



@article {3301,
	title = {Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells rescue the axonal phenotype of twitcher mice},
	journal = {Cell Transplantation},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {239 - 252},
	abstract = {Krabbe{\textquoteright}s disease (KD) is a demyelinating disorder caused by the deficiency of lysosomal galactocerebrosidase (GALC), affecting both the central (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). A current therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is ineffective at correcting the PNS pathology. We have previously shown that systemic delivery of immortalized bone marrow-derived murine mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) diminishes the neuropathology of transplanted Twitcher mice, a murine model of KD. In this study, to move one step closer to clinical application, the effectiveness of a systematic delivery of primary BM-MSCs to promote recovery of the Twitcher PNS was assessed. Primary BM-MSCs grafted to the Twitcher sciatic nerve led to increased GALC activity that was not correlated to decreased psychosine (the toxic GALC substrate) accumulation. Nevertheless, BM-MSC transplantation rescued the axonal phenotype of Twitcher mice in the sciatic nerve, with an increased density of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons in transplanted animals. Whereas no increase in myelination was observed, upon transplantation an increased proliferation of Schwann cell precursors occurred. Supporting these findings, in vitro, BM-MSCs promoted neurite outgrowth of Twitcher sensory neurons and proliferation of Twitcher Schwann cells. Moreover, BM-MSCs expressed nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and promoted increased BDNF synthesis by neighboring Schwann cells. Besides their action in neurons and glia, BM-MSCs led to macrophage activation in Twitcher sciatic nerves. In summary, primary BM-MSCs diminish the neuropathology of Twitcher sciatic nerves by coordinately affecting neurons, glia, and macrophages. {\textcopyright} 2014 Cognizant Comm. Corp.},
	keywords = {Axonal degeneration, Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), Krabbe{\textquoteright}s disease (KD), Twitcher mice},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893339069\&partnerID=40\&md5=51c17895a58b06f3b302616459dff62b},
	author = {Miranda, C.O. and Teixeira, C.A. and Sousa, V.F. and Santos,TE and Liz, M.A. and Marques,AM and Pinto-Do-{\'O}, P. and Sousa, M.M.}
}
@article {2816,
	title = {Systemic delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells diminishes neuropathology in a mouse model of Krabbe{\textquoteright}s disease},
	journal = {Stem Cells},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):4Export Date: 2 October 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {1738 - 1751},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80054957115\&partnerID=40\&md5=460f6b3c9735980171039cf772450e6f},
	author = {Miranda, C.O. and Teixeira, C.A. and Liz, M.A. and Sousa, V.F. and Franquinho, F. and Forte, G. and Di Nardo, P. and Pinto-Do-{\'O}, P. and Sousa, M.M.}
}
@article {2258,
	title = {Neuropeptide y and osteoblast differentiation - The balance between the neuro-osteogenic network and local control: Review Article},
	journal = {FEBS JournalFEBS J.},
	volume = {277},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07774.xPubMed ID: 20681986Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Sousa, M. M.; IBMC, Rua Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: msousa@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: neuropeptide Y, 82785-45-3, 83589-17-7; Leptin; Neuropeptide Y; Protein Isoforms; Receptors, Neuropeptide YReferences: Bellido, T., Ali, A.A., Gubrij, I., Plotkin, L.I., Fu, Q., O{\textquoteright}Brien, C.A., Manolagas, S.C., Jilka, R.L., Chronic elevation of parathyroid hormone in mice reduces expression of sclerostin by osteocytes: A novel mechanism for hormonal control of osteoblastogenesis (2005) Endocrinology, 146, pp. 4577-4583;Keller, H., Kneissel, M., SOST is a target gene for PTH in bone (2005) Bone, 37, pp. 148-158; 
O{\textquoteright}Brien, C.A., Plotkin, L.I., Galli, C., Goellner, J.J., Gortazar, A.R., Allen, M.R., Robling, A.G., Turner, C.H., Control of bone mass and remodeling by PTH receptor signaling in osteocytes (2008) PLoS ONE, 3, p. 2942; 
Robling, A.G., Niziolek, P.J., Baldridge, L.A., Condon, K.W., Allen, M.R., Alam, I., Mantila, S.M., Harris, S.E., Mechanical stimulation of bone in vivo reduces osteocyte expression of Sost/sclerostin (2008) J Biol Chem, 283, pp. 5866-5875; 
Tatsumi, S., Ishii, K., Amizuka, N., Li, M., Kobayashi, T., Kohno, K., Ito, M., Ikeda, K., Targeted ablation of osteocytes induces osteoporosis with defective mechanotransduction (2007) Cell Metab, 5, pp. 464-475; 
McDonald, A.C., Schuijers, J.A., Shen, P.J., Gundlach, A.L., Grills, B.L., Expression of galanin and galanin receptor-1 in normal bone and during fracture repair in the rat (2003) Bone, 33, pp. 788-797; 
Pacifici, R., Cytokines, estrogen, and postmenopausal osteoporosis - The second decade (1998) Endocrinology, 139, pp. 2659-2661; 
You, L., Temiyasathit, S., Lee, P., Kim, C.H., Tummala, P., Yao, W., Kingery, W., Jacobs, C.R., Osteocytes as mechanosensors in the inhibition of bone resorption due to mechanical loading (2008) Bone, 42, pp. 172-179; 
Lerner, U.H., The role of skeletal nerve fibers in bone metabolism (2000) Endocrinologist, 10, pp. 377-382; 
Sherman, M.S., The nerves of bone (1963) J Bone Joint Surg Am, 45, pp. 522-528; 
Kuntz, A., Richins, C.A., Innervation of the bone marrow (1945) J Comp Neurol, 83, pp. 213-222; 
Miller, M.R., Kasahara, M., Observations on innervation of human long bones (1963) Anat Rec, 145, pp. 13-23; 
Thurston, T.J., Distribution of nerves in long bones as shown by silver impregnation (1982) J Anat, 134, pp. 719-728; 
Calvo, W., Fortezav, J., On development of bone marrow innervation in new-born rats as studied with silver impregnation and electron microscopy (1969) Am J Anat, 126, pp. 355-371; 
Sisask, G., Bjurholm, A., Ahmed, M., Kreicbergs, A., The development of autonomic innervation in bone and joints of the rat (1996) J Auton Nerv Syst, 59, pp. 27-33; 
Gajda, M., Litwin, J.A., Cichocki, T., Timmermans, J.P., Adriaensen, D., Development of sensory innervation in rat tibia: Co-localization of CGRP and substance P with growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) (2005) J Anat, 207, pp. 135-144; 
Jackman, A., Fitzgerald, M., Development of peripheral hindlimb and central spinal cord innervation by subpopulations of dorsal root ganglion cells in the embryonic rat (2000) J Comp Neurol, 418, pp. 281-298; 
Kosaras, B., Jakubowski, M., Kainz, V., Burstein, R., Sensory innervation of the calvarial bones of the mouse (2009) J Comp Neurol, 515, pp. 331-348; 
Jones, K.B., Mollano, A.V., Morcuende, J.A., Cooper, R.R., Saltzman, C.L., Bone and brain: A review of neural, hormonal, and musculoskeletal connections (2004) Iowa Orthop J, 24, pp. 123-132; 
Alberius, P., Skagerberg, G., Adrenergic innervation of the calvarium of the neonatal rat. Its relationship to the sagittal suture and developing parietal bones (1990) Anat Embryol (Berl), 182, pp. 493-498; 
Herskovits, M.S., Hallas, B.H., Singh, I.J., Study of sympathetic innervation of cranial bones by axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in the rat: Preliminary findings (1993) Acta Anat (Basel), 147, pp. 178-183; 
Hill, E.L., Elde, R., Distribution of CGRP-, VIP-, D beta H-, SP-, and NPY-immunoreactive nerves in the periosteum of the rat (1991) Cell Tissue Res, 264, pp. 469-480; 
Kruger, L., Silverman, J.D., Mantyh, P.W., Sternini, C., Brecha, N.C., Peripheral patterns of calcitonin-gene-related peptide general somatic sensory innervation: Cutaneous and deep terminations (1989) J Comp Neurol, 280, pp. 291-302; 
Silverman, J.D., Kruger, L., Calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-immunoreactive innervation of the rat head with emphasis on specialized sensory structures (1989) J Comp Neurol, 280, pp. 303-330; 
Ducy, P., Amling, M., Takeda, S., Priemel, M., Schilling, A.F., Beil, F.T., Shen, J., Karsenty, G., Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: A central control of bone mass (2000) Cell, 100, pp. 197-207; 
Robertson, S.A., Leinninger, G.M., Myers, Jr.M.G., Molecular and neural mediators of leptin action (2008) Physiol Behav, 94, pp. 637-642; 
Ahima, R.S., Flier, J.S., Leptin (2000) Annu Rev Physiol, 62, pp. 413-437; 
Tartaglia, L.A., Dembski, M., Weng, X., Deng, N., Culpepper, J., Devos, R., Richards, G.J., Deeds, J., Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R (1995) Cell, 83, pp. 1263-1271; 
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., Friedman, J.M., Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue (1994) Nature, 372, pp. 425-432; 
Takeda, S., Elefteriou, F., Levasseur, R., Liu, X., Zhao, L., Parker, K.L., Armstrong, D., Karsenty, G., Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system (2002) Cell, 111, pp. 305-317; 
Stephens, T.W., Basinski, M., Bristow, P.K., Bue-Valleskey, J.M., Burgett, S.G., Craft, L., Hale, J., Kriauciunas, A., The role of neuropeptide y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product (1995) Nature, 377, pp. 530-532; 
Chronwall, B.M., Dimaggio, D.A., Massari, V.J., Pickel, V.M., Ruggiero, D.A., O{\textquoteright}Donohue, T.L., The anatomy of neuropeptide-Y-containing neurons in rat brain (1985) Neuroscience, 15, pp. 1159-1181; 
Tatemoto, K., Carlquist, M., Mutt, V., Neuropeptide y - A novel brain peptide with structural similarities to peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide (1982) Nature, 296, pp. 659-660; 
Pedrazzini, T., Pralong, F., Grouzmann, E., Neuropeptide Y: The universal soldier (2003) Cell Mol Life Sci, 60, pp. 350-377; 
Erickson, J.C., Hollopeter, G., Palmiter, R.D., Attenuation of the obesity syndrome of ob/ob mice by the loss of neuropeptide y (1996) Science, 274, pp. 1704-1707; 
Allison, S.J., Baldock, P.A., Herzog, H., The control of bone remodeling by neuropeptide y receptors (2007) Peptides, 28, pp. 320-325; 
Bjurholm, A., Kreicbergs, A., Terenius, L., Goldstein, M., Schultzberg, M., Neuropeptide Y-, tyrosine hydroxylase- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves in bone and surrounding tissues (1988) J Auton Nerv Syst, 25, pp. 119-125; 
Ahmed, M., Bjurholm, A., Kreicbergs, A., Schultzberg, M., Neuropeptide Y, tyrosine hydroxylase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the vertebral bodies, discs, dura mater, and spinal ligaments of the rat lumbar spine (1993) Spine, 18, pp. 268-273; 
Hill, E.L., Turner, R., Elde, R., Effects of neonatal sympathectomy and capsaicin treatment on bone remodeling in rats (1991) Neuroscience, 44, pp. 747-755; 
Lindblad, B.E., Nielsen, L.B., Jespersen, S.M., Bjurholm, A., Bunger, C., Hansen, E.S., Vasoconstrictive action of neuropeptide y in bone. The porcine tibia perfused in vivo (1994) Acta Orthop Scand, 65, pp. 629-634; 
Ahmad, T., Ugarph-Morawski, A., Li, J., Bileviciute-Ljungar, I., Finn, A., Ostenson, C.G., Kreicbergs, A., Bone and joint neuropathy in rats with type-2 diabetes (2004) Regul Pept, 119, pp. 61-67; 
Ericsson, A., Schalling, M., McIntyre, K.R., Lundberg, J.M., Larhammar, D., Seroogy, K., Hokfelt, T., Persson, H., Detection of neuropeptide y and its mRNA in megakaryocytes: Enhanced levels in certain autoimmune mice (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 84, pp. 5585-5589; 
Ahmed, M., Srinivasan, G.R., Theodorsson, E., Bjurholm, A., Kreicbergs, A., Extraction and quantitation of neuropeptides in bone by radioimmunoassay (1994) Regul Pept, 51, pp. 179-188; 
Bjurholm, A., Neuroendocrine peptides in bone (1991) Int Orthop, 15, pp. 325-329; 
Bjurholm, A., Kreicbergs, A., Schultzberg, M., Lerner, U.H., Neuroendocrine regulation of cyclic AMP formation in osteoblastic cell lines (UMR-106-01, ROS 17/2.8, MC3T3-E1, and Saos-2) and primary bone cells (1992) J Bone Miner Res, 7, pp. 1011-1019; 
Lundberg, P., Allison, S.J., Lee, N.J., Baldock, P.A., Brouard, N., Rost, S., Enriquez, R.F., Simmons, P., Greater bone formation of Y2 knockout mice is associated with increased osteoprogenitor numbers and altered Y1 receptor expression (2007) J Biol Chem, 282, pp. 19082-19091; 
Nakamura, M., Sakanaka, C., Aoki, Y., Ogasawara, H., Tsuji, T., Kodama, H., Matsumoto, T., Noma, M., Identification of two isoforms of mouse neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor generated by alternative splicing. Isolation, genomic structure, and functional expression of the receptors (1995) J Biol Chem, 270, pp. 30102-30110; 
Togari, A., Arai, M., Mizutani, S., Koshihara, Y., Nagatsu, T., Expression of mRNAs for neuropeptide receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors in human osteoblasts and human osteogenic sarcoma cells (1997) Neurosci Lett, 233, pp. 125-128; 
Igwe, J.C., Jiang, X., Paic, F., Ma, L., Adams, D.J., Baldock, P.A., Pilbeam, C.C., Kalajzic, I., Neuropeptide y is expressed by osteocytes and can inhibit osteoblastic activity (2009) J Cell Biochem, 108, pp. 621-630; 
Nunes, A.F., Liz, M.A., Franquinho, F., Teixeira, L., Sousa, V., Chenu, C., Lamghari, M., Sousa, M.M., Neuropeptide y expression and function during osteoblast differentiation - Insights from transthyretin knockout mice (2010) FEBS J, 277, pp. 263-275; 
Baldock, P.A., Sainsbury, A., Couzens, M., Enriquez, R.F., Thomas, G.P., Gardiner, E.M., Herzog, H., Hypothalamic Y2 receptors regulate bone formation (2002) J Clin Invest, 109, pp. 915-921; 
Ducy, P., Schinke, T., Karsenty, G., The osteoblast: A sophisticated fibroblast under central surveillance (2000) Science, 289, pp. 1501-1504; 
Allison, S.J., Baldock, P., Sainsbury, A., Enriquez, R., Lee, N.J., Lin, E.J., Klugmann, M., Li, M., Conditional deletion of hypothalamic Y2 receptors reverts gonadectomy-induced bone loss in adult mice (2006) J Biol Chem, 281, pp. 23436-23444; 
Clegg, D.J., Brown, L.M., Zigman, J.M., Kemp, C.J., Strader, A.D., Benoit, S.C., Woods, S.C., Geary, N., Estradiol-dependent decrease in the orexigenic potency of ghrelin in female rats (2007) Diabetes, 56, pp. 1051-1058; 
Zengin, A., Zhang, L., Herzog, H., Baldock, P.A., Sainsbury, A., Neuropeptide y and sex hormone interactions in humoral and neuronal regulation of bone and fat (2010) Trends Endocrinol Metab, 21, pp. 411-418; 
Hosaka, H., Nagata, A., Yoshida, T., Shibata, T., Nagao, T., Tanaka, T., Saito, Y., Tatsuno, I., Pancreatic polypeptide is secreted from and controls differentiation through its specific receptors in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells (2008) Peptides, 29, pp. 1390-1395; 
Teixeira, L., Sousa, D.M., Nunes, A.F., Sousa, M.M., Herzog, H., Lamghari, M., NPY revealed as a critical modulator of osteoblast function in vitro: New insights into the role of Y1 and Y2 receptors (2009) J Cell Biochem, 107, pp. 908-916; 
Sainsbury, A., Schwarzer, C., Couzens, M., Herzog, H., Y2 receptor deletion attenuates the type 2 diabetic syndrome of ob/ob mice (2002) Diabetes, 51, pp. 3420-3427; 
Wilding, J.P., Gilbey, S.G., Bailey, C.J., Batt, R.A., Williams, G., Ghatei, M.A., Bloom, S.R., Increased neuropeptide-Y messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and decreased neurotensin mRNA in the hypothalamus of the obese (ob/ob) mouse (1993) Endocrinology, 132, pp. 1939-1944; 
Baldock, P.A., Allison, S., McDonald, M.M., Sainsbury, A., Enriquez, R.F., Little, D.G., Eisman, J.A., Herzog, H., Hypothalamic regulation of cortical bone mass: Opposing activity of Y2 receptor and leptin pathways (2006) J Bone Miner Res, 21, pp. 1600-1607; 
Baldock, P.A., Sainsbury, A., Allison, S., Lin, E.J., Couzens, M., Boey, D., Enriquez, R., Gardiner, E.M., Hypothalamic control of bone formation: Distinct actions of leptin and y2 receptor pathways (2005) J Bone Miner Res, 20, pp. 1851-1857; 
Baldock, P.A., Allison, S.J., Lundberg, P., Lee, N.J., Slack, K., Lin, E.J., Enriquez, R.F., During, M.J., Novel role of Y1 receptors in the coordinated regulation of bone and energy homeostasis (2007) J Biol Chem, 282, pp. 19092-19102; 
Lee, N.J., Doyle, K.L., Sainsbury, A., Enriquez, R.F., Hort, Y.J., Riepler, S.J., Baldock, P.A., Herzog, H., Critical role for Y1 receptors in mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation and osteoblast activity (2010) J Bone Miner Res, , doi:; 
Allison, S.J., Baldock, P.A., Enriquez, R.F., Lin, E., During, M., Gardiner, E.M., Eisman, J.A., Herzog, H., Critical interplay between neuropeptide y and sex steroid pathways in bone and adipose tissue homeostasis (2009) J Bone Miner Res, 24, pp. 294-304; 
Sainsbury, A., Baldock, P.A., Schwarzer, C., Ueno, N., Enriquez, R.F., Couzens, M., Inui, A., Gardiner, E.M., Synergistic effects of Y2 and Y4 receptors on adiposity and bone mass revealed in double knockout mice (2003) Mol Cell Biol, 23, pp. 5225-5233; 
Elefteriou, F., Takeda, S., Liu, X., Armstrong, D., Karsenty, G., Monosodium glutamate-sensitive hypothalamic neurons contribute to the control of bone mass (2003) Endocrinology, 144, pp. 3842-3847; 
Baldock, P.A., Lee, N.J., Driessler, F., Lin, S., Allison, S., Stehrer, B., Lin, E.J., Wong, I.P., Neuropeptide y knockout mice reveal a central role of NPY in the coordination of bone mass to body weight (2009) PLoS ONE, 4, p. 8415; 
Sainsbury, A., Cusin, I., Doyle, P., Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F., Jeanrenaud, B., Intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide y to normal rats increases obese gene expression in white adipose tissue (1996) Diabetologia, 39, pp. 353-356; 
Sainsbury, A., Herzog, H., Inhibitory effects of central neuropeptide y on the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes in male rats are independent of adrenal hormones (2001) Peptides, 22, pp. 467-471; 
Nunes, A.F., Saraiva, M.J., Sousa, M.M., Transthyretin knockouts are a new mouse model for increased neuropeptide y (2006) FASEB J, 20, pp. 166-168; 
Prigge, S.T., Mains, R.E., Eipper, B.A., Amzel, L.M., New insights into copper monooxygenases and peptide amidation: Structure, mechanism and function (2000) Cell Mol Life Sci, 57, pp. 1236-1259; 
Eipper, B.A., Stoffers, D.A., Mains, R.E., The biosynthesis of neuropeptides: Peptide alpha-amidation (1992) Annu Rev Neurosci, 15, pp. 57-85; 
Marques, F., Sousa, J.C., Oliveira, P., Oliveira, H.C., Palha, J.A., The absence of transthyretin does not impair regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism (2007) Horm Metab Res, 39, pp. 529-533
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {3664 - 3674},
	abstract = {Accumulating evidence has contributed to a novel view in bone biology: bone remodeling, specifically osteoblast differentiation, is under the tight control of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Among other players in this neuro-osteogenic network, the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has attracted particular attention. At the central nervous system level, NPY exerts its function in bone homeostasis through the hypothalamic Y2 receptor. Locally in the bone, NPY action is mediated by its Y1 receptor. Besides the presence of Y1, a complex network exists locally: not only there is input of the peripheral nervous system, as the bone is directly innervated by NPY-containing fibers, but there is also input from non-neuronal cells, including bone cells capable of NPY expression. The interaction of these distinct players to achieve a multilevel control system of bone homeostasis is still under debate. In this review, we will integrate the current knowledge on the impact of the NPY system in bone biology, and discuss the mechanisms through which the balance between central and the peripheral NPY action might be achieved. {\textcopyright} 2010 FEBS.},
	keywords = {Animals, Bone and Bones, bone cell, bone innervation, bone mass, cell differentiation, Homeostasis, Humans, immunoreactivity, leptin, Nerve Net, neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide Y receptor, neuropeptide Y2 receptor, nonhuman, NPY, NPY receptors, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, phenotype, priority journal, protein expression, protein interaction, Protein Isoforms, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y, review},
	isbn = {1742464X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956337408\&partnerID=40\&md5=2d7cd3f7e81e95ea895958fff6902b28},
	author = {Franquinho, F. and Liz, M.A. and Nunes, A.F. and Neto, E. and Lamghari, M. and Sousa, M.M.}
}
@article {2289,
	title = {Neuropeptide y expression and function during osteoblast differentiation - Insights from transthyretin knockout mice},
	journal = {FEBS JournalFEBS J.},
	volume = {277},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07482.xPubMed ID: 19954489Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Sousa, M. M.; IBMC, Rua Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: msousa@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: neuropeptide Y, 82785-45-3, 83589-17-7; Amides; DNA Primers; Neuropeptide Y; Prealbumin; RNA, MessengerReferences: McDonald, A.C., Schuijers, J.A., Shen, P.J., Gundlach, A.L., Grills, B.L., Expression of galanin and galanin receptor-1 in normal bone and during fracture repair in the rat (2003) Bone, 33, pp. 788-797;Pacifici, R., Cytokines, estrogen, and postmenopausal osteoporosis - The second decade (1998) Endocrinology, 139, pp. 2659-2661; 
You, L., Temiyasathit, S., Lee, P., Kim, C.H., Tummala, P., Yao, W., Kingery, W., Jacobs, C.R., Osteocytes as mechanosensors in the inhibition of bone resorption due to mechanical loading (2008) Bone, 42, pp. 172-179; 
Chenu, C., Marenzana, M., Sympathetic nervous system and bone remodeling (2005) Joint Bone Spine, 72 (6), pp. 481-483. , DOI 10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.10.007, PII S1297319X05001661; 
Baldock, P.A., Sainsbury, A., Couzens, M., Enriquez, R.F., Thomas, G.P., Gardiner, E.M., Herzog, H., Hypothalamic Y2 receptors regulate bone formation (2002) J Clin Invest, 109, pp. 915-921; 
Baldock, P.A., Allison, S.J., Lundberg, P., Lee, N.J., Slack, K., Lin, E.J., Enriquez, R.F., During, M.J., Novel role of Y1 receptors in the coordinated regulation of bone and energy homeostasis (2007) J Biol Chem, 282, pp. 19092-19102; 
Ducy, P., Amling, M., Takeda, S., Priemel, M., Schilling, A.F., Beil, F.T., Shen, J., Karsenty, G., Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: A central control of bone mass (2000) Cell, 100, pp. 197-207; 
Elefteriou, F., Takeda, S., Liu, X., Armstrong, D., Karsenty, G., Monosodium glutamate-sensitive hypothalamic neurons contribute to the control of bone mass (2003) Endocrinology, 144, pp. 3842-3847; 
Elefteriou, F., Neuronal signaling and the regulation of bone remodeling (2005) Cell Mol Life Sci, 62, pp. 2339-2349; 
Bjurholm, A., Kreicbergs, A., Terenius, L., Goldstein, M., Schultzberg, M., Neuropeptide Y-, tyrosine hydroxylase- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves in bone and surrounding tissues (1988) J Auton Nerv Syst, 25, pp. 119-125; 
Hill, E.L., Elde, R., Distribution of CGRP-, VIP-, D beta H-, SP-, and NPY-immunoreactive nerves in the periosteum of the rat (1991) Cell Tissue Res, 264, pp. 469-480; 
Tabarowski, Z., Gibson-Berry, K., Felten, S.Y., Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of the mouse femur bone marrow (1996) Acta Histochem, 98, pp. 453-457; 
Ahmed, M., Srinivasan, G.R., Theodorsson, E., Bjurholm, A., Kreicbergs, A., Extraction and quantitation of neuropeptides in bone by radioimmunoassay (1994) Regul Pept, 51, pp. 179-188; 
Ericsson, A., Schalling, M., McIntyre, K.R., Lundberg, J.M., Larhammar, D., Seroogy, K., Hokfelt, T., Persson, H., Detection of neuropeptide y and its mRNA in megakaryocytes: Enhanced levels in certain autoimmune mice (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 84, pp. 5585-5589; 
Lundberg, P., Allison, S.J., Lee, N.J., Baldock, P.A., Brouard, N., Rost, S., Enriquez, R.F., Simmons, P., Greater bone formation of y2 knockout mice is associated with increased osteoprogenitor numbers and altered y1 receptor expression (2007) J Biol Chem, 282, pp. 19082-19091; 
Stephens, T.W., Basinski, M., Bristow, P.K., Bue-Valleskey, J.M., Burgett, S.G., Craft, L., Hale, J., Kriauciunas, A., The role of neuropeptide y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product (1995) Nature, 377, pp. 530-532; 
Baldock, P.A., Sainsbury, A., Allison, S., Lin, E.J., Couzens, M., Boey, D., Enriquez, R., Gardiner, E.M., Hypothalamic control of bone formation: Distinct actions of leptin and y2 receptor pathways (2005) J Bone Miner Res, 20, pp. 1851-1857; 
Allison, S., Baldock, P., Enriquez, R., Lin, E., During, M., Gardiner, E., Eisman, J., Herzog, H., Critical interplay between neuropeptide y and sex steroid pathways in bone and adipose tissue homeostasis (2008) J Bone Miner Res, 24, pp. 294-304; 
Nunes, A.F., Saraiva, M.J., Sousa, M.M., Transthyretin knockouts are a new mouse model for increased neuropeptide y (2006) FASEB J, 20, pp. 166-168; 
Mains, R.E., Cullen, E.I., May, V., Eipper, B.A., The role of secretory granules in peptide biosynthesis (1987) Ann NY Acad Sci, 493, pp. 278-291; 
Prigge, S.T., Mains, R.E., Eipper, B.A., Amzel, L.M., New insights into copper monooxygenases and peptide amidation: Structure, mechanism and function (2000) Cell Mol Life Sci, 57, pp. 1236-1259; 
Eipper, B.A., Stoffers, D.A., Mains, R.E., The biosynthesis of neuropeptides: Peptide alpha-amidation (1992) Annu Rev Neurosci, 15, pp. 57-85; 
Teixeira, L., Sousa, D.M., Nunes, A.F., Sousa, M.M., Herzog, H., Lamghari, M., NPY revealed as a critical modulator of osteoblast function in vitro: New insights into the role of Y1 and Y2 receptors (2009) J Cell Biochem, 107, pp. 908-916; 
Amano, S., Arai, M., Goto, S., Togari, A., Inhibitory effect of NPY on isoprenaline-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cells (2007) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1770, pp. 966-973; 
Baldock, P.A., Allison, S., McDonald, M.M., Sainsbury, A., Enriquez, R.F., Little, D.G., Eisman, J.A., Herzog, H., Hypothalamic regulation of cortical bone mass: Opposing activity of Y2 receptor and leptin pathways (2006) J Bone Miner Res, 21, pp. 1600-1607; 
Saper, C.B., Loewy, A.D., Swanson, L.W., Cowan, W.M., Direct hypothalamo-autonomic connections (1976) Brain Res, 117, pp. 305-312; 
Navia, J.M., Harris, S.S., Vitamin A influence on calcium metabolism and calcification (1980) Ann NY Acad Sci, 355, pp. 45-57; 
Wang, A., Ding, X., Sheng, S., Yao, Z., Retinoic acid inhibits osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (2008) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 375, pp. 435-439; 
Takahashi, T., Kamiya, N., Kawabata, N., Takagi, M., The effect of retinoic acid on a zinc finger transcription factor, AJ18, during differentiation of a rat clonal preosteoblastic cell line, ROB-C20, into osteoblasts (2008) Arch Oral Biol, 53, pp. 87-94; 
Grouzmann, E., Comoy, E., Walker, P., Burnier, M., Bohuon, C., Waeber, B., Brunner, H., Production and characterization of four anti-neuropeptide y monoclonal antibodies (1992) Hybridoma, 11, pp. 409-424; 
Wei, S., Episkopou, V., Piantedosi, R., Maeda, S., Shimada, K., Gottesman, M.E., Blaner, W.S., Studies on the metabolism of retinol and retinol-binding protein in transthyretin-deficient mice produced by homologous recombination (1995) J Biol Chem, 270, pp. 866-870; 
Karga, H., Papapetrou, P.D., Korakovouni, A., Papandroulaki, F., Polymeris, A., Pampouras, G., Bone mineral density in hyperthyroidism (2004) Clin Endocrinol, 61, pp. 466-472; 
Episkopou, V., Maeda, S., Nishiguchi, S., Shimada, K., Gaitanaris, G.A., Gottesman, M.E., Robertson, E.J., Disruption of the transthyretin gene results in mice with depressed levels of plasma retinol and thyroid hormone (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, pp. 2375-2379; 
Palha, J.A., Episkopou, V., Maeda, S., Shimada, K., Gottesman, M.E., Saraiva, M.J., Thyroid hormone metabolism in a transthyretin-null mouse strain (1994) J Biol Chem, 269, pp. 33135-33139; 
Palha, J.A., Hays, M.T., Morreale De Escobar, G., Episkopou, V., Gottesman, M.E., Saraiva, M.J., Transthyretin is not essential for thyroxine to reach the brain and other tissues in transthyretin-null mice (1997) Am J Physiol, 272, pp. 485-E493; 
Palha, J.A., Fernandes, R., De Escobar, G.M., Episkopou, V., Gottesman, M., Saraiva, M.J., Transthyretin regulates thyroid hormone levels in the choroid plexus, but not in the brain parenchyma: Study in a transthyretin-null mouse model (2000) Endocrinology, 141, pp. 3267-3272; 
Kingery, W.S., Offley, S.C., Guo, T.Z., Davies, M.F., Clark, J.D., Jacobs, C.R., A substance P receptor (NK1) antagonist enhances the widespread osteoporotic effects of sciatic nerve section (2003) Bone, 33, pp. 927-936; 
Hosaka, H., Nagata, A., Yoshida, T., Shibata, T., Nagao, T., Tanaka, T., Saito, Y., Tatsuno, I., Pancreatic polypeptide is secreted from and controls differentiation through its specific receptors in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells (2008) Peptides, 29, pp. 1390-1395; 
Fleming, C.E., Saraiva, M.J., Sousa, M.M., Transthyretin enhances nerve regeneration (2007) J Neurochem, 103, pp. 831-839; 
Sainsbury, A., Cusin, I., Doyle, P., Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F., Jeanrenaud, B., Intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide y to normal rats increases obese gene expression in white adipose tissue (1996) Diabetologia, 39, pp. 353-356; 
Sainsbury, A., Herzog, H., Inhibitory effects of central neuropeptide y on the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes in male rats are independent of adrenal hormones (2001) Peptides, 22, pp. 467-471; 
Marques, F., Sousa, J.C., Oliveira, P., Oliveira, H.C., Palha, J.A., The absence of transthyretin does not impair regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism (2007) Horm Metab Res, 39, pp. 529-533; 
Maniatopoulos, C., Sodek, J., Melcher, A.H., Bone formation in vitro by stromal cells obtained from bone marrow of young adult rats (1988) Cell Tissue Res, 254, pp. 317-330; 
Salingcarnboriboon, R., Tsuji, K., Komori, T., Nakashima, K., Ezura, Y., Noda, M., Runx2 is a target of mechanical unloading to alter osteoblastic activity and bone formation in vivo (2006) Endocrinology, 147, pp. 2296-2305
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {263 - 275},
	abstract = {To better understand the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in bone homeostasis, as its function in the regulation of bone mass is unclear, we assessed its expression in this tissue. By immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated, both at embryonic stages and in the adult, that NPY is synthesized by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Moreover, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase, the enzyme responsible for NPY activation by amidation, was also expressed in these cell types. Using transthyretin (TTR) KO mice as a model of augmented NPY levels, we showed that this strain has increased NPY content in the bone, further validating the expression of this neuropeptide by bone cells. Moreover, the higher amidated neuropeptide levels in TTR KO mice were related to increased bone mineral density and trabecular volume. Additionally, RT-PCR analysis established that NPY is not only expressed in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), but is also detectable by RIA in BMSCs undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. In agreement with our in vivo observations, in vitro, TTR KO BMSCs differentiated in osteoblasts had increased NPY levels and exhibited enhanced competence in undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of the role of NPY in the regulation of bone formation by showing that this neuropeptide is expressed in bone cells and that increased amidated neuropeptide content is related to increased bone mass. {\textcopyright} 2009 FEBS.},
	keywords = {3T3 Cells, alpha amidating enzyme, Amidated neuropeptide, amidation, Amides, animal cell, animal tissue, Animals, article, Base Sequence, Bone Density, bone development, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone marrow stromal cells, bone mass, cartilage cell, cell differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Chondrocytes, controlled study, developmental stage, DNA Primers, embryo, embryo development, Homeostasis, immunohistochemistry, male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, mouse, Mus, neuropeptide Y, nonhuman, NPY, ossification, osteoblast, Osteoblastic differentiation, Osteoblasts, osteocyte, Osteocytes, peptide synthesis, prealbumin, priority journal, protein expression, protein function, radioimmunoassay, regulatory mechanism, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA, Messenger, stroma cell, Stromal Cells, trabecular bone},
	isbn = {1742464X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-73649127668\&partnerID=40\&md5=c25c87a8e1206fc9d2b878f9611581dd},
	author = {Nunes, A.F. and Liz, M.A. and Franquinho, F. and Teixeira, L. and Sousa, V. and Chenu, C. and Lamghari, M. and Sousa, M.M.}
}
