



@article {3271,
	title = {An evaluation of the latest in vitro tools for drug metabolism studies},
	journal = {Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {103 - 119},
	abstract = {Introduction: Drugs are indispensable for human welfare nevertheless there is a lack of safe drugs. Obtaining pharmacokinetics information, especially metabolism, is a requirement during preclinical and clinical drug development so that in vitro tools represent a simple path where it is possible to assess drug toxicity and predict drug safety in humans. Areas covered: This review covers the latest in vitro tools developed for assessing drug toxicity in different organs. A special focus is given to hepatic models, as it is the main organ responsible for drug metabolism and consequently bioactivation and detoxification reactions. Three-dimensional culture models have been widely developed, resembling in vivo-like conditions, and are also discussed in this review. Expert opinion: Several in vitro tools to assess hepatic drug metabolism have been developed, however, novel in vitro methods to investigate extra-hepatic drug metabolism still need to be improved. These methods are able to reduce the number of animal used in preclinical experiments, but in vivo tests are mandatory for drug approval and commercialization. {\textcopyright} 2014 Informa UK, Ltd.},
	keywords = {Hepatic metabolism, in vitro models, Intestinal metabolism, Pulmonary metabolism, Renal metabolism},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84890346695\&partnerID=40\&md5=24208bee91a909d1e0e4882b6f2da4b6},
	author = {Costa, A. and Sarmento, B. and Seabra, V.}
}
@article {3281,
	title = {Stability study perspective of the effect of freeze-drying using cryoprotectants on the structure of insulin loaded into PLGA nanoparticles},
	journal = {Biomacromolecules},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {3753 - 3765},
	abstract = {This work aimed to evaluate the influence of a freeze-drying process using different cryoprotectants on the structure of insulin loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and to assess the stability of these nanoparticles upon 6 months of storage following ICH guidelines. Insulin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with a size around 450 nm were dehydrated using a standard freeze-drying cycle, using trehalose, glucose, sucrose, fructose, and sorbitol at 10\% (w/v) as cryoprotectants. All formulations, except those nonadded of cryoprotectant and added with trehalose, collapsed after freeze-drying. The addition of cryoprotectants increased the nanoparticles stability upon storage. FTIR results showed that insulin maintained its structure after encapsulation in about 88\%, decreasing to 71\% after freeze-drying. The addition of cryoprotectants prior to freeze-drying increased insulin structural stability an average of up to 79\%. Formulations collapsed after freeze-drying showed better protein stabilization upon storage, in special sorbitol added formulation, preserving 76, 80, and 78\% of insulin structure at 4 {\textdegree}C, 25 {\textdegree}C/60\% RH, and 40 {\textdegree}C/75\% RH, respectively. Principal component analysis also showed that the sorbitol-added formulation showed the most similar insulin structural modifications among the tested storage conditions. These findings suggested that regarding nanoparticles stability, cryoprotectants are versatile to be used in a standard freeze-drying, however they present different performances on the stabilization of the loaded protein. Thus, on the freeze-drying of the nanoparticles field, this work gives rise to the importance of the process of optimization, searching for a balance between a good obtainable cake with an optimal structural stabilization of the loaded protein.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907968489\&partnerID=40\&md5=15b0a74cf97f04ed887f86b7ad1c45a2},
	author = {Fonte, P. and Soares, S. and Sousa, F. and Costa, A. and Seabra, V. and Reis, S. and Sarmento, B.}
}
@article {2860,
	title = {Comparison of real beat-to-beat signals with commercially available 4 Hz sampling on the evaluation of foetal heart rate variability},
	journal = {Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {665 - 676},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84877784836\&partnerID=40\&md5=cfdde94007fba73e03e51da6af74b995},
	author = {Gon{\c c}alves, H. and Costa, A. and Ayres-de-Campos, D. and Costa-Santos, C. and Rocha, A.P. and Bernardes, J.}
}
@article {2845,
	title = {Effect of freeze-drying, cryoprotectants and storage conditions on the stability of secondary structure of insulin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles},
	journal = {International Journal of Pharmaceutics},
	volume = {456},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {370 - 381},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84886730036\&partnerID=40\&md5=2214d57803df6679f944d2ebba4fa477},
	author = {Soares, S. and Fonte, P. and Costa, A. and Andrade, J. and Seabra, V. and Ferreira, D. and Reis, S. and Sarmento, B.}
}
@article {2238,
	title = {The limits of agreement and the intraclass correlation coefficient may be inconsistent in the interpretation of agreement},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyJ. Clin. Epidemiol.},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 13Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JCEPEdoi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.11.010PubMed ID: 20189765Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Costa-Santos, C.; Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hern{\^a}ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; email: csantos@med.up.ptReferences: De Vet, H., Observer reliability and agreement (1999) Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, pp. 3123-3127;Ayres-De-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Costa-Pereira, A., Pereira-Leite, L., Inconsistencies in expert{\textquoteright}s classification of cardiotocograms and subsequent clinical decision (1999) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 106, pp. 1307-1310; 
Santos, C.C., Pereira, C.A., Bernardes, J., Agreement studies in obstetrics and gynaecology: Inappropriateness, controversies and consequences (2005) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 112, pp. 667-669; 
Luiz, R.R., Szklo, M., More than one statistical strategy to assess agreement of quantitative measurements may usefully be reported (2003) J Clin Epidemiol, 56, pp. 963-967; 
Bland, J.M., Altman, D.G., Statistical methods for assessing two methods of clinical measurement (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 307-310; 
Bartko, J.J., The intraclass correlation coefficient as a measure of reliability (1966) Psychol Rep, 19, pp. 3-11; 
Muller, R., Buttner, P., A critical discussion of intraclass correlation coefficients (1994) Stat Med, 13, pp. 2465-2476; 
Burdock, E., Fleiss, J.L., Hardesty, A.S., A new view of interobserver agreement (1963) Person Psychol, 16, pp. 373-384; 
Casey, B.M., McLntire, D.D., Leveno, K.J., The continuing value of the Apgar score for the assessment of newborn infants (2001) N Engl J Med, 344, pp. 467-471; 
Van De Riet, J.E., Vandenbussche, F.P., Le Cessie, S., Keirse, M.J., Newborn assessment and long-term adverse outcome: A systematic review (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 180, pp. 1024-1029; 
Shrout, P.E., Fleiss, J.L., Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability (1979) Psychol Bull, 86, pp. 420-427; 
Fleiss, J.U., Davies, M., Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters (1971) Psychol Bull, 76, pp. 378-382; 
Carpenter, J., Bithell, J., Bootstrap confidence intervals: When, which, what? A practical guide for medical statisticians (2000) Stat Med, 19, pp. 1141-1164; 
Landis, J.R., Koch, G.G., The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data (1977) Biometrics, 33, pp. 159-174
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {264 - 269},
	abstract = {Objective: To compare the interpretation of agreement in the prediction of neonatal outcome variables, using the limits of agreement (LA) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Study Design and Setting: Three obstetricians were asked to predict neonatal outcomes independently based on the evaluation of intrapartum cardiotocographic tracings. Interobserver agreement was assessed with the LA and the ICC, and the results obtained were interpreted by six clinicians and six statisticians on a scale that established agreement as very poor, poor, fair, good, or very good. Results: Interpretation of the LA results was less consensual than the ICC results, with proportions of agreement of 0.36 (95\% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-0.44) vs. 0.63 (95\% CI: 0.54-0.73), respectively. LA results suggested a fair to good agreement among obstetricians, whereas interpretation of ICC results suggested a poor to fair agreement. LA results were more plausible with reality, suggesting that obstetricians predicted neonatal outcomes better than randomly generated values, whereas it was not always the case with the ICC. Conclusions: LA and ICC can provide inconsistent results in agreement studies. Accordingly, in the absence of better strategies to assess agreement, both should be used for this purpose, but their results need to be interpreted with caution keeping their respective limitations in mind. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Agreement, Apgar score, Cardiotocography, correlation coefficient, Female, Fetal Blood, human, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Infant, Newborn, intrapartum care, limit of agreement, newborn assessment, normal human, observer variation, Obstetrics, outcome variable, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, priority journal, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, review, statistical data interpretation, statistical parameters, Umbilical Arteries, Umbilical artery blood pH, umbilical cord blood},
	isbn = {08954356 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78751646336\&partnerID=40\&md5=a64bd277d4122b8ce3affa5f3d5d68a5},
	author = {Costa-Santos, C. and Bernardes, J. and Ayres-de-Campos, D. and Costa, A. and Costa, C.}
}
@article {2257,
	title = {Access to computerised analysis of intrapartum cardiotocographs improves clinicians{\textquoteright} prediction of newborn umbilical artery blood pH},
	journal = {BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 3Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIOGFdoi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02645.xPubMed ID: 20618316Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Costa, A.; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetr{\'\i}cia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; email: cosantonia@gmail.comReferences: Ayres-De-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Costa-Pereira, A., Pereira-Leite, L., Inconsistencies in classification by experts of cardiotocograms and subsequent clinical decision (1999) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 106, pp. 1307-10;Donker, D.K., Van Geijn, H.P., Hasman, A., Interobserver variation in the assessment of fetal heart rate recordings (1993) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 52, pp. 21-8; 
Paneth, N., Bommarito, M., Stricker, J., Electronic fetal monitoring and later outcome (1993) Clin Invest Med, 16, pp. 159-65; 
Bernardes, J., Moura, C., Marques-De-S{\'a}, J.P., Pereira-Leite, L., The Porto system for automated cardiotocographic signal analysis (1991) J Perinat Med, 19, pp. 61-5; 
Ayres-De-Campos, D., Sousa, P., Costa, A., Bernardes, J., Omniview-SisPorto {\textregistered} 3.5 - A central fetal monitoring station with online alerts based on computerized cardiotocogram+ST event analysis (2008) J Perinat Med, 36, pp. 260-4; 
Costa, A., Ayres-De-Campos, D., Costa, F., Santos, C., Bernardes, J., Prediction of neonatal acidemia by computer analysis of fetal heart rate and ST event signals (2009) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 201, pp. 464e1-6. , Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]; 
Westerhuis, M., Van Horen, E., Kwee, A., Van Dertweel, I., Visser, G., Moons, K., Inter- and intra-observer agreement of intrapartum ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram in women monitored by STAN (2009) BJOG, 116, pp. 545-51; 
Ayres-De-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Marsalb, K., Nickelsen, C., Makarainend, L., Banfield, P., Can the reproducibility of fetal heart rate baseline estimation be improved? (2004) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 112, pp. 49-54; 
Huch, A., Huch, C., Rooth, G., Guidelines for blood sampling and measurement of pH and blood gas values in Obstetrics (1994) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 54, pp. 165-75; 
Umbilical artery blood acid-base analysis (1996) Int J Gynecol Obstet, 52, pp. 305-10. , ACOG technical bulletin; 
Westgate, J., Garibaldi, J.M., Greene, K.R., Umbilical cord blood gas analysis at delivery: A time for quality data (1994) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 101, pp. 1054-63; 
Costa-Santos, C., Costa Pereira, A., Bernardes, J., Agreement studies in obstetrics and gynaecology: Inappropriateness, controversies and consequences (2005) BJOG, 112, pp. 667-9; 
Bland, J.M., Altman, D.G., Agreement between methods of measurement with multiple observations per individual (2007) J Biopharm Stat, 17, pp. 571-82; 
Chauhan, S.P., Klauser, C.K., Woodring, T.C., Sanderson, M., Magann, E.F., Morrison, J.C., Intrapartum nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing and prediction of adverse outcomes: Interobserver variability (2008) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 199, pp. 623e1-e5; 
Nielsen, P.V., Stigsby, B., Nickelsen, C., Nim, J., The value of computer assessment compared with visual assessment (1988) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 67, pp. 461-464
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {1288 - 1293},
	abstract = {Objective To evaluate the impact of access to computerised cardiotocograph (CTG) analysis on reproducibility and accuracy of clinicians{\textquoteright} predictions of umbilical artery blood pH (UAB pH) and 5-minute Apgar score. Design Prospective evaluation of pre-recorded cases. Setting A tertiary-care university hospital. Population From databases of intrapartum CTGs acquired in singleton term pregnancies, 204 tracings with low signal loss and short time interval to delivery were consecutively selected. Methods Tracings were randomly assigned to computer analysis by the Omniview-SisPorto 3.5                        {\textregistered} system (study group n = 104) or to no analysis (control group n = 100). Three experienced clinicians evaluated all tracing printouts independently and were asked to predict the newborns{\textquoteright} UAB pH and 5-minute Apgar scores from them. Main outcome measures Interobserver agreement (measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) and accuracy in prediction of neonatal outcomes with 95\% CI. Results Agreement on prediction of UAB pH was significantly higher in the study group (ICC = 0.70; 95\% CI 0.61-0.77) than in the control group (ICC = 0.43; 95\% CI 0.21-0.60), and a trend towards better agreement was also seen in estimation of 5-minute Apgar scores (ICC = 0.55; 95\% CI 0.38-0.68 versus ICC = 0.43; 95\% CI 0.25-0.57). Observers predicted UAB pH values correctly within a 0.10 margin in 70\% of cases in the study group (95\% CI 0.61-0.79) versus 46\% in the control group (95\% CI 0.35-0.56). They predicted 5-minute Apgar scores within a margin of one in 81\% of cases in the study group (95\% CI 0.73-0.88) and in 70\% of cases in the control group (95\% CI 0.61-0.79). Conclusions Prediction of UAB pH is more reproducible and accurate when clinicians have access to computerised analysis of CTGs. {\textcopyright} RCOG 2010 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
},
	keywords = {access to information, Apgar score, arterial pH, article, Cardiotocography, clinical competence, computer analysis, computerised analysis, controlled study, delivery, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, diagnostic accuracy, Female, Fetal Blood, Fetal heart rate, Fetal monitoring, Gestational Age, human, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Infant, Newborn, male, neonatal acidaemia, Neonatology, newborn, observer variation, outcome assessment, prediction, Pregnancy, priority journal, Prospective Studies, prospective study, reproducibility, Umbilical Arteries, umbilical artery, university hospital},
	isbn = {14700328 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955794381\&partnerID=40\&md5=49e6cf80fa55cf7009fcb9ccec497ab2},
	author = {Costa, A. and Santos, C. and Ayres-de-Campos, D. and Costa, C. and Bernardes, J.}
}
@article {2294,
	title = {Prediction of neonatal acidemia by computer analysis of fetal heart rate and ST event signals},
	journal = {American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 9Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: AJOGAdoi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.033PubMed ID: 19539895Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Costa, A.; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetr{\'\i}cia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital S. Jo{\~a}oPortugal; email: cosantonia@gmail.comReferences: (2006) Perinatal Mortality Surveillance 2004: England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, , CEMACH (Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health), Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health, London, UK;(1997) 4th annual report, , CESDI (Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy), Maternal and Child Health Research Consortium, London, UK; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Costa-Pereira, A., Pereira-Leite, L., Inconsistencies in classification by experts of cardiotocograms and subsequent clinical decision (1999) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 106, pp. 1307-1310; 
Paneth, N., Bommarito, M., Stricker, J., Electronic fetal monitoring and later outcome (1993) Clin Invest Med, 16, pp. 159-165; 
Bernardes, J., Costa-Pereira, A., Ayres-de-Campos, D., van Geijn, H.P., Pereira-Leite, L., Evaluation of interobserver agreement of cardiotocograms (1997) Int J Gynecol Obstet, 57, pp. 33-37; 
Donker, D.K., van Geijn, H.P., Hasman, A., Interobserver variation in the assessment of fetal heart rate recordings (1993) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 52, pp. 21-28; 
Neilson, J.P., Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3; 
Doria, V., Papageorghiou, A., Gustafsson, A., Ugwumadu, A., Farrer, K., Arulkumaran, S., Review of the first 1502 cases of ECG-ST waveform analysis during labour in a teaching hospital (2007) BJOG, 114, pp. 1202-1207; 
Westerhuis, M., Kwee, A., van Ginkel, A., Drogtrop, A., Gyselaers, W., Visser, G., Limitations of ST analysis in clinical practice: three cases of intrapartum metabolic acidosis (2007) BJOG, 114, pp. 1194-1201; 
Amer-Wahlin, I., Arulkumaran, S., Hagberg, H., Marsal, K., Visser, G., Fetal electrocardiogram: ST waveform analysis in intrapartum surveillance (2007) BJOG, 114, pp. 1191-1193; 
Dawes, G.S., Redman, C.W., Smith, J.H., Improvements in the registration and analysis of fetal heart rate records at the bedside (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 317-325; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Costa-Santos, C., Bernardes, J., Prediction of neonatal state by computer analysis of fetal heart rate tracings: the antepartum arm of the SisPorto multicentre validation study (2005) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 118, pp. 52-60. , SisPorto Multicentre Validation Study Group; 
Dawes, G.S., Moulden, M., Redman, C.W.G., System 8000: computerized antenatal FHR analysis (1991) J Perinat Med, 19, pp. 47-51; 
Bernardes, J., Moura, C., Marques-de-S{\'a}, J.P., Pereira-Leite, L., The Porto system for automated cardiotocographic signal analysis (1991) J Perinat Med, 19, pp. 61-65; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Garrido, A., Marques-de-S{\'a}, J.P., Pereira-Leite, L., SisPorto 2.0-a program for automated analysis of cardiotocograms (2000) J Matern Fetal Med, 9, pp. 311-318; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Sousa, P., Costa, A., Bernardes, J., Omniview-SisPorto{\textregistered} 3.5-a central fetal monitoring station with online alerts based on computerized cardiotocogram+S.T.event analysis (2008) J Perinat Med, 36, pp. 260-264; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Kwee, A., Westehuis, M., Visser, G.H.A., Computer quantification of short-term variability as an adjunct to fetal electrocardiographic monitoring (2007) BJOG, 114, pp. 1446-1447; 
Downing, J.W., Houlton, P.C., Barclay, A., Extradural analgesia for cesarean section: a comparison with general anesthesia (1979) Br J Anaesth, 51, pp. 367-374; 
Crawford, J.S., James, F.M., Davies, P., Crawley, M., A further study of general anaesthesia for cesarean section (1976) Br J Anaesth, 48, pp. 661-667; 
Huch, A., Huch, C., Rooth, G., Guidelines for blood sampling and measurement of pH and blood gas values in obstetrics (1994) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 54, pp. 165-175; 
ACOG technical bulletin. Umbilical artery blood acid-base analysis (1996) Int J Gynecol Obstet, 52, pp. 305-310; 
Westgate, J., Garibaldi, J.M., Greene, K.R., Umbilical cord blood gas analysis at delivery: a time for quality data (1994) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 101, pp. 1054-1063; 
Low, J.A., Intrapartum fetal asphyxia: definition, diagnosis and classification (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 176, pp. 957-959; 
Fleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed., , John Wiley \& Sons, New York, NY Section 5.6; 
Keith, R.D., Beckley, S., Garibaldi, J.M., Westgate, J.A., Ifeachor, E.C., Greene, K.R., A multicentre comparative study of 17 experts and an intelligent computer system for managing labour using cardiotocogram (1995) Br J Obstet Gynecol, 102, pp. 668-700; 
Chung, T.K., Mohajer, M.P., Yang, Z.j., Chang, A.M., Sahota, D.S., The prediction of fetal acidosis at birth by computerised analysis of intrapartum cardiotocography (1995) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 102, pp. 454-460; 
Nielsen, P.V., Stigsby, B., Nickelsen, C., Nim, J., Computer assessment of the intrapartum cardiotocogram. II. The value of computer assessment compared with visual assessment (1988) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 67, pp. 461-464; 
Policy statement. The Apgar score-American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2006) Pediatrics, 117, pp. 1444-1447; 
Casey, B.M., McIntire, D.D., Leveno, K.J., The continuing value of the Apgar score for the assessment of the newborn infants (2001) N Engl J Med, 334, pp. 467-471; 
Moster, D., Lie, R.T., Irgens, L.M., Bjerkedal, T., Markestad, The association of Apgar score with subsequent death and cerebral palsy: a population-based study in term infants (2001) J Pediatr, 138, pp. 798-803
},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {464.e1 - 464.e6},
	abstract = {Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of computer analysis of fetal heart rate (FHR) and ST event signals in prediction of neonatal acidemia. Study Design: One hundred forty-eight FHR tracings were evaluated to identify red alerts provided by the system, based on automated analysis of FHR and ST event signals, and compared with the occurrence of umbilical artery acidemia (pH <=7.05). Results: The presence of red alerts obtained sensitivity of 1.00 (95\% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.00), specificity of 0.94 (95\% CI, 0.89-0.97), positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.47 (95\% CI, 0.22-0.72), negative predictive value (NPV) of 1 (95\% CI, 0.96-1.00), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 17.6 (95\% CI, 9.0-34.5), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0. When limiting analysis to red alerts that did not include ST data, sensitivity was 0.57 (95\% CI, 0.20-0.88), specificity was 0.97 (95\% CI, 0.92-0.99), PPV was 0.50 (95\% CI, 0.17-0.82), NPV was 0.98 (95\% CI, 0.93-0.99), PLR was 20.14 (95\% CI, 6.3-64.2), and NLR was 0.44 (95\% CI, 0.19-1.04). Conclusion: Computer analysis of FHR and ST event signals provide higher accuracy in predicting neonatal academia. {\textcopyright} 2009 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {acidemia, Acidosis, article, autoanalysis, Cardiotocography, computer analysis, computer assisted, computer prediction, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, diagnostic value, Electrocardiography, Female, Fetal heart rate, Fetal hypoxia, Fetal monitoring, fetus electrocardiography, fetus heart rate, Heart Rate, Fetal, human, Humans, Infant, Newborn, major clinical study, male, newborn, newborn acidosis, observational study, pH, Predictive Value of Tests, priority journal, Prospective Studies, prospective study, Reproducibility of Results, sensitivity and specificity, signal transduction, ST segment, umbilical artery},
	isbn = {00029378 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70350572323\&partnerID=40\&md5=6ffddbacf1381ab65c9bd35f8db108dd},
	author = {Costa, A. and Ayres-de-Campos, D. and Costa, F. and Santos, C. and Bernardes, J.}
}
@article {2353,
	title = {Omniview-SisPorto{\textregistered} 3.5 - A central fetal monitoring station with online alerts based on computerized cardiotocogram+ST event analysis},
	journal = {Journal of Perinatal MedicineJ. Perinat. Med.},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 13Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JPEMAdoi: 10.1515/JPM.2008.030Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ayres-De-Campos, D.; Departmento Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Do Porto, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; email: sisporto@med.up.ptTradenames: Omniview-SisPorto 3.5 system, SpeculumManufacturers: SpeculumReferences: Amer-Wahlin, I., Arulkumaran, S., Hagberg, H., Marsal, K., Visser, G., Fetal electrocardiogram: ST waveform analysis in intrapartum surveillance (2007) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 114, pp. 1191-1193;Ayres-de-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Garrido, A., Marquesde-S{\'a}, J., Pereira-Leite, L., SisPorto 2.0: A program for automated analysis of cardiotocograms (2000) J Matern Fetal Med, 9, pp. 311-318; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Comparison of fetal heart rate baseline estimation by SisPorto 2.01 and a consensus of clinicians (2004) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 117, pp. 174-178; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Costa-Santos, C., Bernardes, J., SisPorto Multicentre Validation Study Group. Prediction of neonatal state by computer analysis of fetal heart rate tracings: The antepartum arm of the SisPorto multicentre validation study (2005) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 118, pp. 52-60; 
Ayres-de-Campos, D., Bernardes, J., Kwee, A., Westehuis, M., Visser, G.H.A., Computer quantification of short-term variability as an adjunct to fetal electrocardiographic monitoring (2007) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 114, pp. 1446-1447; 
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},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {260 - 264},
	abstract = {Visual analysis of cardiotocograms is poorly reproducible and is currently recognized as the main weakness of the STAN{\textregistered} methodology. The Omniview-SisPorto{\textregistered} 3.5 program is the most recent version of a central monitoring system that provides visual and sound alerts, based on computer analysis of cardiotocographic and ST event features. This paper describes the program{\textquoteright}s main characteristics and provides an overview of the system{\textquoteright}s online alerts. Omniview-SisPorto{\textregistered} 3.5 is the first central monitoring system to incorporate computerized analysis of cardiotocographic and ST event features, providing health professionals with online alerts for minor and major changes in monitored signals. The system is currently undergoing extensive clinical evaluation. {\textcopyright} 2008 by Walter de Gruyter.},
	keywords = {article, Cardiotocography, computer program, Computer-assisted, Electrocardiography, Female, Fetal, Fetal hypoxia, Fetal monitoring, fetus hypoxia, fetus monitoring, Heart rate, human, Humans, instrumentation, online system, Pregnancy, priority journal, Signal processing, ST segment},
	isbn = {03005577 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-44949183434\&partnerID=40\&md5=8a8b193ca1077d049f7333b4f6595962},
	author = {Ayres-de-Campos, D. and Sousa, P. and Costa, A. and Bernardes, J.}
}
