



@article {3306,
	title = {Sensory neurons and osteoblasts: Close partners in a microfluidic platform},
	journal = {Integrative Biology (United Kingdom)},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {586 - 595},
	abstract = {Innervation has proven to be critical in bone homeostasis/regeneration due to the effect of soluble factors, produced by nerve fibers, associated with changes in the activity of bone cells. Thus, in this study, we have established and characterized a coculture system comprising sensory neurons and osteoblasts to mimic the in vivo scenario where nerve fibers can be found in a bone microenvironment. Embryonic or adult primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were cocultured in compartmentalized microfluidic platforms and morphological and functional tests were performed. The time of adhesion and readout of axonal outgrowth were improved by the alignment of DRG with the axis of microgrooves, which showed to be a crucial step for the designed experiments. Cocultures of entire DRG from adult origin with osteoblasts were performed, showing extended DRG projections towards the axonal compartment, reaching osteoblastic cells. Immunocytochemistry showed that the neurites present within the osteoblastic compartment were immunoreactive to synapsin and calcitonin gene-related peptide suggesting the presence of specialized structures involved in this crosstalk. This evidence was further confirmed by electron microscopy where varicosities were detected as well as electron dense structures in neurite membranes. Aiming to mimic the properties of tissue extracellular matrices, MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded in the axonal side upon laminin, collagen or within 3D functionalized alginate matrices and axonal outgrowth was clearly observed. In order to analyze and quantify data with reproducible image analysis, a semi-automated algorithm was also developed. The collagen and laminin substrates displayed a higher amount of axons reaching the axonal side. Overall, the established method revealed to be a suitable tool to study the interaction between the peripheral nervous system and bone cells in different contexts mimicking the in vivo scenario. {\textcopyright} 2014 the Partner Organisations 2014.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901624359\&partnerID=40\&md5=0ca57755478aaa339ef3b3cc61479fc3},
	author = {Neto, E. and Alves, C.J. and Sousa, D.M. and Alencastre, I.S. and Louren{\c c}o, A.H. and Leit{\~a}o, L. and Ryu, H.R. and Jeon, N.L. and Fernandes, R. and Aguiar, P. and Almeida, R.D. and Lamghari, M.}
}
@article {2258,
	title = {Neuropeptide y and osteoblast differentiation - The balance between the neuro-osteogenic network and local control: Review Article},
	journal = {FEBS JournalFEBS J.},
	volume = {277},
	year = {2010},
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},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {3664 - 3674},
	abstract = {Accumulating evidence has contributed to a novel view in bone biology: bone remodeling, specifically osteoblast differentiation, is under the tight control of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Among other players in this neuro-osteogenic network, the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has attracted particular attention. At the central nervous system level, NPY exerts its function in bone homeostasis through the hypothalamic Y2 receptor. Locally in the bone, NPY action is mediated by its Y1 receptor. Besides the presence of Y1, a complex network exists locally: not only there is input of the peripheral nervous system, as the bone is directly innervated by NPY-containing fibers, but there is also input from non-neuronal cells, including bone cells capable of NPY expression. The interaction of these distinct players to achieve a multilevel control system of bone homeostasis is still under debate. In this review, we will integrate the current knowledge on the impact of the NPY system in bone biology, and discuss the mechanisms through which the balance between central and the peripheral NPY action might be achieved. {\textcopyright} 2010 FEBS.},
	keywords = {Animals, Bone and Bones, bone cell, bone innervation, bone mass, cell differentiation, Homeostasis, Humans, immunoreactivity, leptin, Nerve Net, neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide Y receptor, neuropeptide Y2 receptor, nonhuman, NPY, NPY receptors, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, phenotype, priority journal, protein expression, protein interaction, Protein Isoforms, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y, review},
	isbn = {1742464X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956337408\&partnerID=40\&md5=2d7cd3f7e81e95ea895958fff6902b28},
	author = {Franquinho, F. and Liz, M.A. and Nunes, A.F. and Neto, E. and Lamghari, M. and Sousa, M.M.}
}
