



@article {3411,
	title = {A critical appraisal of the evidence for using cardiotocography plus ECG ST interval analysis for fetal surveillance in labor. Part I: the randomized controlled trials},
	journal = {Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Si},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {556-568},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000337566200007},
	author = {Olofsson, Per and Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo and Kessler, Joerg and Tendal, Britta and Yli, Branka M. and Devoe, Lawrence}
}
@article {3406,
	title = {Endoplasmic Reticulum Degradation-Enhancing alpha-Mannosidase-like Protein 1 Targets Misfolded HLA-B27 Dimers for Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation},
	journal = {Arthritis \& Rheumatology},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {2976-2988},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000344349500008},
	author = {Guiliano, David B. and Fussell, Helen and Lenart, Izabela and Tsao, Edward and Nesbeth, Darren and Fletcher, Adam J. and Campbell, Elaine C. and Yousaf, Nasim and Williams, Sarah and Santos, Susana and Cameron, Amy and Towers, Greg J. and Kellam, Paul and Hebert, Daniel N. and Gould, Keith G. and Powis, Simon J. and Antoniou, Antony N.}
}
@article {2234,
	title = {Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitors expressing delta-like 4 (Dll4) regulate tumor angiogenesis},
	journal = {PLoS ONEPLoS ONE},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 8Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusArt. No.: e18323doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018323Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Dias, S.; Angiogenesis Laboratory, CIPM/Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon, Portugal; email: sergidias@ipolisboa.min-saude.ptChemicals/CAS: fibronectin, 86088-83-7; vasculotropin, 127464-60-2; DLL4 protein, mouse; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Membrane ProteinsReferences: Asahara, T., Masuda, H., Takahashi, T., Kalka, C., Pastore, C., Bone marrow origin of endothelial progenitor cells responsible for postnatal vasculogenesis in physiological and pathological neovascularization (1999) Circ Res, 85, pp. 221-228;Rafii, S., Lyden, D., Benezra, R., Hattori, K., Heissig, B., Vascular and haematopoietic stem cells: Novel targets for anti-angiogenesis therapy? (2002) Nat Rev Cancer, 2, pp. 826-835. , Review; 
Lyden, D., Hattori, K., Dias, S., Costa, C., Blaikie, P., Impaired recruitment of bone-marrow-derived endothelial and hematopoietic precursor cells blocks tumor angiogenesis and growth (2001) Nat Med, 7, pp. 1194-1201; 
Larrivee, B., Niessen, K., Pollet, I., Corbel, S.Y., Long, M., Minimal contribution of marrow-derived endothelial precursors to tumor vasculature (2005) J Immunol, 175, pp. 2890-2899; 
Peters, B.A., Diaz, L.A., Polyak, K., Meszler, L., Romans, K., Contribution of bone marrow-derived endothelial cells to human tumor vasculature (2005) Nat Med, 11, pp. 261-262; 
Pasquier, E., Dias, S., Endothelial progenitor cells: Hope beyond controversy (2010) Curr Cancer Drug Targets, 10 (8), pp. 914-921; 
Dudley, A.C., Udagawa, T., Melero-Martin, J.M., Shih, S.C., Curatolo, A., Bone marrow is a reservoir for proangiogenic myelomonocytic cells but not endothelial cells in spontaneous tumors (2010) Blood, 116 (17), pp. 2267-2271; 
Krebs, L.T., Xue, Y., Norton, C.R., Shutter, J.R., Maguire, M., Notch signaling is essential for vascular morphogenesis in mice (2000) Genes Dev, 14, pp. 1343-1352; 
Uyttendaele, H., Ho, J., Rossant, J., Kitajewski, J., Vascular patterning defects associated with expression of activated Notch4 in embryonic endothelium (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, pp. 5643-5648; 
Duarte, A., Hirashima, M., Benedito, R., Trindade, A., Diniz, P., Dosage-sensitive requirement for mouse Dll4 in artery development (2004) Genes Dev, 18, pp. 2474-2478; 
Gale, N.W., Dominguez, M.G., Noguera, I., Pan, L., Hughes, V., Haploinsufficiency of delta-like 4 ligand results in embryonic lethality due to major defects in arterial and vascular development (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, pp. 15949-15954; 
Carmeliet, P., Ferreira, V., Breier, G., Pollefeyt, S., Kieckens, L., Abnormal blood vessel development and lethality in embryos lacking a single VEGF allele (1996) Nature, 380, pp. 435-439; 
Mailhos, C., Modlich, U., Lewis, J., Harris, A., Bicknell, R., Delta4, an endothelial specific notch ligand expressed at sites of physiological and tumor angiogenesis (2001) Differentiation, 69, pp. 135-144; 
Oliner, J., Min, H., Leal, J., Yu, D., Rao, S., Suppression of angiogenesis and tumor growth by selective inhibition of angiopoietin-2 (2004) Cancer Cell, 6, pp. 507-516; 
Patel, N.S., Li, J.L., Generali, D., Poulsom, R., Cranston, D.W., Up-regulation of delta-like 4 ligand in human tumor vasculature and the role of basal expression in endothelial cell function (2005) Cancer Res, 65, pp. 8690-8697; 
Williams, C.K., Li, J.L., Murga, M., Harris, A.L., Tosato, G., Up-regulation of the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell function (2006) Blood, 107, pp. 931-939; 
Caiado, F., Real, C., Carvalho, T., Dias, S., Notch pathway modulation on bone marrow-derived vascular precursor cells regulates their angiogenic and wound healing potential (2008) PLoS One, 3, pp. e3752; 
Escudier, B., Eisen, T., Stadler, W.M., Szczylik, C., Oudard, S., Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (2007) N Engl J Med, 356, pp. 125-134; 
Llovet, J.M., Ricci, S., Mazzaferro, V., Hilgard, P., Gane, E., Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2008) N Engl J Med, 359, pp. 378-390; 
Motzer, R.J., Bukowski, R.M., Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2006) J Clin Oncol, 24, pp. 5601-5608; 
Bergers, G., Hanahan, D., Modes of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy (2008) Nat Rev Cancer, 8, pp. 592-603; 
Verheul, H.M., Pinedo, H.M., Possible molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of angiogenesis inhibition (2007) Nat Rev Cancer, 7, pp. 475-485; 
Noguera-Troise, I., Daly, C., Papadopoulos, N.J., Coetzee, S., Boland, P., Blockade of Dll4 inhibits tumour growth by promoting non-productive angiogenesis (2006) Nature, 444, pp. 1032-1037; 
Ridgway, J., Zhang, G., Wu, Y., Stawicki, S., Liang, W.C., Inhibition of Dll4 signalling inhibits tumour growth by deregulating angiogenesis (2006) Nature, 444, pp. 1083-1087; 
Moore, M.A., Hattori, K., Heissig, B., Shieh, J.H., Dias, S., Mobilization of endothelial and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by adenovector-mediated elevation of serum levels of SDF-1, VEGF, and angiopoietin-1 (2001) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 938, pp. 36-45. , discussion 45-37; 
Yamaguchi, J., Kusano, K.F., Masuo, O., Kawamoto, A., Silver, M., Stromal cell-derived factor-1 effects on ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cell recruitment for ischemic neovascularization (2003) Circulation, 107, pp. 1322-1328; 
Leslie, J.D., Ariza-McNaughton, L., Bermange, A.L., McAdow, R., Johnson, S.L., Endothelial signalling by the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 restricts angiogenesis (2007) Development, 134, pp. 839-844; 
Trindade, A., Kumar, S.R., Scehnet, J.S., Lopes-da-Costa, L., Becker, J., Overexpression of delta-like 4 induces arterialization and attenuates vessel formation in developing mouse embryos (2008) Blood, 112, pp. 1720-1729; 
Huang, M.T., Mason, J.C., Birdsey, G.M., Amsellem, V., Gerwin, N., Endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2 regulates angiogenesis (2005) Blood, 106, pp. 1636-1643; 
Deutsch, U., Schlaeger, T.M., Dehouck, B., Doring, A., Tauber, S., Inducible endothelial cell-specific gene expression in transgenic mouse embryos and adult mice (2008) Exp Cell Res, 314, pp. 1202-1216; 
Dias, S., Thomas, H., Balkwill, F., Multiple molecular and cellular changes associated with tumour stasis and regression during IL-12 therapy of a murine breast cancer model (1998) Int J Cancer, 75 (1), pp. 151-157; 
Scott, K.A., Holdsworth, H., Balkwill, F.R., Dias, S., Exploiting changes in the tumour microenvironment with sequential cytokine and matrix metalloprotease inhibitor treatment in a murine breast cancer model (2000) Br J Cancer, 83 (11), pp. 1538-1543
},
	month = {2011///},
	abstract = {Neo-blood vessel growth (angiogenesis), which may involve the activation of pre-existing endothelial cells (EC) and/or the recruitment of bone marrow-derived vascular precursor cells (BM-VPC), is essential for tumor growth. Molecularly, besides the well established roles for Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), recent findings show the Notch signalling pathway, in particular the ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4), is also essential for adequate tumor angiogenesis; Dll4 inhibition results in impaired, non-functional, angiogenesis and reduced tumor growth. However, the role of BM-VPC in the setting of Notch pathway modulation was not addressed and is the subject of the present report. Here we show that SDF-1 and VEGF, which are produced by tumors, increase Dll4 expression on recruited BM-VPC. Mechanistically, BM-VPC activated, in a Dll4-dependent manner, a transcriptional program on mature EC suggestive of EC activation and stabilization. BM-VPC induced ICAM-2 and Fibronectin expression on EC, an effect that was blocked by a Dll4-specific neutralizing antibody. In vivo, transplantation of BM-VPC with decreased Dll4 into tumor-bearing mice resulted in the formation of microvessels with decreased pericyte coverage and reduced fibronectin expression. Consequently, transplantation of BM-VPC with decreased Dll4 resulted in impaired tumor angiogenesis, increased tumor hypoxia and apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth. Taken together, our data suggests that Dll4 expression by BM-VPC affects their communication with tumor vessel endothelial cells, thereby modulating tumor angiogenesis by affecting vascular stability. {\textcopyright} 2011 Real et al.},
	keywords = {angiogenesis, animal, animal cell, animal tissue, Animals, apoptosis, article, blood vessel, Blood Vessels, bone marrow, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, cell activation, Cell Line, Tumor, cell proliferation, controlled study, cytology, delta like 4 protein, DLL4 protein, mouse, Endothelial Cells, endothelium cell, Female, Fibronectin, gene expression, gene expression regulation, genetics, human, human cell, Humans, hypoxia, in vitro study, in vivo study, intercellular adhesion molecule 2, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, membrane protein, Membrane Proteins, metabolism, Mice, mouse, Mus, neoplasm, Neoplasms, neovascularization (pathology), Neovascularization, Pathologic, neutralizing antibody, nonhuman, Notch receptor, Pathology, pericyte, protein expression, signal peptide, solid tumor, stem cell, stem cell transplantation, Stem cells, stromal cell derived factor 1, tumor cell line, tumor growth, unclassified drug, vascularization, vasculotropin},
	isbn = {19326203 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79953685607\&partnerID=40\&md5=60a33b7d91c1502050bc560303255881},
	author = {Real, C. and Rem{\'e}dio, L. and Caiado, F. and Igreja, C. and Borges, C. and Trindade, A. and Pinto-Do-{\'O}, P. and Yagita, H. and Duarte, A. and Dias, S.}
}
@article {2269,
	title = {Heparinized hydroxyapatite/collagen three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in MedicineJ. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 8Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JSMMEdoi: 10.1007/s10856-010-4097-2PubMed ID: 20596760Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Teixeira, S.; Divis{\~a}o de Biomateriais, INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal; email: sandra_teixeira3@yahoo.comChemicals/CAS: collagen, 9007-34-5; cyanamide, 151-51-9, 420-04-2; heparin, 37187-54-5, 8057-48-5, 8065-01-8, 9005-48-5; hydroxyapatite, 1306-06-5, 51198-94-8; n hydroxysuccinimide, 6066-82-6; trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, 16655-63-3, 2508-19-2; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Substitutes; Collagen, 9007-34-5; Cross-Linking Reagents; Durapatite, 1306-06-5; Heparin, 9005-49-6; PolymersReferences: Rose, F.R., Cyster, L.A., Grant, D.M., Scotchford, C.A., Howdle, S.M., Shakesheff, K.M., In vitro assessment of cell penetration into porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds with a central aligned channel (2004) Biomaterials, 25 (24), pp. 5507-5514. , DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.012, PII S0142961204000134;Hong, Z., Zhang, P., He, C., Qiu, X., Liu, A., Chen, L., Chen, X., Jing, X., Nano-composite of poly(L-lactide) and surface grafted hydroxyapatite: Mechanical properties and biocompatibility (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (32), pp. 6296-6304. , DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.018, PII S0142961205003297; 
Ignjatovic, N., Tomic, S., Dakic, M., Miljkovic, M., Plavsic, M., Uskokovic, D., Synthesis and properties of hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactide composite biomaterials (1999) Biomaterials, 20 (9), pp. 809-816. , DOI 10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00234-8, PII S0142961298002348; 
Kothapalli, C.R., Shaw, M.T., Wei, M., Biodegradable HA-PLA 3-D porous scaffolds: Effect of nano-sized filler content on scaffold properties (2005) Acta Biomaterialia, 1 (6), pp. 653-662. , DOI 10.1016/j.actbio.2005.06.005, PII S1742706105000978; 
Liao, S., Wang, W., Uo, M., Ohkawa, S., Akasaka, T., Tamura, K., Cui, F., Watari, F., A three-layered nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite/collagen/PLGA composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (36), pp. 7564-7571. , DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.050, PII S0142961205004199; 
Maeda, H., Kasuga, T., Hench, L.L., Preparation of poly(L-lactic acid)-polysiloxane-calcium carbonate hybrid membranes for guided bone regeneration (2006) Biomaterials, 27 (8), pp. 1216-1222. , DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.08.010, PII S0142961205007829; 
Kong, L., Gao, Y., Cao, W., Gong, Y., Zhao, N., Zhang, X., Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite scaffolds (2005) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A, 75 (2), pp. 275-282. , DOI 10.1002/jbm.a.30414; 
Li, X.M., Feng, Q.L., Cui, F.Z., In vitro degradation of porous nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/PLLA scaffold reinforced by chitin fibres (2006) Mater Sci Eng C-Biomim Supramol Syst, 26 (4), pp. 716-720. , 1:CAS:528:DC\%2BD28XjvFyntr4\%3D; 
Sachlos, E., Gotora, D., Czernuszka, J.T., Collagen scaffolds reinforced with biomimetic composite nano-sized carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite crystals and shaped by rapid prototyping to contain internal microchannels (2006) Tissue Engineering, 12 (9), pp. 2479-2487. , DOI 10.1089/ten.2006.12.2479; 
Zhu, X., Eibl, O., Scheideler, L., Geis-Gerstorfer, J., Characterization of nano hydroxyapatite/collagen surfaces and cellular behaviors (2006) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A, 79 (1), pp. 114-127. , DOI 10.1002/jbm.a.30706; 
Pieper, J.S., Hafmans, T., Veerkamp, J.H., Van Kuppevelt, T.H., Development of tailor-made collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices: EDC/NHS crosslinking, and ultrastructural aspects (2000) Biomaterials, 21 (6), pp. 581-593. , DOI 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00222-7, PII S0142961299002227; 
Pieper, J.S., Oosterhof, A., Dijkstra, P.J., Veerkamp, J.H., Van Kuppevelt, T.H., Preparation and characterization of porous crosslinked collagenous matrices containing bioavailable chondroitin sulphate (1999) Biomaterials, 20 (9), pp. 847-858. , DOI 10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00240-3, PII S0142961298002403; 
Pieper, J.S., Van Wachem, P.B., Van Luyn, M.J.A., Brouwer, L.A., Hafmans, T., Veerkamp, J.H., Van Kuppevelt, T.H., Attachment of glycosaminoglycans to collagenous matrices modulates the tissue response in rats (2000) Biomaterials, 21 (16), pp. 1689-1699. , DOI 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00052-1, PII S0142961200000521; 
Pieper, J.S., Hafmans, T., Van Wachem, P.B., Van Luyn, M.J.A., Brouwer, L.A., Veerkamp, J.H., Van Kuppevelt, T.H., Loading of collagen-heparan sulfate matrices with bFGF promotes angiogenesis and tissue generation in rats (2002) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 62 (2), pp. 185-194. , DOI 10.1002/jbm.10267; 
Wissink, M.J.B., Beernink, R., Pieper, J.S., Poot, A.A., Engbers, G.H.M., Beugeling, T., Immobilization of heparin to EDC/NHS-crosslinked collagen. Characterization and in vitro evaluation (2001) Biomaterials, 22 (2), pp. 151-163. , 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00164-2 1:CAS:528:DC\%2BD3cXovFGnu7g\%3D 11101159; 
Wissink, M.J.B., Beernink, R., Poot, A.A., Engbers, G.H.M., Beugeling, T., Van Aken, W.G., Feijen, J., Improved endothelialization of vascular grafts by local release of growth factor from heparinized collagen matrices (2000) Journal of Controlled Release, 64 (1-3), pp. 103-114. , DOI 10.1016/S0168-3659(99)00145-5, PII S0168365999001455; 
Wissink, M.J.B., Beernink, R., Scharenborg, N.M., Poot, A.A., Engbers, G.H.M., Beugeling, T., Van Aken, W.G., Feijen, J., Endothelial cell seeding of (heparinized) collagen matrices: Effects of bFGF pre-loading on proliferation (after low density seeding) and pro-coagulant factors (2000) Journal of Controlled Release, 67 (2-3), pp. 141-155. , DOI 10.1016/S0168-3659(00)00202-9, PII S0168365900002029; 
Gcm, S., Yao, C., Prevel, P., Markowicz, M., Schenck, P., Noah, E.M., Modulation of angiogenic potential of collagen matrices by covalent incorporation of heparin and loading with vascular endothelial growth factor (2004) Tissue Eng, pp. 1502-9; 
Yao, C., Markowicz, M., Pallua, N., Magnus Noah, E., Steffens, G., The effect of cross-linking of collagen matrices on their angiogenic capability (2008) Biomaterials, 29 (1), pp. 66-74. , DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.049, PII S0142961207007284; 
Jiao, Y.Y., Ubrich, N., Hoffart, V., Marchand-Arvier, M., Vigneron, C., Hoffman, M., Preparation and characterization of heparin-loaded polymeric microparticles (2002) Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 28 (8), pp. 1033-1041. , 10.1081/DDC-120014740 1:CAS:528:DC\%2BD38XnslGnt7c\%3D 12378958; 
Jiao, Y., Ubrich, N., Marchand-Arvier, M., Vigneron, C., Hoffman, M., Lecompte, T., Maincent, P., In vitro and in vivo evaluation of oral heparin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in rabbits (2002) Circulation, 105 (2), pp. 230-235. , DOI 10.1161/hc0202.101988; 
Lee, K.W., Yoon, J.J., Lee, J.H., Kim, S.Y., Jung, H.J., Kim, S.J., Joh, J.W., Lee, S.K., Sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor from calcium-induced alginate hydrogels reinforced by heparin and chitosan (2004) Transplantation Proceedings, 36 (8), pp. 2464-2465. , DOI 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.08.078, PII S0041134504009480; 
Schroeder-Tefft, J.A., Bentz, H., Estridge, T.D., Collagen and heparin matrices for growth factor delivery (1997) Journal of Controlled Release, 48 (1), pp. 29-33. , DOI 10.1016/S0168-3659(97)00055-2, PII S0168365997000552; 
Teixeira, S., Ferraz, M.P., Monteiro, F.J., Biocompatibility of highly macroporous ceramic scaffolds: Cell adhesion and morphology studies (2008) J Mater Sci, 19 (2), pp. 855-859. , 1:CAS:528:DC\%2BD1cXhs1Wktb8\%3D; 
Edlund, U., Danmark, S., Albertsson, A.-C., A strategy for the covalent functionalization of resorbable polymers with heparin and osteoinductive growth factor (2008) Biomacromolecules, 9 (3), pp. 901-905. , DOI 10.1021/bm701267u; 
Teixeira, S., Oliveira, S., Ferraz, M., Monteiro, F.J., Three dimensional macroporous calcium phosphates scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2008) Key Eng Mater Trans Tech, pp. 947-50; 
Yamamoto, M., Tabata, Y., Hong, L., Miyamoto, S., Hashimoto, N., Ikada, Y., Bone regeneration by transforming growth factor β1 released from a biodegradable hydrogel (2000) Journal of Controlled Release, 64 (1-3), pp. 133-142. , DOI 10.1016/S0168-3659(99)00129-7, PII S0168365999001297; 
Teixeira, S., Rodriguez, M.A., Pena, P., De Aza, A.H., De Aza, S., Ferraz, M.P., Monteiro, F.J., Physical characterization of hydroxyapatite porous scaffolds for tissue engineering (2009) Mater Sci Eng C, 29 (5), pp. 1510-1514. , 10.1016/j.msec.2008.09.052 1:CAS:528:DC\%2BD1MXmtVarurg\%3D
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {2385 - 2392},
	abstract = {Currently, in bone tissue engineering research, the development of appropriate biomaterials for the regeneration of bony tissues is a major concern. Bone tissue is composed of a structural protein, collagen type I, on which calcium phosphate crystals are enclosed. For tissue engineering, one of the most applied strategies consists on the development and application of three dimensional porous scaffolds with similar composition to the bone. In this way, they can provide a physical support for cell attachment, proliferation, nutrient transport and new bone tissue infiltration. Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate with a similar composition of bone and widely applied in several medical/dentistry fields. Therefore, in this study, hydroxyapatite three dimensional porous scaffolds were produced using the polymer replication method. Next, the porous scaffolds were homogeneously coated with a film of collagen type I by applying vacuum force. Yet, due to collagen degradability properties, it was necessary to perform an adequate crosslinking method. As a result, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was employed as an efficient and non-toxic crosslinking method in this research. The composites were characterized by means of SEM, DSC and TNBS. Furthermore, heparin was incorporated in order to accomplish sustained delivery of a growth factor of interest namely, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2). BMP-2 binding and release of non-heparinized and heparinized scaffolds was evaluated at specific time points. The incorporation of heparin leads to a reduced initial burst phase when compared to the non heparinized materials. The results show a beneficial effect with the incorporation of heparin and its potential as a localized drug delivery system for the sustained release of growth factors. {\textcopyright} 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.},
	keywords = {Achilles Tendon, Animals, Apatite, article, Beneficial effects, Binding and release, Biocompatible Materials, Biological materials, Biomaterials, Bone, Bone and Bones, bone morphogenetic protein 2, Bone morphogenetic proteins, Bone Substitutes, bone tissue, Bone tissue engineering, Bony tissue, Calcium, calcium phosphate, Calcium phosphate crystals, Cattle, Cell attachments, Collagen, collagen degradation, collagen type 1, Collagen type I, controlled study, cross linking, Cross-Linking Reagents, Crosslinking, cyanamide, Degradability, differential scanning calorimetry, Drug delivery, drug delivery system, Durapatite, Grafts, Growth factor, heparin, Hydrogels, hydroxyapatite, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, n (3 dimethyllaminopropyl) n{\textquoteright} ethylcarbodiimide, n hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, Nutrient transport, Peptides, polymer, Polymer replication, Polymers, Polysaccharides, porosity, Porous scaffold, priority journal, protein binding, Scaffolds, Scanning electron microscopy, SEM, Specific time, Structural proteins, Sustained release, Three dimensional, Three-dimensional porous scaffolds, Three-dimensional scaffolds, Tissue engineering, tissue scaffold, Tissue Scaffolds, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, unclassified drug, vacuum, Vacuum force},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956420058\&partnerID=40\&md5=a723fdb7ea856a5286080a1a4aab82a2},
	author = {Teixeira, S. and Yang, L. and Dijkstra, P.J. and Ferraz, M.P. and Monteiro, F.J.}
}
@article {2266,
	title = {An improved collagen scaffold for skeletal regeneration},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part AJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 4Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRCdoi: 10.1002/jbm.a.32694PubMed ID: 20186736Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Teixeira, C. C.; Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States; email: ct40@nyu.eduChemicals/CAS: alkaline phosphatase, 9001-78-9; retinoic acid, 302-79-4; Biocompatible Materials; Collagen, 9007-34-5; Protein IsoformsReferences: Pountos, I., Jones, E., Tzioupis, C., Mcgonagle, D., Giannoudis, P.V., Growing bone and cartilage. The role of mesenchymal stem cells (2006) J Bone Joint Surg Br, 88, pp. 421-426;Newman, A.P., Articular cartilage repair (1998) Am J Sports Med, 26, pp. 309-324; 
Tomihisa, K., Tomoo, M., Toshitaka, T., Tomoyuki, S., New bone formation around porous hydroxyapatite wedge implanted in opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients with osteoarthritis (2001) Biomaterials, 22, pp. 1579-1582; 
Weiss, P., Layrolle, P., Clergeau, L.P., Enckel, B., Pilet, P., Amouriq, Y., Daculsi, G., Giumelli, B., The safety and efficacy of an injectable bone substitute in dental sockets demonstrated in a human clinical trial (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 3295-3305; 
Verlaan, J.J., Oner, F.C., Dhert, W.J., Anterior spinal column augmentation with injectable bone cements (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 290-301; 
Zelzer, E., Olsen, B.R., The genetic basis for skeletal diseases (2003) Nature, 423, pp. 343-348; 
Ivaska, K.K., Gerdhem, P., {\r A}kesson, K., Garnero, P., Obrant, K.J., Effect of fracture on bone turnover markers: A longitudinal study comparing marker levels before and after injury in 113 elderly women (2007) J Bone Miner Res, 22, pp. 1155-1164; 
Hunziker, E.B., Articular cartilage repair: Basic science and clinical progress. A review of the current status and prospects (2002) Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 10, pp. 432-463; 
Curran, S.J., Chen, R., Curran, J.M., Hunt, J.A., Expansion of human chondrocytes in an intermittent stirred flow bioreactor, using modified biodegradable microspheres (2005) Tissue Eng, 11, pp. 1312-1322; 
Vinatier, C., Magne, D., Moreau, A., Gauthier, O., Malard, O., Vignes-Colombeix, C., Daculsi, G., Guicheux, J., Engineering cartilage with human nasal chondrocytes and a silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel (2007) J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 80, pp. 66-74; 
Pound, J.C., Green, D.W., Chaudhuri, J.B., Mann, S., Roach, H.I., Oreffo, R.O., Strategies to promote chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from human bone marrow cells and articular chondrocytes encapsulated in polysaccharide templates (2006) Tissue Eng, 12, pp. 2789-2799; 
Kasten, P., Vogel, J., Luginbuhl, R., Niemeyer, P., Tonak, M., Lorenz, H., Helbig, L., Leo, A., Ectopic bone formation associated with mesenchymal stem cells in a resorbable calcium deficient hydroxyapatite carrier (2005) Biomaterials, 26, pp. 5879-5889; 
Joon Yung, L., Musgrave, D., Pelinkovic, D., Fukushima, K., Cummins, J., Usas, A., Robbins, P., Huard, J., Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2-expressing muscle-derived cells on healing of critical-sized bone defects in mice (2001) Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series a, 83 (7), pp. 1032-1039; 
Sumanasinghe, R.D., Osborne, J.A., Loboa, E.G., Mesenchymal stem cell-seeded collagen matrices for bone repair: Effects of cyclic tensile strain, cell density, and media conditions on matrix contraction in vitro (2008) J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 88, pp. 778-786; 
Alsberg, E., Anderson, K.W., Albeiruti, A., Rowley, J.A., Mooney, D.J., Engineering growing tissues (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99, pp. 12025-12030; 
Arpornmaeklong, P., Suwatwirote, N., Pripatnanont, P., Oungbho, K., Growth and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts on chitosan-collagen sponges (2007) Int J Oral Maxillacial Surgery, 36, pp. 328-337; 
Lode, A., Bernhardt, A., Gelinsky, M., Cultivation of human bone marrow stromal cells on three-dimensional scaffolds of mineralized collagen: Influence of seeding density on colonization, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (2008) J Tissue Eng Regenerative Med, 2, pp. 400-407; 
Balooch, M., Habelitz, S., Kinney, J.H., Marshall, S.J., Marshall, G.W., Mechanical properties of mineralized collagen fibrils as influenced by demineralization (2008) J Struct Biol, 162, pp. 404-410; 
Gelse, K., Poschl, E., Aigner, T., Collagens-structure, function, and biosynthesis (2003) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 55, pp. 1531-1546; 
Berglund, J.D., Mohseni, M.M., Nerem, R.M., Sambanis, A., A biological hybrid model for collagen-based tissue engineered vascular constructs (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 1241-1254; 
Chvapil, M., Collagen sponge: Theory and practice of medical applications (1977) J Biomed Mater Res, 11, pp. 721-741; 
Chvapil, M., Kronenthal, L., Van Winkle, W., Medical and surgical applications of collagen (1973) Int Rev Connect Tissue Res, 6, pp. 1-61; 
Matton, G., Anseeuw, A., De Keyser, F., The history of injectable biomaterials and the biology of collagen (1985) Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 9 (2), pp. 133-140. , DOI 10.1007/BF01570345; 
Radhika, M., Babu, M., Sehgal, P.K., Cellular proliferation on desamidated collagen matrices (1999) Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol, 124, pp. 131-139; 
Elliott, J.T., Woodward, J.T., Langenbach, K.J., Tona, A., Jones, P.L., Plant, A.L., Vascular smooth muscle cell response on thin films of collagen (2005) Matrix Biol, 24, pp. 489-502; 
Song, J., Rolfe, B.E., Hayward, I.P., Campbell, G.R., Campbell, J.H., Effects of collagen gel configuration on behavior of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro: Association with vascular morphogenesis (2000) In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 36, pp. 600-610; 
Weinberg, C.B., Bell, E., A blood vessel model constructed from collagen and cultured vascular cells (1986) Science, 231 (4736), pp. 397-400; 
Reid, G.G., Gorham, S.D., Lackie, J.M., The attachment, spreading and growth of baby hamster-kidney cells on collagen, chemically modified collagen and collagen-composite substrata (1993) J Mater Sci-Mater Med, 4, pp. 201-209; 
Michalopoulos, G., Pitot, H.C., Primary culture of parenchymal liver cells on collagen membranes. Morphological and biochemical observations (1975) Exp Cell Res, 94, pp. 70-78; 
Winder, S.J., Turvey, A., Forsyth, I.A., Characteristics of ruminant mammary epithelial cells grown in primary culture in serumfree medium (1992) J Dairy Res, 59, pp. 491-498; 
Sato, T., Chen, G., Ushida, T., Ishii, T., Ochiai, N., Tateishi, T., Tissue-engineered cartilage by in vivo culturing of chondrocytes in PLGA-collagen hybrid sponge (2001) Mater Sci Engineering: C, 17, pp. 83-89; 
Takahiro, O., Keizo, T., Yosuke, H., Takashi, U., Tamotsu, T., Tetsuya, T., Effect of type I and type II collagen sponges as 3D scaffolds for hyaline cartilage-like tissue regeneration on phenotypic control of seeded chondrocytes in vitro (2004) Mater Sci Eng C, 24, pp. 407-411; 
Fuchs, J.R., Kaviani, A., Oh, J.T., Lavan, D., Udagawa, T., Jennings, R.W., Wilson, J.M., Fauza, D.O., Diaphragmatic reconstruction with autologous tendon engineered from mesenchymal amniocytes (2004) J Pediatr Surg, 39, pp. 834-838; 
Kall, S., N{\"o}th, U., Reimers, K., Choi, C.Y.U., Muehlberger, T., Allmeling, C., Jahn, S., Vogt, P.M., In vitro fabrication of tendon substitutes using human mesenchymal stem cells and a collagen type i gel (2004) Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir, 4, pp. 205-211; 
Domaschke, H., Gelinsky, M., Burmeister, B., Fleig, R., Hanke, T., Reinstorf, A., Pompe, W., Rosen-Wolff, A., In vitro ossification and remodeling of mineralized collagen i scaffolds (2006) Tissue Eng, 12, pp. 949-958; 
Rodrigues, C.V.M., Serricella, P., Linhares, A.B.R., Guerdes, R.M., Borojevic, R., Rossi, M.A., Duarte, M.E.L., Farina, M., Characterization of a bovine collagen-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 4987-4997; 
Cooperman, L., Michaeli, D., The immunogenicity of injectable collagen. I. A 1-year prospective study (1984) J Am Acad Dermatol, 10, pp. 638-646; 
Delustro, F., Condell, R.A., Nguyen, M.A., Mcpherson, J.M., A comparative study of the biologic and immunologic response to medical devices derived from dermal collagen (1986) J Biomed Mater Res, 20, pp. 109-120; 
Sandberg, M., Vurio, E., Localization of types I, II, and III collagen mRNAs in developing human skeletal tissues by in situ hybridization (1987) J Cell Biol, 104, pp. 1077-1084; 
DeLustro, F., Smith, S.T., Sundsmo, J., Reaction to injectable collagen: Results in animal models and clinical use (1987) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 79 (4), pp. 581-592; 
Lynn, A.K., Yannas, I.V., Bonfield, W., Antigenicity and immunogenicity of collagen (2004) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomaterials, 71, pp. 343-354; 
Mizuno, M., Shindo, M., Kobayashi, D., Tsuruga, E., Amemiya, A., Kuboki, Y., Osteogenesis by bone marrow stromal cells maintained on type I collagen matrix gels in vivo (1997) Bone, 20, pp. 101-107; 
Wambach, B.A., Cheung, H., Josephson, G.D., Cartilage tissue engineering using thyroid chondrocytes on a type i collagen matrix (2000) Laryngoscope, 110, pp. 2008-2011; 
Rajpurohit, R., Koch, C.J., Tao, Z., Teixeira, C.M., Shapiro, I.M., Adaptation of chondrocytes to low oxygen tension: Relationship between hypoxia and cellular metabolism (1996) J Cell Physiol, 168, pp. 424-432; 
Schipani, E., Ryan, H.E., Didrickson, S., Kobayashi, T., Knight, M., Johnson, R.S., Hypoxia in cartilage: HIF-1 alpha is essential for chondrocyte growth arrest and survival (2001) Genes Dev, 15, pp. 2865-2876; 
Maes, C., Carmeliet, P., Moermans, K., Stockmans, I., Smets, N., Collen, D., Bouillon, R., Carmeliet, G., Impaired angiogenesis and endochondral bone formation in mice lacking the vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms VEGF164 and VEGF188 (2002) Mech Dev, 111, pp. 61-73; 
Petersen, W., Tsokos, M., Pufe, T., Expression of VEGF121 and VEGF165 in hypertrophic chondrocytes of the human growth plate and epiphyseal cartilage (2002) J Anat, 201, pp. 153-157; 
Oliveira, S.M., Amaral, I.F., Barbosa, M.A., Teixeira, C.C., Engineering endochondral bone: In vitro studies (2009) Tissue Eng, 15, pp. 625-634; 
Teixeira, C.C., Nemelivsky, Y., Karkia, C., Legeros, R.Z., Biphasic calcium phosphate: A scaffold for growth plate chondrocyte maturation (2006) Tissue Eng, 12, pp. 2283-2289; 
Oliveira, S.M., Turner, G., Mijares, D., Amaral, I.F., Barbosa, M.A., Teixeira, C.C., Engineering endochondral bone: In vivo studies (2009) Tissue Eng, 15, pp. 635-643; 
Hiraoka, Y., Kimura, Y., Ueda, H., Tabata, Y., Fabrication and biocompatibility of collagen sponge reinforced with poly(glycolic acid) fiber (2003) Tissue Eng, 9, pp. 1101-1112; 
Yost, M.J., Baicu, C.F., Stonerock, C.E., Terracio, L., A novel tubular scaffold for cardiovascular tissue engineering (2004) Tissue Eng, 10, pp. 273-284; 
Mow, V.C., Kuei, S.C., Lai, W.M., Armstrong, C.G., Biphasic creep and stress relaxation of articular cartilage in compression? Theory and experiments (1980) J Biomech Eng, 102, pp. 73-84; 
Iwamoto, M., Shapiro, I.M., Yagami, K., Boskey, A.L., Leboy, P.S., Adams, S.L., Pacifici, M., Retinoic acid induces rapid mineralization and expression of mineralization-related genes in chondrocytes (1993) Exp Cell Res, 207, pp. 413-420; 
Teixeira, C.C., Hatori, M., Leboy, P.S., Pacifici, M., Shapiro, I.M., A rapid and ultrasensitive method for measurement of DNA, calcium and protein content, and alkaline phosphatase activity of chondrocyte cultures (1995) Calcif Tissue Int, 56, pp. 252-256; 
Leboy, P.S., Vaias, L., Uschmann, B., Golub, E., Adams, S.L., Pacifici, M., Ascorbic acid induces alkaline phosphatase, type X collagen, and calcium deposition in cultured chick chondrocytes (1989) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264 (29), pp. 17281-17286; 
Whyte, M.P., Hypophosphatasia and the role of alkaline phosphatase in skeletal mineralization (1994) Endocr Rev, 15, pp. 439-461; 
Wang, W., Kirsch, T., Retinoic acid stimulates annexin-mediated growth plate chondrocyte mineralization (2002) J Cell Biol, 157, pp. 1061-1069; 
Chen, D., Zhao, M., Mundy, G.R., Bone morphogenetic proteins (2004) Growth Factors, 22, pp. 233-241; 
Gerstenfeld, L.C., Shapiro, F.D., Expression of bone-specific genes by hypertrophic chondrocytes: Implications of the complex functions of the hypertrophic chondrocyte during endochondral bone development (1996) J Cell Biochem, 62, pp. 1-9; 
Bianco, P., Cancedda, F.D., Riminucci, M., Cancedda, R., Bone formation via cartilage models: The "borderline" chondrocyte (1998) Matrix Biol, 17, pp. 185-192; 
De Bernard, B., Bianco, P., Bonucci, E., Costantini, M., Lunazzi, G.C., Martinuzzi, P., Modricky, C., Pollesello, P., Biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence that in cartilage an alkaline phosphatase is a Ca 2" - Binding glycoprotein (1986) J Cell Biol, 103, pp. 1615-1623; 
Galotto, M., Campanile, G., Robino, G., Cancedda, F.D., Bianco, P., Cancedda, R., Hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo further differentiation to osteoblast- Like cells and participate in the initial bone formation in developing chick embryo (1994) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 9 (8), pp. 1239-1249; 
Mark, M.P., Butler, W.T., Prince, C.W., Finkelman, R.D., Ruch, J.V., Developmental expression of 44-kDa bone phosphoprotein (osteopontin) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein (osteocalcin) in calcifying tissues of rat (1988) Differentiation, 37, pp. 123-136; 
Sims, C.D., Butler, P.E., Casanova, R., Lee, B.T., Randolph, M.A., Lee, W.P., Vacanti, C.A., Yaremchuk, M.J., Injectable cartilage using polyethylene oxide polymer substrates (1996) Plast Reconstr Surg, 98, pp. 843-850; 
Woodard, J.C., Donovan, G.A., Fisher, L.W., Pathogenesis of vitamin (A and D)-induced premature growth-plate closure in calves (1997) Bone, 27, pp. 171-182; 
Liao, E., Yaszemski, M., Krebsbach, P., Hollister, S., Tissue-engineered cartilage constructs using composite hyaluronic acid/ collagen I hydrogels and designed poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds (2007) Tissue Eng, 13, pp. 537-550; 
Gerstenfeld, L.C., Cruceta, J., Shea, C.M., Sampath, K., Barnes, G.L., Einhorn, T.A., Chondrocytes provide morphogenic signals that selectively induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (2002) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 17 (2), pp. 221-230
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {371 - 379},
	abstract = {Bone repair and regeneration is one of the most extensively studied areas in the field of tissue engineering. All of the current tissue engineering approaches to create bone focus on intramembranous ossification, ignoring the other mechanism of bone formation, endochondral ossification. We propose to create a transient cartilage template in vitro, which could serve as an intermediate for bone formation by the endochondral mechanism once implanted in vivo. The goals of the study are (1) to prepare and characterize type I collagen sponges as a scaffold for the cartilage template, and (2) to establish a method of culturing chondrocytes in type I collagen sponges and induce cell maturation. Collagen sponges were generated from a 1\% solution of type I collagen using a freeze/dry technique followed by UV light crosslinking. Chondrocytes isolated from two locations in chick embryo sterna were cultured in these sponges and treated with retinoic acid to induce chondrocyte maturation and extracellular matrix deposition. Material strength testing as well as microscopic and biochemical analyzes were conducted to evaluate the properties of sponges and cell behavior during the culture period. We found that our collagen sponges presented improved stiffness and supported chondrocyte attachment and proliferation. Cells underwent maturation, depositing an abundant extracellular matrix throughout the scaffold, expressing high levels of type X collagen, type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase. These results demonstrate that we have created a transient cartilage template with potential to direct endochondral bone formation after implantation. {\textcopyright} 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {alkaline phosphatase, animal cell, animal tissue, Animals, article, Biocompatible Materials, Body fluids, Bone, Bone and Bones, Bone Regeneration, Cartilage, cartilage cell, Cattle, Cell culture, cell maturation, chick embryo, Chondrocytes, Collagen, collagen implant, collagen type 1, collagen type 10, Compressive Strength, controlled study, embryo, enchondral ossification, Endochondral ossification, extracellular matrix, freeze drying, Humans, immunohistochemistry, Ligaments, materials testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, nonhuman, Phosphatases, protein cross linking, Protein Isoforms, retinoic acid, Scaffolds, Scanning electron microscopy, Stress, Mechanical, Tissue engineering, tissue scaffold, Type I collagen, Type X collagen, Ultraviolet radiation},
	isbn = {15493296 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77953822519\&partnerID=40\&md5=b16072278467a72588546ba56f337cc0},
	author = {Oliveira, S.M. and Ringshia, R.A. and Legeros, R.Z. and Clark, E. and Yost, M.J. and Terracio, L. and Teixeira, C.C.}
}
@article {2322,
	title = {Cancer cell angiogenic capability is regulated by 3D culture and integrin engagement},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 48Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: PNASAdoi: 10.1073/pnas.0808932106PubMed ID: 19126683Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Mooney, D. J.; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 40 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; email: mooneyd@seas.harvard.eduChemicals/CAS: arginylglycylaspartic acid, 99896-85-2; interleukin 8, 114308-91-7; vasculotropin, 127464-60-2; Hydrogels; Integrins; Interleukin-8; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AReferences: Debnath, J., Brugge, J.S., Modelling glandular epithelial cancers in 3-dimensional cultures (2005) Nat Rev Cancer, 5, pp. 675-688;Wang, F., Reciprocal interactions between β1-integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor in 3-dimensional basement membrane breast cultures: A different perspective in epithelial biology (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, pp. 14821-14826; 
Fischbach, C., Engineering tumors with 3D scaffolds (2007) Nat Methods, 4, pp. 855-860; 
Paszek, M.J., Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype (2005) Cancer Cell, 8, pp. 241-254; 
Hanahan, D., Weinberg, R.A., The hallmarks of cancer (2000) Cell, 100, pp. 57-70; 
De, S., VEGF-integrin interplay controls tumor growth and vascularization (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 102, pp. 7589-7594; 
Lowrie, A.G., Salter, D.M., Ross, J.A., Latent effects of fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, αvβ5 integrin, and the cytoskeleton regulate pancreatic carcinoma cell IL-8 secretion (2004) Br J Cancer, 91, pp. 1327-1334; 
Cukierman, E., Pankov, R., Stevens, D.R., Yamada, K.M., Taking cell matrix adhesions to the third dimension (2001) Science, 294, pp. 1708-1712; 
Rowley, J.A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 45-53; 
Lingen, M.W., Angiogenesis in the development of head and neck cancer and its inhibition by chemopreventive agents (1999) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 10, pp. 153-164; 
Fischbach, C., Mooney, D., Polymeric systems for bioinspired delivery of angiogenic molecules (2006) Adv Polym Sci, 203, pp. 191-221; 
Ruoslahti, E., Pierschbacher, M.D., New perspectives in cell adhesion: RGD and integrins (1987) Science, 238, pp. 491-497; 
Kong, H.J., Boontheekul, T., Mooney, D.J., Quantifying the relation between adhesion ligand-receptor bond formation and cell phenotype (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 103, pp. 18534-18539; 
Harris, A.L., Hypoxia: A key regulatory factor in tumour growth (2002) Nat Rev Cancer, 2, pp. 38-47; 
Xu, L., Hypoxia-induced elevation in interleukin-8 expression by human ovarian carcinoma cells (1999) Cancer Res, 59, pp. 5822-5829; 
Weaver, V.M., Reversion of the malignant phenotype of human breast cells in three-dimensional cultureandin vivo by integrin-blocking antibodies (1997) J Cell Biol, 137, pp. 231-245; 
Chung, J., Hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor transcription and protection from apoptosis are dependent on α6β1 integrin in breast carcinoma cells (2004) Cancer Res, 64, pp. 4711-4716; 
Ghosh, S., Three-dimensional culture of melanoma cells profoundly affects gene expression profile: A high density oligonucleotide array study (2005) J Cell Physiol, 204, pp. 522-531; 
De Larco, J.E., A potential role for interleukin-8 in the metastatic phenotype of breast carcinoma cells (2001) Am J Pathol, 158, pp. 639-646; 
Nemeth, Z.H., Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton results in nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory mediator production in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (2004) J Cell Physiol, 200, pp. 71-81; 
Xie, K., Interleukin-8 and human cancer biology (2001) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 12, pp. 375-391; 
Casanovas, O., Hicklin, D.J., Bergers, G., Hanahan, D., Drug resistance by evasion of antiangiogenic targeting of VEGF signaling in late-stage pancreatic islet tumors (2005) Cancer Cell, 8, pp. 299-309; 
Mizukami, Y., Induction of interleukin-8 preserves the angiogenic response in HIF-1α-deficient colon cancer cells (2005) Nat Med, 11, pp. 992-997; 
Esposito, I., Inflammatory cells contribute to the generation of an angiogenic phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2004) J Clin Pathol, 57, pp. 630-636; 
Ferrara, N., Henzel, W.J., Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells (1989) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 161, pp. 851-858; 
Gaertner, H.F., Offord, R.E., Site-specific attachment of functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) to the amino terminus of proteins (1996) Bioconjug Chem, 7, pp. 38-44; 
Goerges, A.L., Nugent, M.A., Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor binding and activity by extracellular pH (2003) J Biol Chem, 278, pp. 19518-19525; 
Kuschert, G.S., Identification of a glycosaminoglycan binding surface on human interleukin-8 (1998) Biochemistry, 37, pp. 11193-11201; 
Kerbel, R., Folkman, J., Clinical translation of angiogenesis inhibitors (2002) Nat Rev Cancer, 2, pp. 727-739; 
Fischbach, C., Mooney, D.J., Polymers for pro- and antiangiogenic therapy (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 2069-2076; 
Alsberg, E., Engineering growing tissues (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99, pp. 12025-12030; 
Simmons, C.A., Dual growth factor delivery and controlled scaffold degradation enhance in vivo bone formation by transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (2004) Bone, 35, pp. 562-569; 
Comisar, W.A., Kazmers, N.H., Mooney, D.J., Linderman, J.J., Engineering RGD nanopatterned hydrogels to control preosteoblast behavior: A combined computational and experimental approach (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 4409-4417; 
Alsberg, E., Regulating bone formation via controlled scaffold degradation (2003) J Dent Res, 82, pp. 903-908; 
Richardson, T.P., Peters, M.C., Ennett, A.B., Mooney, D.J., Polymeric system for dual growth factor delivery (2001) Nat Biotechnol, 19, pp. 1029-1034
},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {399 - 404},
	abstract = {Three-dimensional culture alters cancer cell signaling; however, the underlying mechanisms and importance of these changes on tumor vascularization remain unclear. A hydrogel system was used to examine the role of the transition from 2D to 3D culture, with and without integrin engagement, on cancer cell angiogenic capability. Three-dimensional culture recreated tumor microenvironmental cues and led to enhanced interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion that depended on integrin engagement with adhesion peptides coupled to the polymer. In contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was unaffected by 3D culture with or without substrate adhesion. IL-8 diffused greater distances and was present in higher concentrations in the systemic circulation, relative to VEGF. Implantation of a polymeric IL-8 delivery system into GFP bone marrow-transplanted mice revealed that localized IL-8 up-regulation was critical to both the local and systemic control of tumor vascularization in vivo. In summary, 3D integrin engagement within tumor microenvironments regulates cancer cell angiogenic signaling, and controlled local and systemic blockade of both IL-8 and VEGF signaling may improve antiangiogenic therapies. {\textcopyright} 2009 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.},
	keywords = {animal experiment, animal model, Animals, arginylglycylaspartic acid, article, bone marrow transplantation, cancer cell, cancer cell culture, Cell Culture Techniques, concentration (parameters), controlled study, cytokine release, Diffusion, Drug delivery, ECM, Humans, hydrogel, Hydrogels, IL-8, implantation, in vivo study, integrin, Integrins, interleukin 8, Interleukin-8, Mice, microenvironment, Models, Biological, mouse, Mus, Neoplasms, Neovascularization, Pathologic, nonhuman, polymer, priority journal, signal transduction, systemic circulation, Tumor vascularization, upregulation, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, vasculotropin},
	isbn = {00278424 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58849121351\&partnerID=40\&md5=acc07042d6f5801f7b704a3f355917cf},
	author = {Fischbach, C. and Hyun, J.K. and Hsiong, S.X. and Evangelista, M.B. and Yuen, W. and Mooney, D.J.}
}
@article {2415,
	title = {Cultivation of human embryonic stem cells without the embryoid body step enhances osteogenesis in vitro},
	journal = {Stem CellsStem Cells},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 80Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: STCEEdoi: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0383Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Langer, R.S.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, United States; email: rlanger@mit.eduChemicals/CAS: apatite, 64476-38-6; calcium, 7440-70-2; collagen, 9007-34-5; dexamethasone, 50-02-2; hydroxyapatite, 1306-06-5, 51198-94-8; phosphorus, 7723-14-0; alkaline phosphatase, 9001-78-9; calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5, 13767-12-9, 14358-97-5, 7758-87-4; osteocalcin, 136461-80-8; Alkaline Phosphatase, 3.1.3.1; Calcium Phosphates; Collagen, 9007-34-5; Osteocalcin, 104982-03-8; calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5References: Langer, R., Vacanti, J.P., Tissue engineering (1993) Science, 260, pp. 920-926;Alsberg, E., Anderson, K.W., Albeiruti, A., Cell-interactive alginate hydrogels for bone tissue engineering (2001) J Dent Res, 80, pp. 2025-2029; 
Bhatia, M., Derivation of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment from human embryonic stem cell lines (2005) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1044, pp. 24-28; 
Thomson, J.A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Shapiro, S.S., Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts (1998) Science, 282, pp. 1145-1147. , erratum in Science 1998 282:1827; 
Perlingeiro, R.C., Kyba, M., Daley, G.Q., Clonal analysis of differentiating embryonic stem cells reveals a hematopoietic progenitor with primitive erythroid and adult lymphoid-myeloid potential (2001) Development, 128, pp. 4597-4604; 
Zur Nieden, N.I., Kempka, G., Ahr, H.J., In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into mineralized osteoblasts (2003) Differentiation, 71, pp. 18-27; 
Bourne, S., Polak, J.M., Hughes, S.P., Osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells: Differential gene expression analysis by cDNA microarray and purification of osteoblasts by cadherin-11 magnetically activated cell sorting (2004) Tissue Eng, 10, pp. 796-806; 
Buttery, L.D., Bourne, S., Xynos, J.D., Differentiation of osteoblasts and in vitro bone formation from murine embryonic stem cells (2001) Tissue Eng, 7, pp. 89-99; 
Shimko, D.A., Burks, C.A., Dee, K.C., Comparison of in vitro mineralization by murine embryonic and adult stem cells cultured in an osteogenic medium (2004) Tissue Eng, 10, pp. 1386-1398; 
Bronson, S.K., Bone nodule formation via in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (2003) Methods Enzymol, 365, pp. 241-251; 
Sottile, V., Thomson, A., McWhir, J., In vitro osteogenic differentiation of human ES cells (2003) Cloning Stem Cells, 5, pp. 149-155; 
Bielby, R.C., Boccaccini, A.R., Polak, J.M., In vitro differentiation and in vivo mineralization of osteogenic cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (2004) Tissue Eng, 10, pp. 1518-1525; 
Cao, T., Heng, B.C., Ye, C.P., Osteogenic differentiation within intact human embryoid bodies result in a marked increase in osteocalcin secretion after 12 days of in vitro culture, and formation of morphologically distinct nodule-like structures (2005) Tissue Cell, 37, pp. 325-334; 
Ginis, I., Luo, Y., Miura, T., Differences between human and mouse embryonic stem cells (2004) Dev Biol, 269, pp. 360-380; 
Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Schuldiner, M., Karsenti, D., Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into embryoid bodies compromising the three embryonic germ layers (2000) Mol Med, 6, pp. 88-95; 
Keller, G.M., In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (1995) Curr Opin Cell Biol, 7, pp. 862-869; 
Yamada, T., Yoshikawa, M., Kanda, S., In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells identified by cellular uptake of indocyanine green (2002) Stem Cells, 20, pp. 146-154; 
Aubin, J.E., Osteoprogenitor cell frequency in rat bone marrow stromal populations: Role for heterotypic cell-cell interactions in osteoblast differentiation (1999) J Cell Biochem, 72, pp. 396-410; 
Sarugaser, R., Lickorish, D., Baksh, D., Human umbilical cord perivascular (HUCPV) cells: A source of mesenchymal progenitors (2005) Stem Cells, 23, pp. 220-229; 
Komori, T., Yagi, H., Nomura, S., Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts (1997) Cell, 89, pp. 755-764; 
Bonewald, L.F., Harris, S.E., Rosser, J., Von Kossa staining alone is not sufficient to confirm that mineralization in vitro represents bone formation (2003) Calcif Tissue Int, 72, pp. 537-547; 
Amit, M., Carpenter, M.K., Inokuma, M.S., Clonally derived human embryonic stem cell lines maintain pluripotency and proliferative potential for prolonged periods of culture (2000) Dev Biol, 227, pp. 271-278; 
Karp, J.M., Shoichet, M.S., Davies, J.E., Bone formation on two-dimensional poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) films and three-dimensional PLGA tissue engineering scaffolds in vitro (2003) J Biomed Mater Res, 64 A, pp. 388-396; 
Maniatopoulos, C., Sodek, J., Melcher, A.H., Bone formation in vitro by stromal cells obtained from bone marrow of young adult rats (1988) Cell Tissue Res, 254, pp. 317-330; 
Davies, J.E., In vitro modeling of the bone/implant interface (1996) Anat Rec, 245, pp. 426-445; 
Slizova, D., Krs, O., Pospisilova, B., Alternative method of rapid drying vascular specimens for scanning electron microscopy (2003) J Endovasc Ther, 10, pp. 285-287; 
Purpura, K.A., Aubin, J.E., Zandstra, P.W., Two-color image analysis discriminates between mineralized and unmineralized bone nodules in vitro (2003) Biotechniques, 34, pp. 1188-1192. , 1194, 1196 passim; 
Purpura, K.A., Aubin, J.E., Zandstra, P.W., Sustained in vitro expansion of bone progenitors is cell density dependent (2004) Stem Cells, 22, pp. 39-50; 
Klimanskaya, I., Chung, Y., Meisner, L., Human embryonic stem cells derived without feeder cells (2005) Lancet, 365, pp. 1636-1641; 
Draper, J.S., Pigott, C., Thomson, J.A., Surface antigens of human embryonic stem cells: Changes upon differentiation in culture (2002) J Anat, 200, pp. 249-258; 
Aubin, J.E., Liu, F., Malaval, L., Osteoblast and chondroblast differentiation (1995) Bone, 17, pp. 77S-83S; 
Aubin, J.E., Bone stem cells (1998) J Cell Biochem Suppl, 30-31, pp. 73-82; 
Schmitt, B., Ringe, J., Haupl, T., BMP2 initiates chondrogenic lineage development of adult human mesenchymal stem cells in high-density culture (2003) Differentiation, 71, pp. 567-577; 
Lian, J.B., McKee, M.D., Todd, A.M., Induction of bone-related proteins, osteocalcin and osteopontin, and their matrix ultrastructural localization with development of chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro (1993) J Cell Biochem, 52, pp. 206-219; 
Wei, C.L., Miura, T., Robson, P., Transcriptome profiling of human and murine ESCs identifies divergent paths required to maintain the stem cell state (2005) Stem Cells, 23, pp. 166-185; 
Heng, B.C., Cao, T., Stanton, L.W., Strategies for directing the differentiation of stem cells into the osteogenic lineage in vitro (2004) J Bone Miner Res, 19, pp. 1379-1394
},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {835 - 843},
	abstract = {Osteogenic cultures of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are predominately derived from three-dimensional cell spheroids called embryoid bodies (EBs). An alternative method that has been attempted and merits further attention avoids EBs through the immediate separation of ESC colonies into single cells. However, this method has not been well characterized and the effect of omitting the EB step is unknown. Herein, we report that culturing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) without the EB stage leads to a sevenfold greater number of osteogenic cells and to spontaneous bone nodule formation after 10-12 days. In contrast, when hESCs were differentiated as EBs for 5 days followed by plating of single cells, bone nodules formed after 4 weeks only in the presence of dexamethasone. Furthermore, regardless of the inclusion of EBs, bone matrix formed, including cement line matrix and mineralized collagen, which displayed apatitic mineral (PO                        4) with calcium-to-phosphorous ratios similar to those of hydroxyapatite and human bone. Together these results demonstrate that culturing hESCs without an EB step can be used to derive large quantities of functional osteogenic cells for bone tissue engineering. {\textcopyright}AlphaMed Press.
},
	keywords = {alkaline phosphatase, Apatite, article, bone development, bone growth, bone matrix, bone mineralization, Bone tissue engineering, Calcium, calcium phosphate, Calcium phosphates, Cell Culture Techniques, cell differentiation, cell separation, Collagen, collagen synthesis, culture technique, cytology, dexamethasone, embryo, embryo culture, Embryoid bodies, embryonic stem cell, extracellular matrix, human, human cell, human embryo, Human embryonic stem cells, Humans, hydroxyapatite, in vitro study, Matrix characterization, metabolism, methodology, ossification, osteocalcin, Osteogenesis, Osteogenic cell frequency, phosphorus, spheroid cell, Tissue engineering, totipotent stem cell, Totipotent Stem Cells},
	isbn = {10665099 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745504422\&partnerID=40\&md5=214785ea9403886207b058cb87570338},
	author = {Karp, J.M. and Ferreira, L.S. and Khademhosseini, A. and Kwon, A.H. and Yeh, J. and Langer, R.S.}
}
@article {2559,
	title = {Self-assembly and surface structure of an amphiphilic graft copolymer, polystyrene-graft-ω-stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide)},
	journal = {Journal of Colloid and Interface ScienceJ. Colloid Interface Sci.},
	volume = {224},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 12Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JCISAdoi: 10.1006/jcis.2000.6729Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Laboratorio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: jian@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: macrogol, 25322-68-3; polystyrene, 9003-53-6; stearic acid, 57-11-4, 646-29-7References: Brash, J.L., (1983) Biocompatible Polymer, Metals and Composites, p. 35. , M. Szycher. Lancaster: Technomic;Gombotz, W.R., Guanghui, W., Horbett, T.A., Hoffman, A.S., (1991) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 25, p. 1547; 
Munro, M.S., Quattrone, A.J., Ellsworth, S.R., Kulkarni, P., Eberhart, R.C., (1981) Trans. ASAIO, 17, p. 499; 
Grasel, T.G., Pierce, J.A., Cooper, S.L., (1987) J. Biomed. Mater. Sci., 21, p. 815; 
Duncan, A.C., Sefton, M.V., Brash, J.L., (1997) Biomaterials, 18, p. 1585; 
Keogh, J.R., Velander, F.F., Eaton, W., (1992) J. Biomed. Mater. Sci., 26, p. 441; 
Lee, J.H., Jeong, B.J., Lee, H.B., (1997) J. Biomed. Mater. Sci., 34, p. 105; 
Bots, J.G.F., Van Der Does, L., Bentjes, A., (1986) Biomaterials, 7, p. 393; 
Osterberg, E., Holmberg, K., Schuman, T.P., Riggs, J.A., Burns, N.L., Van Alstine, J.M., Harris, J.M., (1995) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 29, p. 741; 
Hubbell, J.A., (1997) Polym. Prepr., 38, p. 528; 
Harris, J.M., (1997) Polym. Prepr., 38, p. 520; 
Qiu, Y.X., Yu, X.J., Feng, L.X., (1992) Markromol. Chem., 173, p. 1377; 
Neumann, A.W., Good, R.J., (1979) Surface and Colloid Science, Vol. 11, Experimental Methods, p. 31. , R. J. Good, \& R. R. Stromberg. New York: Plenum Press; 
Ji, J., Feng, L., Qiu, Y., Yu, X., (1998) Macromol. Rapid Commun., 19, p. 473; 
Cameron, G.G., (1989) Comprehensive Polymer Science, Polymer Characterization, p. 517. , S. G. Allen. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Andrade, J.D., Ma., S.M., (1979) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 12, p. 488; 
Ranter, B.D., (1985) Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers Vol.1, p. 374. , J. D. Andrade. New York: Plenum Press; 
Takahara, A., Jo, N.J., Kajiyama, T., (1989) J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 1, p. 17; 
Lide, D.R., (1996) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, , D. R. Lider. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 
Van Oss, C.J., (1994) Interfacial Forces in Aqueous Media, pp. 170-177. , C. J. Van Oss. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 
Gombotz, W.R., Guanhui, W., Horebett, T.A., Hoffman, A.S., (1992) Poly(ethylene Glycol) Chemistry: Biotechnical and Biomedical Application, pp. 247-261. , J. M. Harris. New York: Plenum Press; 
Wu, D., Jian, K., (1995) Sci. China (B), 25, p. 1121; 
Wu, D., Jian, K., (1995) Sci. China (B), 26, p. 409; 
Ji, J., Feng, L., Qiu, Y., Yu, X., Polymer, , in press; 
Hester, J.F., Banerjee, P., Mayes, A.M., (1999) Macromolecules, 32, p. 1643
},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {255 - 260},
	abstract = {Surface properties of the polystyrene-graft-ω-stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle, and spin probe techniques. The XPS results indicate that the surface and bulk composition of the PS-g-SPEO copolymers differ remarkably from each other. The stearyl and EO components enrich at the copolymer/air interfaces due to the self-assembly of the stearyl groups. At the PS-g-SPEO-72.6 surface (the x in PS-g-SPEO-x indicates the bulk density of the SPEO in wt\%), the self- assembly of the hydrophobic stearyl groups is strong enough to form a stable liquid crystalline phase as indicated by DSC. At polymer/water interfaces, PS-g-SPEO-72.6 presents a hydrophilic surface with low PEO mobility, whereas PS-g-SPEO-50.6 and PS-g-SPEO-31.0 present the hydrophobic surface with high PEO mobility. The two different types of the surfaces, with different characters in surface energy, surface mobility of PEO, and surface architecture of SPEO, will be quite valuable as models for detecting the synergistic action of the PEO chains and the stearyl groups (specific ligand for albumin binding) in protein solutions. (C) 2000 Academic Press.},
	keywords = {Amphiphilic copolymer, article, biomaterial, copolymer, crystal, differential scanning calorimetry, electron microscopy, electron spin resonance, hydrophobicity, macrogol, polystyrene, priority journal, protein assembly, protein binding, protein structure, Self-assembly, stearic acid, Surface structure, X ray analysis},
	isbn = {00219797 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034655268\&partnerID=40\&md5=1628a0cfec8d5ced3e11c87d74ceae44},
	author = {Ji, J. and Feng, L. and Qiu, Y. and Yu, X. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2581,
	title = {ESR spectroscopy to determine the molecular mobility of poly(ethylene oxide) grafts in amphiphilic graft copolymers},
	journal = {Macromolecular Rapid CommunicationsMacromol. Rapid Commun.},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: MRCOELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; INEB-mat, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150 Porto, PortugalReferences: Bots, J.G.F., Van Der Does, L., Bentjes, A., (1986) Biomaterials, 7, p. 393;Osterberg, E., Holmberg, K., Schuman, T.P., Riggs, J.A., Burns, N.L., Van Alstine, J.M., Harris, J.M., (1995) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 29, p. 741; 
Hubbell, J.A., (1997) Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.), 38, p. 528; 
Harris, J.M., (1997) Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.), 38, p. 520; 
Grainger, D.W., Okano, T., Kim, S.W., (1989) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 132, p. 161; 
Qiu, Y.X., Yu, X.J., Feng, L.X., Yang, S.L., (1992) Makromol. Chem., 193, p. 1377; 
Qiu, Y.X., Yu, X.J., Feng, L.X., Yang, S.L., (1992) Chin. J. Polym. Sci., 13, p. 112; 
Ranter, B.D., Graft Copolymer and Block Copolymer Surface (1985) Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers, 1, p. 374. , J. D. Andrade, Ed., Plenum Press, New York; 
Andrade, J.D., Gregonis, D.E., Smith, L.M., Polymer surface dynamic (1985) Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers, 1, p. 15. , J. D. Andrade, Ed., Plenum Press, New York; 
Liu, S.Q., Ito, Y., Imanish, Y., (1989) J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed., 1, p. 111; 
Jeon, S.I., Lee, J.H., Andrade, J.D., De Gennes, P.G., (1991) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 142, p. 149; 
Takahara, A., Jo, N.J., Kajiyama, T., (1989) J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed., 1, p. 17; 
Cameron, G.G., ESR Spectroscopy (1989) Comprehensive Polymer Science, Polymer Characterization, p. 517. , S. G. Allen, Ed; 
Hudson, A., Luckhurst, G.R., (1969) Chem. Rev., 69, p. 191; 
Neumann, A.W., Good, R.J., (1974) Surf. Colloid Sci., 4, p. 105; 
Caldararu, H., Caragheorgheopol, A., Donescu, D., Joela, H., (1994) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 173, p. 486
},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {473 - 477},
	abstract = {The ethylene oxide (EO) mobility in polystyrene-graft-[poly(ethylene oxide)] (PS-g-PEO) and polystyrene-graft-[stearyl poly(ethylene oxide)] (PS-g-SPEO) copolymers was evaluated by spin probe techniques. The ESR spectra indicate that 4-hydroxyl-TEMPO (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) is strongly biased to the PEO phase of the PS-g-(S)PEO membranes. The rotational correlation time τ                        c can also be employed to assess the PEO mobility in PS-g-(S)PEO membranes. Although τ
                        c of PS-g-(S)PEO usually decreases with increasing surface density of EO, it is of interest that τ
                        c is rather high when the surface within a depth of at least 5 nm is fully occupied by SPEO (sample PS-g-SPEO-72.6).
},
	isbn = {10221336 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032352685\&partnerID=40\&md5=2d915a1de24f503ed01fc4c5ee85e639},
	author = {Ji, J. and Feng, L. and Qiu, Y. and Yu, X.}
}
