ji, A. and Feng, L. and Shen, J. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2538,
	title = {Stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) grafted surfaces for preferential adsorption of albumin},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 26Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00048-5PubMed ID: 11575476Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Department of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; email: @@@Chemicals/CAS: Biocompatible Materials; Fibrinogen, 9001-32-5; Ligands; polyethylene glycol-polystyrene; Polyethylene Glycols; Polystyrenes; Serum Albumin; Stearates; stearyl poly(ethylene oxide)References: Andrade, J.D., Nagaoka, S., Cooper, S., Okano, T., Kim, S.W., Surface and blood compatibility; current hypothesis (1987) ASAIO Trans, 33 (2), pp. 75-76;Ranter, B.D., The engineering of biomaterials exhibiting recognition and specificity (1996) J Mol Recognition, 9, pp. 617-625; 
Jeon, S.I., Lee, J.H., Andrade, J.D., De Gennes, P.G., Protein-surface interactions in the presence of polyethylene oxide (1991) J Colloid Interface Sci, 142 (1), pp. 149-158; 
Merrill, E.W., Salzman, E.W., Polyethylene oxide as a biomaterial (1983) ASAIO J, 6, pp. 60-64; 
Amiji, M., Park, K., Prevention of protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on surfaces by PEO/PPO/PEO triblock copolymers (1992) Biomaterials, 13, pp. 682-692; 
Mayes, A.M., Irine, D.J., Tailoring polymer surface for control cell behavior (1998), pp. 73-84. , Thomson G., Mooney R.C., Healy D.J., Ikada K.E., Mikos Y. (Eds.), Biomaterials regulating cell function and tissue development, Warrendale, PA: MRSKeogh, R.J., Eaton, J.W., Albumin binding surfaces for biomaterials (1994) J Lab Clin Med, 124 (4), pp. 537-545; 
Munro, M.S., Quattrone, A.J., Ellsworth, S.R., Kulkarni, P., Eberhart, R.C., Alkyl substituted polymers with enhanced albumin affinity (1981) Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs, 27, pp. 499-503; 
Pitt, W.G., Cooper, S.L., Albumin adsorption on alkyl chain derivatized polyurethane; I. The effect of C-18 alkylation (1988) J Biomed Mater Res, 22, pp. 359-382; 
Frautschi, J.R., Munro, M.S., Lloyd, D.R., Eberhart, R.C., Alkyl derivatized cellulose acetate membranes with enhanced albumin affinity (1983) Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs, 29, pp. 242-244; 
Keogh, J.R., Velander, F.F., Eaton, J.W., Albumin-binding surface for implantable devices (1992) J Biomed Mater Res, 26, pp. 441-456; 
Qiu, Y.X., Yu, X.J., Feng, L.X., Yang, S.L., Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic and microphase-separated graft copolymer (1992) Makromol Chem, 173, p. 1377; 
Gallo BM, Russo S. In: Platzer NAJ, editor. Copolymer, polymers and composites. Washington, DC, 1975. p. 85Neumann AW, Good RJ. In: Good RJ, Stromberg RR, editors. Surface and colloid science, vol. 11, Experimental methods. New York: Plenum Press, 1979. p. 31Brash, J.L., Davidson, V.J., Adsorption of glass and polyethylene from solutions of fibrinogen and albumin (1976) Thromb Res, 9 (3), pp. 249-259; 
Lide DR. In: Lider DR, editor. Surface tension of common liquids, Handbook of chemistry and physics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1996. p. 6-147Carel, J.V.O., (1994), pp. 170-177. , Carel J.V.O. (Ed.), Interfacial forces in aqueous media, New York: Marcel DekkerMori, Y., Nagaoka, S., Takiuchi, H., Kikuci, T., Noguchi, N., Tanzawa, H., Noishili, Y., A new antithrombogenic material with long polyethyleneoxide chains (1982) Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs, 28, pp. 459-463; 
Wu, D., Jian, K., (1995) Sci China (B), 25 (11), p. 1121; 
Wu, D., Jian, K., (1995) Sci China (B), 26 (5), p. 409; 
Walton, D.G., Soo, P.P., Mayes, A.M., Sofia Allgor, S.J., Fujii, J.T., Griffith, L.G., Ankner, J.F., Satija, S.K., Creation of stable poly(ethylene oxide) surfaces on poly(methyl methacrylate) using blends of branched and linear polymer (1997) Macromolecules, 30 (22), pp. 6947-6956; 
Walton, D.G., Mayes, A.M., Entropically driven segregation in blend of branched and liner polymers (1996) Phys Rev E, 54 (3), pp. 2811-2815
},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {3015 - 3023},
	abstract = {An ideal surface for many biomedical applications would resist non-specific protein adsorption while at the same time triggering a specific biological pathway. Based on the approach of selectively binding albumin to free fatty acids, stearyl groups were immobilized onto poly(styrene) backbone via poly(ethylene oxide) side chains. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates substantial surface enrichment of the stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) (SPEO). In an aqueous environment, the surface rearrangement is limited, as proved by dynamic contact angle tests. The comb-like copolymer presents a special hydrophobic surface with high SPEO surface density, which may be due to the {\textquoteright}tail like{\textquoteright} SPEO architecture at the copolymer/water interface. Protein adsorption tests confirm that the comb-like surfaces adsorb high levels of albumin and resist fibrinogen adsorption very significantly. The surfaces prepared in this research attract and reversibly bind albumin due to the synergistic action of the PEO chains and the stearyl end groups. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Adsorption, Albumin, Amphiphilic copolymer, article, Biocompatible Materials, Biomedical engineering, Catalyst selectivity, Cell immobilization, Contact angle, copolymer, Copolymers, density, Electron Probe Microanalysis, fibrinogen, Grafting (chemical), Humans, hydrophobicity, Ligands, macrogol, macrogol derivative, materials testing, Polyethylene Glycols, Polystyrenes, priority journal, Protein adsorption, protein binding, Proteins, roentgen spectroscopy, Serum Albumin, Stearates, Stearyl end groups, Surface Properties, surface property, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035889824\&partnerID=40\&md5=9e163aafab1e37712839a8c35e902110},
	author = {Ji, J. and Feng, L. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2563,
	title = {Classification of breast tissue by electrical impedance spectroscopy},
	journal = {Medical and Biological Engineering and ComputingMed. Biol. Eng. Comput.},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 42Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: MBECDPubMed ID: 10829386Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Marques de Sa, J.P.; INEB, Facul. Engenharia Universidade Porto, Porto, Portugal; email: jmsa@fe.op.ptReferences: Brown, B.H., Barber, D.C., Morice, A.H., Leathard, A.D., Cardiac and respiratory related electrical impedance changes in the human thorax (1994) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., BME-41, pp. 729-734;Campbell, A.M., Land, D.V., Dielectric properties of female breast tissue measured in vitro at 3.2 GHz (1992) Phys. Med. Biol., 37, pp. 193-210; 
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},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {26 - 30},
	publisher = {Peter Peregrinus Ltd},
	abstract = {Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a minimally invasive technique that has clear advantages for living tissue characterisation owing to its low cost and ease of use. The present paper describes how this technique can be applied to breast tissue classification and breast cancer detection. Statistical analysis is used to derive a set of rules based on features extracted from the graphical representation of electrical impedance spectra. These rules are used hierarchically to discriminate several classes of breast tissue. Results of statistical classification obtained from a data set of 106 cases representing six classes of excised breast tissue show an overall classification efficiency of ~92\% with carcinoma discrimination > 86\%.Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a minimally invasive technique that has clear advantages for living tissue characterization owing to its low cost and ease of use. The present paper describes how this technique can be applied to breast tissue classification and breast cancer detection. Statistical analysis is used to derive a set of rules based on features extracted from the graphical representation of electrical impedance spectra. These rules are used hierarchically to discriminate several classes of breast tissue. Results of statistical classification obtained from a data set of 106 cases representing six classes of excised breast tissue show an overall classification efficiency of approximately 92\% with carcinoma discrimination >86\%.
},
	keywords = {article, Breast, breast cancer, Breast Neoplasms, cancer classification, Data classification, Discriminant Analysis, Electric Impedance, Electrical impedance spectroscopy, Electrodiagnosis, Feature extraction, Female, human, Humans, impedance, Impedance spectroscopy, major clinical study, Medical imaging, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Spectroscopy, Statistical analysis, Statistical methods, Tissue, Tissue characterisation},
	isbn = {01400118 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033962139\&partnerID=40\&md5=1510d493688d338d985aad2a31d1caeb},
	author = {Estrela Da Silva, J. and Marques De S{\'a}, J.P. and Jossinet, J.}
}
@article {2559,
	title = {Self-assembly and surface structure of an amphiphilic graft copolymer, polystyrene-graft-ω-stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide)},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface ScienceJ. Colloid Interface Sci.},
	volume = {224},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 12Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JCISAdoi: 10.1006/jcis.2000.6729Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Laboratorio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: jian@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: macrogol, 25322-68-3; polystyrene, 9003-53-6; stearic acid, 57-11-4, 646-29-7References: Brash, J.L., (1983) Biocompatible Polymer, Metals and Composites, p. 35. , M. Szycher. Lancaster: Technomic;Gombotz, W.R., Guanghui, W., Horbett, T.A., Hoffman, A.S., (1991) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 25, p. 1547; 
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Lide, D.R., (1996) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, , D. R. Lider. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 
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Gombotz, W.R., Guanhui, W., Horebett, T.A., Hoffman, A.S., (1992) Poly(ethylene Glycol) Chemistry: Biotechnical and Biomedical Application, pp. 247-261. , J. M. Harris. New York: Plenum Press; 
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Wu, D., Jian, K., (1995) Sci. China (B), 26, p. 409; 
Ji, J., Feng, L., Qiu, Y., Yu, X., Polymer, , in press; 
Hester, J.F., Banerjee, P., Mayes, A.M., (1999) Macromolecules, 32, p. 1643
},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {255 - 260},
	abstract = {Surface properties of the polystyrene-graft-ω-stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle, and spin probe techniques. The XPS results indicate that the surface and bulk composition of the PS-g-SPEO copolymers differ remarkably from each other. The stearyl and EO components enrich at the copolymer/air interfaces due to the self-assembly of the stearyl groups. At the PS-g-SPEO-72.6 surface (the x in PS-g-SPEO-x indicates the bulk density of the SPEO in wt\%), the self- assembly of the hydrophobic stearyl groups is strong enough to form a stable liquid crystalline phase as indicated by DSC. At polymer/water interfaces, PS-g-SPEO-72.6 presents a hydrophilic surface with low PEO mobility, whereas PS-g-SPEO-50.6 and PS-g-SPEO-31.0 present the hydrophobic surface with high PEO mobility. The two different types of the surfaces, with different characters in surface energy, surface mobility of PEO, and surface architecture of SPEO, will be quite valuable as models for detecting the synergistic action of the PEO chains and the stearyl groups (specific ligand for albumin binding) in protein solutions. (C) 2000 Academic Press.},
	keywords = {Amphiphilic copolymer, article, biomaterial, copolymer, crystal, differential scanning calorimetry, electron microscopy, electron spin resonance, hydrophobicity, macrogol, polystyrene, priority journal, protein assembly, protein binding, protein structure, Self-assembly, stearic acid, Surface structure, X ray analysis},
	isbn = {00219797 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034655268\&partnerID=40\&md5=1628a0cfec8d5ced3e11c87d74ceae44},
	author = {Ji, J. and Feng, L. and Qiu, Y. and Yu, X. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2581,
	title = {ESR spectroscopy to determine the molecular mobility of poly(ethylene oxide) grafts in amphiphilic graft copolymers},
	journal = {Macromolecular Rapid CommunicationsMacromol. Rapid Commun.},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: MRCOELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; INEB-mat, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150 Porto, PortugalReferences: Bots, J.G.F., Van Der Does, L., Bentjes, A., (1986) Biomaterials, 7, p. 393;Osterberg, E., Holmberg, K., Schuman, T.P., Riggs, J.A., Burns, N.L., Van Alstine, J.M., Harris, J.M., (1995) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 29, p. 741; 
Hubbell, J.A., (1997) Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.), 38, p. 528; 
Harris, J.M., (1997) Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.), 38, p. 520; 
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},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {473 - 477},
	abstract = {The ethylene oxide (EO) mobility in polystyrene-graft-[poly(ethylene oxide)] (PS-g-PEO) and polystyrene-graft-[stearyl poly(ethylene oxide)] (PS-g-SPEO) copolymers was evaluated by spin probe techniques. The ESR spectra indicate that 4-hydroxyl-TEMPO (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) is strongly biased to the PEO phase of the PS-g-(S)PEO membranes. The rotational correlation time τ                        c can also be employed to assess the PEO mobility in PS-g-(S)PEO membranes. Although τ
                        c of PS-g-(S)PEO usually decreases with increasing surface density of EO, it is of interest that τ
                        c is rather high when the surface within a depth of at least 5 nm is fully occupied by SPEO (sample PS-g-SPEO-72.6).
},
	isbn = {10221336 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032352685\&partnerID=40\&md5=2d915a1de24f503ed01fc4c5ee85e639},
	author = {Ji, J. and Feng, L. and Qiu, Y. and Yu, X.}
}
@article {2599,
	title = {Preparation and characterization of fluoride-substituted apatites},
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	volume = {8},
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	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 90Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JSMMELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Jha, L.J.; National Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4099 Porto, PortugalReferences: Betts, F., Norman, C., Posner, S.R., (1981) J. Cryst. Growth, 53, p. 63;Arends, I., Tencate, I.M., (1981) J. Cryst. Growth, 53, p. 135; 
Boivin, G., Meunier, P.J., (1990) The Metabollic and Molecular Basis of Acquired Disease, , edited by R. D. Cohen, B. Lewis, K. G. M. M. Alberti and A. M. Desman Bailliere Tindall, London; 
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Duff, E., (1971) J. Chem. Soc. A, p. 33; 
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Christoffersen, J., (1980) J. Cryst. Growth, 49, p. 29; 
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Ishikawa, K., Eanes, E.D., Tung, M.S., (1994) J. Dent. Res., 73, p. 1462; 
Dorozhkin, S.V., (1994) Russian J. Inorg. Chem., 39, p. 217; 
Larson, A.C., Von Dreele, R.B., Lujan Jr., M., (1990) GSAS-Generalised Crystal Structure Analysis System, , Neutron Scattering Centre, Los Alamos National Laboratory, California; 
Abrahams, I., Knowles, J.C., (1994) J. Mater. Chem., 4, p. 185
},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {185 - 191},
	abstract = {Apatites were prepared with three different fluoride concentrations: 0.0 mM (pure hydroxyapatite) 2.5 mM and 5 mM. Reactions were performed in aqueous medium using a reaction between diammonium orthophosphate and calcium nitrate 4-hydrate and ammonium fluoride at temperatures of 3{\textdegree}, 25{\textdegree}, 60{\textdegree} and 90{\textdegree}C. The effects of reaction temperature and fluoride concentration on the crystal morphology, phase purity and crystallinity of the precipitates were observed, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ion chromatography. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that the crystallites precipitated at 3{\textdegree}C were spheroidal, but became increasingly acicular with increasing precipitation temperature. X-ray diffraction results indicated that all the materials produced were phase pure and that the crystallinity of apatites prepared at higher precipitation temperatures was higher than those prepared at lower precipitation temperatures. A significant difference in the a-axis dimension of fluoride-substituted apatites was observed, as compared to hydroxyapatite. FTIR spectroscopy revealed a hydroxyl band at 3568 cm},
	keywords = {Apatites, Chromatographic analysis, Composition effects, crystal structure, Fluorine compounds, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Ion chromatography, Phase composition, Phase purity, Phosphate minerals, Precipitation (chemical), Thermal effects, transmission electron microscopy, X ray diffraction analysis},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031124259\&partnerID=40\&md5=e7154db7af03d5ab5b0551c5d50e9953},
	author = {Jha, L.J.}
}
@article {2619,
	title = {Characterization of apatite layer formation on P                    2O
                    5-CaO, P
                    2O
                    5-CaO- Na
                    2O, and P
                    2O
                    5-CaO-Na
                    },
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials ResearchJ. BIOMED. MATER. RES.},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 20Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRBdoi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199608)31:4<481::AID-JBM7>3.0.CO;2-HPubMed ID: 8836844Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Jha, L.J.; IRC in Biomedical Materials, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United KingdomChemicals/CAS: HydroxyapatitesReferences: Hyakuna, K., Yamamuro, T., Kotoura, Y., Oka, M., Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Surface reactions of calcium phosphate ceramics to various solutions (1990) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24, pp. 471-488;Ebisawa, Y., Kokubo, T., Ohura, K., Yamamuro, T., Bioactivity of CaO{\textperiodcentered}SiO 2-based glasses: In vitro evaluation (1990) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 1, pp. 239-244; 
Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Ohtsuki, C., Sakka, S., Yamamuro, T., Chemical reaction of bioactive glass and glass ceramics with a simulated body fluid (1992) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 3, pp. 79-83; 
Li, P., Yang, Q., Zhang, F., Kokubo, T., The effect of residual glassy phase in a bioactive glass-ceramic on the formation of its surface apatite layer in vitro (1992) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 3, pp. 452-456; 
Ohtsuki, C., Aoki, Y., Kokubo, T., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Characterization of apatite layer formed on bioactive glass-ceramic A-W (1992) Bioceramics, 5, pp. 87-94. , T. Yamamuro, T. Kokubo, and T. Nakamura (eds.), Kokunshi Kankokai, Japan; 
Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Ohtsuki, C., Sakka, S., Effects of ions dissolved from bioactive glass-ceramic on surface apatite formation (1993) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 4, pp. 1-4; 
Kohri, M., Miki, K., Waite, D., Nakajima, H., Okabe, T., In vitro stability of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (1993) Biomaterials, 14, pp. 299-304; 
Andersson, O.H., Kangasniemi, I., Calcium phosphate formation at the surface of bioactive glass in vitro (1991) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 25, pp. 1019-1030; 
Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Sakka, S., Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., Solutions able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure changes in bioactive glass-ceramic A-W (1990) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24, pp. 721-734; 
Santos, J.D., Knowles, J.C., Hastings, G.W., Bonfield, W., "Sintered hydroxyapatite compositions and method for the preparation thereof," British Patent No. 9,213,774.4 (1993)Santos, J.D., Reis, R.L., Knowles, J.C., Hastings, G.W., Monteiro, F.J., Microstructural characterisation of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites (1994) Biomaterials, 15, pp. 5-10; 
Santos, J.D., Knowles, J.C., Monteiro, F.J., Hastings, G.W., Development of a glass reinforced hydroxyapatite with enhanced mechanical properties: Physical properties and in vitro studies (1992) Bioceramics, 5, pp. 35-41. , T. Yamamuro, T. Kokubo, and T. Nakamura (eds.), Kokunshi Kankokai, Japan; 
Knowles, J.C., Abrahams, I., Bonfield, W., Effect of reinforcing glass composition on phase transformation and crystallographic parameters in hydroxyapatite (1993) Bioceramics, 6, pp. 191-196. , P. Ducheyne and D. Christiansen (eds.), Butterworth Heinemann, New York; 
Knowles, J.C., Bonfield, W., Development of a glass reinforced hydroxyapatite with enhanced mechanical properties. The effect of glass composition on mechanical properties and its relationship to phase changes (1993) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, pp. 1591-1598; 
Burnie, J., Gilchrist, T., Controlled release glass (C.R.C.) - A new biomaterial (1983) Ceramics in Surgery, pp. 169-176. , P. Vincenzini (ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam; 
Santos, J.D., Jha, L.J., Monteiro, F.J., Study of surface modifications by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composites in a simulated physiological solution (1995) Biomaterials, 16, pp. 521-526; 
Rehman, I., Hench, L.L., Bonfield, W., Comparison of hydroxycarbonate apatite layers on bioactive glasses with human bone (1993) Bioceramics, 6, pp. 123-128. , P. Ducheyne and D. Christiansen (eds.), Butterworth Heinemann, New York; 
Landis, W.J., Martin, J.R., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy applied to gold-decorated mineral standards of biological interest (1984) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A2, p. 1108; 
Swift, P., Adventitious carbon - The panacea for energy referencing? (1982) Surface Interface Anal., 4, pp. 47-51; 
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Verhoeven, J.A., Van Doveren, H., An XPS investigation of the interface of methane, ethyne, ethene, and ethane with barium surface (1982) Surface Sci., 123, pp. 369-383
},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {481 - 486},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc},
	abstract = {P                        2O
                        5-based glass hydroxyapatite (HA) composites denoted HA-2 oxide, HA-3 oxide, and HA-4 oxide, were immersed in Hank{\textquoteright}s balanced salt solution for a period of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks at 37{\textdegree}C in nonagitated condition for in vitro evaluation. A surface layer was precipitated on the composites that was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelecton spectroscopy, and thin film X-ray diffractometry (TF-XRD). SEM micrographs showed complete coverage of the composite surface by crystallites after immersion of 1 week in the solution, which grew thicker with respect to immersion time. The binding energies measured by XPS indicated apatite formation and the presence of carbonate on the composite surface, showing the newly formed layer was a carbonated apatite. Confirmation of the formed apatite layer was obtained by TF-XRD.
                        2O
                        5-based glass hydroxyapatite (HA) composites denoted HA-2 oxide, HA-3 oxide, and HA-4 oxide, were immersed in Hank{\textquoteright}s balanced salt solution for a period of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks at 37{\textdegree}C in nonagitated condition for in vitro evaluation. A surface layer was precipitated on the composites that was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thin film X-ray diffractometry (TF-XRD). SEM micrographs showed complete coverage of the composite surface by crystallites after immersion of 1 week in the solution, which grew thicker with respect to immersion time. The binding energies measured by XPS indicated apatite formation and the presence of carbonate on the composite surface, showing the newly formed layer was a carbonated apatite. Confirmation of the formed apatite layer was obtained by TF-XRD.
},
	keywords = {Apatite, article, binding affinity, Biomaterials, bone strength, Calcium Compounds, Carbonates, Ceramic materials, Characterization, chemical composition, Composite materials, Crystallites, electron microscopy, glass, Glass hydroxyapatite composites, Hank balanced salt solution, hydroxyapatite, Hydroxyapatites, immersion, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Molecular Structure, Oxides, prosthesis material, Scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, Spectrum Analysis, Thin film X ray diffractometry, Thin films, X ray diffraction, X ray diffraction analysis, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction},
	isbn = {00219304 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030222031\&partnerID=40\&md5=1cba84bf7d0e93a4e3a3808849398c78},
	author = {Jha, L.J. and Santos, J.D. and Knowles, J.C.}
}
@article {2628,
	title = {Implant recovery and tissue reaction in growing pigs following implantation of packaging materials for injectable electronic identification and monitoring devices},
	journal = {Preventive Veterinary MedicinePrev. Vet. Med.},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: PVMEELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Janssens, S.; Lab. for Agric. Buildings Research, K.U. Leuven, K. Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, BelgiumReferences: Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical Data Analysis, , John Wiley, New York, 558 pp;Report from the working group on transponders (1990) CBSG News, 1 (3), p. 13; 
Davis, S.D., Gibbons, D.F., Martin, R.L., Levitt, S.R., Smith, J., Harrington, R.V., Biocompatibility of ceramic implants in soft tissue (1972) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 6, pp. 425-449; 
Dorn, H.J., Vorstellung des EURO I.D. Systems zur kennzeichnung von tieren mit mikrochips in transpondern (1987) Tierarztl. Umschau, 12, pp. 978-981; 
Fallon, R.J., Rogers, P.A.M., Use and recovery of implantable electronic transponders in beef cattle (1991) Automatic Electronic Identification Systems for Farm Animals, pp. 61-67. , E. Lambooij (Editor), Commission European Community, Luxembourg; 
Konermann, H., Identification of horses by implantation of microchips (1991) Automatic Electronic Identification Systems for Farm Animals, pp. 37-43. , E. Lambooij (Editor), Commission European Community, Luxembourg; 
Lambooij, E., Injectable electronic identification systems: Some veterinary aspects (1991) Automatic Electronic Identification Systems for Farm Animals, pp. 21-27. , E. Lambooij (Editor), Commission European Community, Luxembourg; 
Lambooij, E., Merks, J.W.M., De techniek en plaats van injectie van elektronische levensnummers in varkens (1989) IVO-Rapp., B-335. , IVO-DLO, Zeist, The Netherlands, 12 pp; 
Lambooij, E., De Groot, P.H.S., Molenbeek, R.F., Gruys, E., Subcutaneous tissue reaction to polyethylene terephtalate-covered electronic identification transponders in pigs (1992) Vet. Q., 14 (4), pp. 145-147; 
Interim report following six month checks (1991) Livestock Identification Trial, , MLC, Milton Keynes, UK, 14 pp; 
Petersen, B., Kunneken, J., Norpoth, A., BIPS: An information and preventive system for pig breeding farms (1989) Pigs News Inf., 10 (4), pp. 473-476; 
Rao, G.N., Edmondson, J., Tissue reaction to an implantable identification device in mice (1990) Toxicol. Pathol., 18 (3), pp. 412-416; 
(1989) SAS/STAT User{\textquoteright}s Guide, Version 6, 4th Edn., 1. , SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 943 pp; 
Williams, D.F., The response of the body environment to implants (1973) Implants in Surgery, pp. 203-297. , D.F. Williams (Editor), Saunders, London; 
Williams, D.F., Titanium and titanium alloys (1981) Biocompatibility of Clinical Implant Materials, 1, pp. 188-200. , D.F. Williams (Editor), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {249 - 258},
	abstract = {Different materials were used as cylindrical housings (40 mm {\texttimes} 5 mm) for implantable electronic identification and monitoring tags in livestock. A total of 299 pigs received an implant in the right ear base. Wound healing was complete after 6 weeks in all animals, whereas tissue reaction at the site of the transponder started from the first week with highest levels between 6 and 9 weeks. About 10\% of pigs showed visible swelling of the tissue surrounding the implant. Severeness of tissue reaction ante-mortem influenced the recovery rate of implants. Histological sections obtained from the pigs at slaughter show signs of an inflammatory response in most of the pigs which was associated with the implantation duration/body weight effect. Overall recovery of implants was 90\%. The unfavourable inflammation and recovery results might be attributed to a sub-optimal injection procedure.},
	keywords = {implant, Implant recovery, Pig, tissue reaction},
	isbn = {01675877 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0038873896\&partnerID=40\&md5=5fb7280a2742ab9dfe152ec1045acb44},
	author = {Janssens, S. and Rocha, L.A. and Bosschaerts, L. and Barbosa, M.A. and Puers, R. and Vill{\'e}, H. and Geers, R.}
}
@article {2623,
	title = {In vitro calcium phosphate formation on SiO                    2-Na
                    2O-CaO-P
                    2O
                    5 glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite: A study by XPS analysis
},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in MedicineJ. MATER. SCI. MATER. MED.},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 42Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JSMMELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; FEUP, Rua dos Bragas, 4099-Porto Codex, PortugalChemicals/CAS: calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5, 13767-12-9, 14358-97-5, 7758-87-4; hydroxyapatite, 1306-06-5, 51198-94-8References: Ducheyne, P., (1987) J. Biomed. Mater. Res.: Appl. Biomater., 21 (A2), p. 219;Hench, L.L., (1989) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23, p. 685; 
Hench, L.L., (1991) J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 7, p. 1487; 
Jarcho, M., (1988) Bioceramics 1, p. 57. , edited by H. Oonishi, H. Aoki and K. Sawai Ishiyaku Euro America, Tokyo; 
De Groot, K., (1980) Biomaterials, 1, p. 47; 
Blitterswijk, C.A.V., Koerten, H.K., Grote, J.J., (1986) Biological and Biomechanical Performance of Biomaterials, p. 27. , edited by P. Cristel, A. Meunier and A. J. C. Lee Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam; 
Ono, K., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Kokubo, T., Kotoura, Y., (1988) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 22, p. 869; 
Aoki, H., (1991) Science and Medical Applications of Hydroxyapatite, , Japanese Association of Apatite Science (JAAS), Takayama Press System Centre Co., Inc; 
Manabe, A., Shigematsu, M., Kobayashi, S., (1987) High Tech Ceramics, p. 63. , edited by P. Vincenzini Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam; 
Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Kokubo, T., Ono, M., (1987) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 21, p. 1109; 
Kokubo, T., Ito, S., Shigematsu, M., Sakka, S., Yamamuro, T., (1985) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 20, p. 2001; 
Mestral, F., Drew, R.L.A., (1989) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 5, p. 47; 
Burnie, J., Gilchrist, T., Kobayashi, S., (1983) Ceramics in Surgery, p. 169. , edited by P. Vincenzini Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam; 
Andersson, O.H., Liu, G., Karlsson, K.H., Niemi, L., Juhanoja, J., (1990) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 1, p. 219; 
Knowles, J.C., Rehman, I., Bonfield, W., (1994) Bioceramics 7, p. 85. , edited by O. H. Andersson, R. P. Happonen and A. Yli-Urpo Butterworth Heinemann, Turku, Finland; 
Santos, J.D., Reis, R.L., Knowles, J.C., Hastings, G.W., Monteiro, F.J., (1994) Biomaterials, 15, p. 5; 
Santos, J.D., Knowles, J.C., Monteiro, F.J., Hastings, G.W., (1992) Bioceramics 5, p. 35. , edited by T. Yamamuro, T. Kokubo and T. Nakamura Kokunshi Kankokai, Kyoto; 
Santos, J.D., Knowles, J.C., Reis, R.L., Monteiro, F.J., Hastings, G.W., (1985) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 6, p. 448; 
Wilson, J., Low, S., (1992) J. Appl. Biomater., 3, p. 123; 
Oonishi, H., Kushitani, S., Yasukawa, E., Hench, L.L., Wilson, J., Tsuji, E., Sugihara, T., (1994) Bioceramics 7, p. 139. , edited by O. H. Andersson, R.-P. Happonen and A. Yli-Urpo, Butterworth Heinemann, Turku, Finland; 
Neo, M., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., Ohtsuki, C., Kokubo, T., Bando, Y., (1992) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 26, p. 1419; 
Hyakuna, K., Yamamuro, T., Kotoura, Y., Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., (1990) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24, p. 471; 
Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Sakka, S., Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., (1990) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24, p. 721; 
Santos, J.D., Jha, L.J., Monteiro, F.J., (1995) Biomaterials, 16, p. 521; 
Li, P., Ohtsuki, C., Kokubo, T., Nakanishi, K., Soga, N., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., (1993) J. Appl. Biomater., 4, p. 221; 
Neo, M., Kotani, S., Fujita, Y., Yamamuro, T., Bando, Y., Ohtsuki, C., Kokubo, T., (1992) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 26, p. 255; 
Li, P., Yang, Q., Zhang, F., Kokubo, T., (1992) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 3, p. 452; 
Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., (1988) Bioceramics 1, p. 157. , edited by T. Yamamuro, T. Kokubo and T. Nakamura Kokunshi Kankokai, Kyoto; 
Landis, W.J., Martin, J.R., (1984) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A2, p. 1108; 
Andersson, O.H., Kangasniemi, I., (1991) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 25, p. 1019; 
Verhoeven, J.A.T., Van Doveren, H., (1982) Surf. Sci., 123, p. 369; 
Rehman, I., Hench, L.L., Bonfield, W., (1994) Bioceramics 7, p. 123. , edited by O. H. Andersson, R. P. Happonen and A. Yli-Urpo Butterworth Heinemann, Turku, Finland; 
Turner, N.H., Murday, J.S., Ramaker, D.E., (1980) Anal. Chem., 52, p. 84
},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {181 - 185},
	publisher = {Chapman \& Hall Ltd},
	abstract = {In-vitro apatite layer formation on the surface of a newly developed glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). After 1 week soaking in an acellular simulated body fluid the composite surface was entirely covered by a Ca, P-layer, suggesting a bioactive behaviour. XPS binding energy results revealed that this surface layer was a carbonated and non- stoichiometric apatite with Ca/P ratio of 1.3. This apatite layer was composed of very fine needle-like crystallites. Comparative studies on a commercially available hydroxyapatite showed that a similar apatite layer was also formed on its surface.In-vitro apatite layer formation on the surface of a newly developed glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). After 1 week soaking in an acellular simulated body fluid the composite surface was entirely covered by a Ca, P-layer, suggesting a bioactive behaviour. XPS binding energy results revealed that this surface layer was a carbonated and non-stoichiometric apatite with Ca/P ratio of 1.3. This apatite layer was composed of very fine needle-like crystallites. Comparative studies on a commercially available hydroxyapatite showed that a similar apatite layer was also formed on its surface.
},
	keywords = {article, Binding energy, Biocompatibility, Biodegradation, biomaterial, Calcium, calcium phosphate, Characterization, Composite materials, Composition, Energy dispersive x ray analysis, glass, Glass reinforced hydroxyapetite composite, hydroxyapatite, implant, In vitro calcium phosphate formation, Ionic concentration, molecular interaction, Nucleation, Phosphates, phosphorus, priority journal, Scanning electron microscopy, Surfaces, X ray analysis, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030106254\&partnerID=40\&md5=725eba3e273e23b5c6519d07483495e8},
	author = {Santos, J.D. and Jha, L.J. and Monteiro, F.J.}
}
@article {2637,
	title = {Computerized fetal heart rate analysis in labour based on 2-s sampling. Can it proceed with confidence? [1]},
	journal = {European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyEUR. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL. REPROD. BIOL.},
	volume = {63},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: EOGRAdoi: 10.1016/0301-2115(95)02215-SPubMed ID: 8674558Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Bernardes, J.; Instituto Engenharia Biomedica, Praca Coronel Pacheco 1, 4000 Porto, Portugal},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {105 - 107},
	keywords = {computer analysis, Computers, Female, Fetal monitoring, fetus, fetus heart rate, Heart Rate, Fetal, human, labor, Labor, Obstetric, letter, measurement, Pregnancy, priority journal, sampling, Time Factors},
	isbn = {03012115 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028856781\&partnerID=40\&md5=d0c302fff078192103c46bde7d37746f},
	author = {Bernardes, J. and Garrido, A. and Chang, A. and Sahota, D.S. and Reed, N.N. and James, D.K. and Mohajer, M.P.}
}
@article {2633,
	title = {Plasma surface treatment and PACVD on Ti alloys for surgical implants},
	journal = {Surface and Coatings TechnologySurf. Coat. Technol.},
	volume = {74-75},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 49Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1016/0257-8972(95)08316-2Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Rie, K.-T.; Institut f{\"u}r Oberfl{\"a}chentechnik und plasmatechnische Werkstoffentwicklung, Technische Universit{\"a}t Braunschweig, Bienroder Weg 53, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {973 - 980},
	abstract = {To improve the poor surface hardness and wear resistance of titanium alloys used for surgical implants undergoing wear TiA16V4 and TiA15Fe2.5 have been plasma nitrided. TiN and other sublayers are formed by plasma nitriding. To increase the thickness of the outermost TiN layer the samples have been coated with TiN by PACVD following plasma nitriding. The produced layers have been characterized in terms of microstructure, layer composition, hardness depth profiles. The evaluation of corrosion resistance and biocompatibility revealed that the good properties of the untreated alloys have been well preserved. {\textcopyright} 1995 Elsevier Science S.A.},
	keywords = {Biocompatibility, Biomaterials, Characterization, Chemical vapor deposition, Corrosion resistance, hardness, Implants (surgical), Microstructure, Nitriding, PACVD, Plasma applications, Plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition, Plasma nitriding, Plasma surface treatment, Surface hardness, Surface treatment, Surfaces, Ti alloys, Titanium alloys, Wear resistance},
	isbn = {02578972 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029389521\&partnerID=40\&md5=289d2d683bcdc5c62d1ecdf56b33079a},
	author = {Rie, K.-T. and Stucky, T. and Silva, R.A. and Leitao, E. and Bordji, K. and Jouzeau, J.-Y. and Mainard, D.}
}
@article {2635,
	title = {Surface modifications of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBIOMATERIALS},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 24Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)91124-HPubMed ID: 7492715Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; Dept Metallurgical Engineering, FEUP, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 4099-Porto Codex, PortugalChemicals/CAS: Biocompatible Materials; Calcium, 7440-70-2; Glass; Hydroxyapatites; Phosphorus, 7723-14-0; Silicon, 7440-21-3; Sodium, 7440-23-5},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {521 - 526},
	publisher = {Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd},
	abstract = {Surface modifications of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites immersed in a simulated physiological solution were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the first stages of the apatite formation process, calcium and silicon ions were leached out from the surface of the composites. After 12 days of immersion, apatite crystals were detected on the surface indicating bioactive behaviour. Sodium ions attributed to sodium sulphate were also found in the apatite layer. Bound water on the surface also increased with immersion time.Surface modifications of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites immersed in a simulated physiological solution were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the first stages of the apatite formation process, calcium and silicon ions were leached out from the surface of the composites. After 12 days of immersion, apatite crystals were detected on the surface indicating bioactive behaviour. Sodium ions attributed to sodium sulphate were also found in the apatite layer. Bound water on the surface also increased with immersion time.
},
	keywords = {Apatite, article, Bioactive glass, Biocompatible Materials, Biomaterials, Calcium, chemical composition, Composite materials, Electron Probe Microanalysis, glass, Glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composites, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, hydroxyapatite, Hydroxyapatites, immersion, Ions, Leaching, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphates, phosphorus, priority journal, Scanning electron microscopy, Silicon, Sodium, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Spectroscopy, Surface modification, Surface Properties, surface property, Surface treatment, Water, X ray, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X ray spectroscopy},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029294502\&partnerID=40\&md5=2694e1944afd0945ac391ba41c4ec7b5},
	author = {Santos, J.D. and Jha, L.J. and Monteiro, F.J.}
}
