



@article {2310,
	title = {In vitro biological characterization of macroporous 3D Bonelike                    {\textregistered} structures prepared through a 3D machining technique
},
	journal = {Materials Science and Engineering CMater. Sci. Eng. C},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.08.009Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Fernandes, M.H.; Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Medicina Dent{\'a}ria, Laborat{\'o}rio de Farmacologia e Biocompatibilidade Celular, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-392 Porto, Portugal; email: mhrf@portugalmail.ptReferences: Bauer, T.W., Muschler, G.F., (2000) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 371, p. 10;Boskey, A.L., (1999) Dynamics of Bone and Cartilage Metabolism, p. 154. , Seibel M.J., Robins S.P., and Bilezikian J.P. (Eds), Academic Press, London; 
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},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {930 - 935},
	abstract = {3D bioactive macroporous structures were prepared using a 3D machining technique. A virtual 3D structure model was created and a computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling device machined Bonelike                        {\textregistered} samples. The resulting structures showed a reproducible macroporosity and interconnective structure. Macropores size after sintering was approximately 2000~μm. In vitro testing using human bone marrow stroma showed that cells were able to adhere and proliferate on 3D structures surface and migrate into all macropore channels. In addition, these cells were able to differentiate, since mineralized globular structures associated with cell layer were identified. Results obtained showed that 3D structures of Bonelike
                        {\textregistered} successfully allow cell migration into all macropores, and allow human bone marrow stromal cells to proliferate and differentiate. This innovative technique may be considered as a step-forward preparation for 3D interconnective macroporous structures that allow bone ingrowth while maintaining mechanical integrity. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
},
	keywords = {3-D structures, 3D machining techniques, Biological characterizations, Bone, Bone ingrowths, Bone marrow stroma cells, Bone substitute, Bonelike, Cell layers, Cell migrations, Computer control systems, cytology, Globular structures, Human bone marrow stromal cells, Human bone marrows, In-vitro, Machining, Macro porosities, Macro-pores, Macroporous, Macroporous structures, Mechanical integrities, Porous materials, Sintering, Surface testing, Three dimensional, {\textregistered}},
	isbn = {09284931 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-64749093404\&partnerID=40\&md5=1619bc1101d98c34c6e43726f52e851c},
	author = {Laranjeira, M.S. and Dias, A.G. and Santos, J.D. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@article {2328,
	title = {3-D biomodelling technology for maxillofacial reconstruction},
	journal = {Materials Science and Engineering CMater. Sci. Eng. C},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 3Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.02.007Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica (INEB), Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: jdsantos@fe.up.ptReferences: Pessa, J.E., (2001) Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop., 119, p. 117;Poukens, J., Haex, J., Riediger, D., (2003) Comput. Aided Surg., 8 (3), p. 146; 
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},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {1347 - 1351},
	abstract = {Biomodel is a product of rapid prototyping process that represents a new approach for surgical planning and simulation. Biomodels were found to be particularly effective to locate an exact defect with good measurement accuracy and without any risk to the patients{\textquoteright} health. These models could provide surgeons a realistic impression of complex structures before surgical intervention, allowing a define diagnosis and a precise preoperative simulation of skeleton modifying interventions. This work reports on the application of innovative 3-D biomodelling technology in the maxillofacial reconstruction. This technology allows for the calculation of the exact contours, angulations, length and general morphology of iliac crest and fibula flaps for maxillofacial reconstruction in a total of 28 clinical cases. Clinical results have shown that by using this technique, much better facial symmetry and improved functionality were achieved after surgery, which resulted in enormous benefits for treated patients. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {3D Biomodelling, Biomodels, Complex structures, Concurrent engineering, Facial symmetries, Free flap designing, Health risks, Job analysis, Maxillofacial reconstruction, Measurement accuracies, New approaches, Process engineering, Prototyping processes, Rapid prototyping, Repair, Restoration, Surgical interventions, Surgical planning, Three dimensional},
	isbn = {09284931 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-56549119884\&partnerID=40\&md5=8947ba40759ea882635e8050270e4c93},
	author = {Oliveira, M. and Sooraj Hussain, N. and Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Azevedo, L. and Zenha, H. and Costa, H. and Santos, J.D.}
}
@article {2337,
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},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {91 - 99},
	abstract = {Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) has a great potential for prosthetic implants coating. Nevertheless, its biocompatibility still has to be better understood. To do so, we employed several materials characterization techniques (SEM, AFM, micro-Raman spectroscopy) and cell culture assays using MG63 osteoblast-like and human bone marrow cells. Biochemical routines (MTT assays, Lowry{\textquoteright}s method, ALP activity) supported by SEM and confocal microscopy characterization were carried out. We used silicon nitride (Si                        3N
                        4) substrates for NCD coatings based on a previous demonstration of the superior adhesion and tribological performance of these NCD coated ceramics. Results demonstrate an improved human osteoblast proliferation and the stimulation of differentiated markers, like ALP activity and matrix mineralization, compared with standard polystyrene tissue culture plates. The nanometric featuring of NCD, associated to its chemical affinity are key points for bone regeneration purposes. {\textcopyright} 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
},
	keywords = {adult, alkaline phosphatase, ALP activity, Animal cell culture, Architectural acoustics, article, Atomic force microscopy, Biocompatibility, Bone, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Regeneration, Cell culture, cell proliferation, cell survival, Cells, Cells, Cultured, ceramics, Cladding (coating), Coated Materials, Biocompatible, confocal microscopy, controlled study, diamond, Diamonds, enzyme activity, extracellular matrix, human, Human bone marrow cells, human cell, Humans, Imaging techniques, Implants (surgical), In vitro biocompatibility, in vitro selection, Joint replacement, male, Materials characterization, materials testing, Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Microscopic examination, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, mineralization, MTT assaying, Nano-crystalline diamond, nanocrystal, Nanocrystalline alloys, Nanocrystalline materials, nanoparticles, Nanostructured materials, Nitrides, Nonmetals, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, polystyrene, Prostheses and Implants, Raman spectrometry, Scanning electron microscopy, Secondary emission, Silicon, Silicon compounds, Silicon nitride, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Surface Properties, Tissue engineering},
	isbn = {15493296 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-51849084188\&partnerID=40\&md5=a41a73f23c0c63950b4613f44d51bd23},
	author = {Amaral, M. and Dias, A.G. and Gomes, P.S. and Lopes, M.A. and Silva, R.F. and Santos, J.D. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@article {2368,
	title = {Opening wedge high tibial osteotomy using 3D biomodelling Bonelike{\textregistered} macroporous structures: Case report},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in MedicineJ. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 9Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JSMMEdoi: 10.1007/s10856-007-3171-xPubMed ID: 17569003Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica (INEB), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal; email: jdsantos@fe.up.ptChemicals/CAS: calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5, 13767-12-9, 14358-97-5, 7758-87-4; hydroxyapatite, 1306-06-5, 51198-94-8; Bone Substitutes; Calcium Phosphates; Ceratite, 124097-42-3; HydroxyapatitesTradenames: BonelikeReferences: Gaasbeek, R.D.A., Welsing, R.T.C., Verdonschot, N., Rijnberg, W.J., Van Loon, C.J.M., Van Kampen, A., (2005) Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc., 13, p. 689. , 8;Scott, W.N., Clarke, H.D., (2004) Orthopedics, 27, p. 975. , 9; 
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Gaasbeek, R.D.A., Toonen, H.G., Van Heerwaarden, R.J., Buma, P., (2005) Biomaterials, 26, p. 6713. , 33; 
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Zhim, F., Laflamme, G.Y., Viens, H., Saidane, K., Yahia, L., (2005) Clin. Biomech., 20, p. 871. , 8; 
Lopes, M.A., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 2085. , 21; 
Lopes, M.A., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., (1999) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 48, p. 734. , 5
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {2377 - 2382},
	abstract = {Two synthetic calcium phosphates in porous wedge shape, Bonelike{\textregistered} and a commercial HA/β-TCP biphasic material, were used as an alternative to bone autografts and allografts in the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis of varus knees. The structure of Bonelike{\textregistered} has a 3D architecture that is computer controlled, and a composition that mimics the mineral composition of natural bone. The HA/β-TCP biphasic material used as a control material in this study was prepared using conventional foaming based methods. No signs of inflammatory reactions were observed post-operatively for both materials. After 4 months signs of fusion at the osteotomy site and good integration of the implanted wedges were observed, showing good mechanical resistance. Concerning the final correction attained, the left knee revealed a satisfactory valgus of 10{\textdegree}, but the right one only had a final value of 6{\textdegree}. The clinical evaluation using International Knee Score (IKS) showed good outcome in all parameters with complete range of motion in both knees and climbing stairs without crutches with only slight pain. {\textcopyright} 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.},
	keywords = {adult, article, Biological organs, Biomodeling, Bone, bone allograft, Bone graft, bone mineral, Bone Substitutes, calcium phosphate, Calcium phosphates, case report, climbing, clinical evaluation, Computer simulation, Grafts, human, Humans, hydroxyapatite, Hydroxyapatites, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, knee, knee pain, Macroporous structures, male, Mechanical properties, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Osteoblasts, osteotomy, pain assessment, porosity, Porous wedge shapes, priority journal, Prostheses and Implants, range of motion, structure analysis, tibia, tibia osteotomy, Tibial osteotomy, Valgus, valgus knee},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36448991200\&partnerID=40\&md5=856e2db65f4b4dc72a1128388ebc479a},
	author = {Gutierres, M. and Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Hussain, N.S. and Cabral, A.T. and Almeida, L. and Santos, J.D.}
}
@article {2382,
	title = {Physicochemical degradation studies of calcium phosphate glass ceramic in the CaO-P                    2O
                    5-MgO-TiO
                    2 system
},
	journal = {Acta BiomaterialiaActa Biomater.},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.09.009PubMed ID: 17150421Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Lopes, M.A.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica (INEB), Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: malopes@fe.up.ptChemicals/CAS: calcium ion, 14127-61-8; hydroxyapatite, 1306-06-5, 51198-94-8; phosphate, 14066-19-4, 14265-44-2; titanium, 7440-32-6; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Compounds; calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5; Calcium Phosphates; Ceramics; Glass ceramics, 85422-94-2; lime, 1305-78-8; Magnesium Oxide, 1309-48-4; Oxides; Phosphorus Compounds; phosphorus pentoxide, 1314-56-3; titanium dioxide, 13463-67-7; Titanium, 7440-32-6References: (2003) Bone graft substitutes, , Laurencin C.T. (Ed), ASTM International;(1993) Introduction to bioceramics, , Hench L.L., and Wilson J. (Eds), World Scientific, Singapore; 
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Dias, A.G., Lopes, M.A., Cabral, A.T.T., Santos, J.D., Fernandes, M.H., In vitro studies of calcium phosphate glass ceramics with different solubility with the use of human bone marrow cells (2005) J Biomed Mater Res A, 74 A, p. 347; 
Dias, A.G., Skakle, J.M.S., Gibson, I.R., Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., In situ thermal and structural characterization of bioactive calcium phosphate glass ceramics containing TiO 2 and MgO oxides: high temperature XRD studies (2005) J Non-Cryst Solids, 351, p. 810; 
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},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {263 - 269},
	abstract = {The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro degradation behaviour of a 45CaO-37P                        2O
                        5-5MgO-13TiO
                        2 (mol.\%) glass ceramic, under two different simulated physiological conditions: normal physiological pH 7.4, and pH 3.0, which was designed to simulate the acidic conditions produced by osteoclast cells. The in vitro testing was carried out at 37 {\textdegree}C for up to 42 days for the pH 7.4 solution and for up to 1 day for the pH 3.0 solution. The incorporation of TiO
                        2 into the glass structure leads to the precipitation of specific crystalline phases in the glass matrix, namely α- and β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O
                        7, TiP
                        2O
                        7 and CaTi
                        4(PO
                        4)
                        6. The degradation testing at pH 3.0 showed a higher weight loss compared with degradation testing at pH 7.4; the weight loss under the acidic condition after 1 day (24 h) was about 10 times higher than the weight loss after 42 days of immersion at pH 7.4. The ionic release profile of Ca
                        2+, PO
                        4
                        3 -, Mg
                        2+ and Ti
                        4+ showed a continuous increase in concentration over all immersion times for both testing solutions. After 1 day of immersion at pH 3.0, the concentration levels of Mg
                        2+, Ca
                        2+, PO
                        4
                        3 - were about six times higher than the levels achieved after 42 days of immersion at pH 7.4. The glass ceramic showed similar degradation to hydroxyapatite, and therefore has potential to be used in certain clinical applications where relatively slow resorption of the implant and replacement by bone is required, e.g. cranioplasty. {\textcopyright} 2006 Acta Materialia Inc.
},
	keywords = {acidity, article, Biocompatible Materials, Biomaterials, Bone, Bone and Bones, bone prosthesis, Calcium Compounds, calcium ion, calcium phosphate ceramic, Calcium phosphates, ceramics, Chemical structure, concentration response, controlled study, cranioplasty, Crystallization, Degradation, glass, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, hydroxyapatite, In vitro biodegradation, in vitro study, Magnesium Oxide, materials testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Models, Statistical, osteoclast, Oxides, pH, phosphate, Phosphorus Compounds, physical chemistry, priority journal, prosthesis material, simulation, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, structure analysis, temperature, Time Factors, Titanium, weight reduction},
	isbn = {17427061 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846874794\&partnerID=40\&md5=e8b44c423b36e42f43512d34157080ce},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Gibson, I.R. and Santos, J.D. and Lopes, M.A.}
}
@book {2412,
	title = {                    31P MAS-NMR studies of CaO-P
                    2O
                    5 glass ceramics
},
	series = {Key Engineering MaterialsKey Eng Mat},
	volume = {309-311 I},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 1Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: KEMAELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Dias, A.G.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica (INEB), Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: agdias@fe.up.ptReferences: J{\"a}ger, C., Hartmann, P., Witter, R., Braun, M., (2000) J. Non-cryst. Solids, 263, p. 61;Hartmann, P., Vogel, J., Schnabel, B., (1994) J. Non-cryst. Solids, 176, p. 157; 
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},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {301 - 304},
	abstract = {This work reports the structure of two glass ceramics prepared in the calcium phosphate system, MK5B and MT13B, using                        31P MAS-NMR technique. The results obtained showed that the network of MK5B consisted mainly of Q
                        1 and Q
                        2 groups. Besides these two groups, MT13B material also present Q
                        3 units. The Q
                        n groups detected in both glass ceramics seem to be correlated to the crystalline phases present in their microstructure.
},
	keywords = {Biomaterials, calcium phosphate, Crystalline materials, Crystalline phases, Glass ceramics, Lime, MAS-NMR technique, Microstructure, NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy},
	isbn = {10139826 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645382187\&partnerID=40\&md5=353cae72417fac19dba1115041250e95},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Tsuru, K. and Hayakawa, S. and Santos, J.D. and Osaka{\textquoteright}, A.}
}
@article {2403,
	title = {Absorption and emission properties of Ho                    3+ doped lead-zinc-borate glasses
},
	journal = {Thin Solid FilmsThin Solid Films},
	volume = {515},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 18Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: THSFAdoi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.085Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Sooraj Hussain, N.; DEMM, Faculty of Eng. University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: sooraj@fe.up.ptReferences: Song, J.H., Jong Heo, Park, S.H., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 9441;Chen, Q., Ferraris, M., Menke, Y., Milanese, D., Monchiero, E., (2003) J.Non-Cryst. Solids, 324, p. 1; 
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},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {318 - 325},
	abstract = {This paper reports on the affect of lead content on the absorption and emission spectra of the Ho                        3+ ion doped lead-zinc-borate glasses in the composition (mol\%) of (20 - x)PbO-20ZnO-(59 + x)B
                        2O
                        3-1.0Ho
                        2O
                        3 where x = 0, 5,10,15 of PbO content with λ
                        exc = 405 nm. The experimental absorption band energies have satisfactorily been correlated with the theoretical results with an r.m.s deviation of zero with the following correction factors obtained by a least square fit analysis: ΔE
                        1 = 348.495936 cm
},
	keywords = {Band energies, Doping (additives), Energy gap, glass, Glasses, Holmium, Holmium glasses, Light absorption, Luminescence, Luminescences, Luminescent transitions, Optical properties, Stimulated emission},
	isbn = {00406090 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33750022661\&partnerID=40\&md5=e0d07ec7c39eb6526a2fb633e9e37321},
	author = {Sooraj Hussain, N. and Ali, N. and Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Buddhudu, S.}
}
@article {2422,
	title = {In vivo performance of biodegradable calcium phosphate glass ceramics using the rabbit model: Histological and SEM observation},
	journal = {Journal of Biomaterials ApplicationsJ. Biomater. Appl.},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 10Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBAPEdoi: 10.1177/0885328206052466Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica (INEB), Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: jdsantos@fe.up.ptChemicals/CAS: calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5, 13767-12-9, 14358-97-5, 7758-87-4; Bone Substitutes; calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5; Calcium Phosphates; CeramicsReferences: Parikh, S.N., Bone Graft Substitutes in Modern Orthopedics (2002) Orthopedics, 25 (11), pp. 1301-1309;Tomford, W.W., Bone Allografts: Past, Present and Future (2000) Cell and Tissue Banking, 1, pp. 105-109; 
Betz, R.R., Limitations of Autograft and Allograft: New Synthetic Solutions (2002) Orthopedics, 25 (5), pp. S561-S570; 
Lane, J.M., Tomin, E., Bostrom, M.P.G., Biosynthetic Bone Grafting, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1999) Supplement S, 367, pp. S107-S117; 
Gazdag, A.R., Lane, J.M., Glaser, D., Forster, R.A., Alternatives to Autogenous Bone Graft: Efficacy and Indications (1995) Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 3 (1); 
Vaccaro, A.R., The Role of the Osteoconductive Scaffold in Synthetic Bone Grafts (2002) Orthopedics, 25 (5), pp. S571-S578; 
Damien, C.J., Parsons, J.R., Bone-Graft and Bone-Graft Substitutes - A Review of Current Technology and Applications (1991) Journal of Applied Biomaterials, 2 (3), pp. 187-208; 
Porter, A.E., Patel, N., Skepper, J.N., Best, S.M., Bonfield, W., Comparison of in vivo Dissolution Processes in Hydroxyapatite and Silicon-substituted Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics (2003) Biomaterials, 24 (25), pp. 4609-4620; 
Raynaud, S., Champion, E., Lafon, J.P., Bernache-Assollant, D., Calcium Phosphate Apatites with Variable Ca/P Atomic Ratio III Mechanical Properties and Degradation in Solution of Hot Pressed Ceramics (2002) Biomaterials 23, 4, pp. 1081-1089; 
Klein, C., Wolke, J.G.C., Deblieckhogervorst, J.M.A., Degroot, K., Features of Calcium-Phosphate Plasma-Sprayed Coatings - An in-vitro Study (1994) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 28 (8), pp. 961-967; 
Brow, R.K., Review: The Structure of Simple Phosphate Glasses (2000) Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 263 (1-4), pp. 1-28; 
Shelby, J.E., (1997) Introduction to Glass Science and Technology, , The Royal Society of Chemistry, UK; 
Fini, M., Giardino, R., In vitro and in vivo Tests for the Biological Evaluation of Candidate Orthopedic Materials: Benefits and Limits (2003) Journal of Applied Biomaterials \& Biomechanics, 1, pp. 155-163; 
Ratner, B.D., Hoffman, A.S., Schoen, F.J., Lemons, F.J., (1996) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, , Academic Press; 
Dias, A.G., Lopes, M.A., Gibson, I.R., Santos, J.D., In vitro Degradation Studies of Calcium Phosphate Glass Ceramics Prepared by Controlled Crystallization (2003) Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 330 (1-3), pp. 81-89; 
Dias, A.G., Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., Protein Adsorption Effect on in vitro Acellular Biodegradation of CaO-P 2O 5 Glass Ceramics (2004) Advanced Materials Forum, 455-456, pp. 398-401; 
Dias, A.G., Skakle, J.M.S., Gibson, I.R., Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., In situ Thermal and Structural Characterization of Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Glass Ceramics Containing TiO 2 and MgO Oxides: HT-XRD Studies (2005) Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 351, pp. 810-817; 
Dias, A.G., Tsuru, K., Hayakawa, T., Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., Osaka, A., Crystallisation Studies of Biodegradable CaO-P 2O 5 Glass with MgO and TiO 2 for Bone Regeneration Applications (2004) Glass Technology, 45 (2), pp. 78-79; 
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Dias, A.G., Lopes, M.A., Gibson, I.R., Skakle, J.M.S., Tsuru, K., Hayakawa, S., Osaka, A., Santos, J.D., Studies of Calcium Phosphate Glass Ceramic Containing TiO 2 and MgO Ions: Dissolution Behavior, , vitro (submitted)
},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {253 - 266},
	abstract = {Two MK5 (45CaO-45P                        2O
                        5-5MGO-5K
                        2O, in mol\% and MT13 (45CaO-37P
                        2O
                        5-5MgO-13TiO 
                        2, in mol\%) glasses are prepared in the meta- and pyrophosphate regions and crystallized to obtain MK5B and MT13B, respectively. MK5B was obtained by controlled crystallization, and MT13B by powder sintering. As a result of these heat treatment processes, the crystalline phases precipitated in the glassy matrix are KCa(PO
                        3)
                        3, β-Ca(PO
                        3)
                        2, β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O
                        7 and Ca
                        4P
                        6O
                        19 phases for MK5B and CaTi
                        4(PO
                        4)
                        6, TiP
                        2O
                        7, α- and β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O
                        7 phases for MT13B. To assess the in vivo biological behavior of these glass ceramics, a mixed granulometry in the range 250-355 μm and 355-425 μm with a ratio of 1/1 was implanted for 2, 4, and 12 weeks in the tibiae of Japanese white rabbits. The results showed that the in vivo behavior was strongly affected by their solubility. All implanted materials, MK5B and MT13B, and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as control material, showed signs of degradation in vivo. However, the levels of degradation were quite different throughout the implantation periods. The highest degradation was observed for MK5B glass ceramic and the lowest for MT13B with β-TCP in-between. All implanted materials allow for new bone formation in the bone defect area. At the longest implantation period (12 weeks), the MT13B and β-TCP materials were almost completely surrounded by new bone tissue, whereas MK5B showed some unfilled spaces. This behavior is discussed in terms of the high degradation observed in previous studies. {\textcopyright} 2006 SAGE Publications.
},
	keywords = {Absorbable Implants, animal, Animals, article, Biodegradable glass ceramics, biodegradable implant, Biodegradation, bone prosthesis, Bone Substitutes, bone tissue, Calcium Compounds, calcium phosphate, Calcium phosphates, ceramics, chemistry, disease model, Disease Models, Animal, glass, Glass ceramics, histology, Imaging techniques, In vivo testing, materials testing, Optical microscopy, Pathology, rabbit, Rabbits, Scanning electron microscopy, tibia fracture, Tibial Fractures, Tissue, treatment outcome, X ray diffraction analysis},
	isbn = {08853282 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-31644441745\&partnerID=40\&md5=68f1ef16695697c5125c50fd348eccb0},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Afonso, A. and Tsuru, K. and Osaka, A. and Hayakawa, S. and Takashima, S. and Kurabayashi, Y.}
}
@article {2456,
	title = {In situ thermal and structural characterization of bioactive calcium phosphate glass ceramics containing TiO                    2 and MgO oxides: High temperature - XRD studies
},
	journal = {Journal of Non-Crystalline SolidsJ Non Cryst Solids},
	volume = {351},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 24Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JNCSBdoi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.01.060Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; Depto. De Engenharia Metalurgica E., Faculdade De Engenharia Da Univ. D., Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: jdsantos@fe.up.ptReferences: Franks, K., Abrahams, I., Georgiou, G., Knowles, J.C., (2001) Biomaterials, 22, p. 497;Rizkalla, A.S., Jones, D.W., Clarke, D.B., Hall, G.C., (1996) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 32, p. 119; 
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},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {810 - 817},
	abstract = {This study aims to develop glass ceramics in the calcium phosphate system that exhibit suitable properties to be used for biomedical applications. Calcium phosphate glasses with the incorporation of small additions of MgO and TiO                        2 oxides were prepared in the pyro-and orthophosphate regions. The glass ceramics were prepared by a controlled powder sintering process through heat-treatment at different temperatures, as defined by results from differential thermal analysis (DTA). The composition of the crystalline phases precipitated in the glassy matrix as a result of heat treatments at different temperatures, ranging from 681 to 725 {\textdegree}C, was determined from X-ray diffraction data. The sequence of phase crystallization in the mother glass was also studied in situ using high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) analysis. Results showed that the first phases that precipitated in the glass matrix were α- and β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O
                        7 at 620 {\textdegree}C. A small amount of CaTi
                        4(PO
                        4)
                        6 appeared at 630 {\textdegree}C. At 650 {\textdegree}C the three phases α-Ca
                        2P
                        2O 
                        7, β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O
                        7 and CaTi 
                        4(PO
                        4)
                        6 were clearly presented with a small amount of TiP
                        2O
                        7 and finally at 660 {\textdegree}C all four phases were observed. Glass ceramics were also characterized using Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study demonstrates that, by altering the heat treatment cycle, it is possible to prepare glass ceramics in the calcium phosphate system that contains different bioactive and biocompatible phases. {\textcopyright} 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
},
	keywords = {Biocompatibility, Calcium Compounds, Calcium phosphate systems, Cavity fillers, Computer software, Crystallinity, Differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Glass ceramics, Magnesia, Phase analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Titanium dioxide, X ray diffraction analysis, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {00223093 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-17144386654\&partnerID=40\&md5=62eb1a16abd917d2ab97537b33d7197c},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Skakle, J.M.S. and Gibson, I.R. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D.}
}
@article {2448,
	title = {In vitro studies of calcium phosphate glass ceramics with different solubility with the use of human bone marrow cells},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part AJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A},
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	year = {2005},
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Bellows, C.G., Aubin, J.E., Heersche, J.N.M., Initiation and progression of mineralization of bone nodules formed in vitro: The role of alkaline phosphatase and organic phosphate (1991) Bone Mineral, 14, pp. 27-40; 
Stein, G.S., Lian, J.B., Stein, J.L., Van Wijnen, A.J., Frenkel, B., Montecino, M., Mechanism regulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation (1996) Principles of Bone Biology, pp. 69-83. , Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Rodan GA, editors. New York: Academic Press; 
Chun, S., Na, S.W., Lee, J.H., Chung, J.P., Ryu, I.C., Kim, S.Y., Biodegradation study of potassium calcium metaphosphate in the SBF and Tris-buffer solution (2002) Key Eng Mater, 218-220, pp. 149-152; 
Ploska, U., Berger, G., Solubility of compositions in the system CaTi xZr 4 - X(PO 4) 6 with x = 0-4 (1997) Biomaterials, 18, pp. 1671-1675; 
Dias, A.G., Skakle, J.M.S., Gibson, I.R., Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., In situ thermal and structural characterization of bioactive calcium phosphate glass ceramics containing TiO 2 and MgO oxides: HT-XRD studies (2005) J Non-Cryst Solids, , Forthcoming; 
Chun, S., Jeong, J.H., Kim, K.H., Kim, S., Biodegradation study of amorphous and crystalline calcium metaphosphate in SBF and Tris-buffer solution (2001) Key Eng Mater, 192-195, pp. 131-134; 
Elghannam, A., Ducheyne, P., Shapiro, I.M., Bioactive material template for in vitro synthesis of bone (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 359-370; 
Kitsugi, T.T., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Oka, M., Transmission electron microscopy observations at the interface of bone and four types of calcium phosphate ceramics with different calcium/phosphorous molar ratios (1995) Biomaterials, 16, pp. 1101-1107; 
Gross, U., Muller-Mai, C., Voigt, C., Mesgarian, M., Berger, G., Ploska, U., Tissue response in the femur of rabbits after implantation of a new calcium titanium phosphate composition (2001) Key Eng Mater, 192-195, pp. 383-386; 
Hill, P.A., Orth, M., Bone remodeling - Review (1998) Br J Orthod, 25, pp. 101-107
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {347 - 355},
	abstract = {Two glass ceramics in the CaO-P                        2O
                        5-MgO system with the incorporation of K
                        2O or TiO
                        2 oxides were prepared with the goal of using them as potential bone graft substitutes. The incorporation of TiO
                        2 and K
                        2O led to the preparation of specific crystalline phases in the structure of the glass ceramics, which show different degrees of biodegradation. In fact, the 45CaO-45P
                        2O 
                        5-5MgO-5K
                        2O has been previously demonstrated to be much more soluble in aqueous solutions than the 45CaO-37P
                        2O 
                        5-5MgO-13TiO
                        2 glass ceramic. The in vitro biological activity of the two calcium phosphate glass ceramics was studied with the use of human bone marrow osteoblast cell cultures maintained for 28 days, and seeded materials were assessed for cell proliferation and function. The Ti-containing glass ceramic showed a stable surface throughout the culture time, on macroscopic and SEM observation. Osteoblast cells proliferated gradually, especially during the third week, with a high alkaline phosphatase activity and formation of a mineralized matrix. On SEM observation, attached cells appeared with a spreadpolygonal morphology typical of the osteoblast cells, with extensive cell-to-cell contact. Cell behavior on the seeded material was similar to that found on cultures performed on tissue-culture-grade polystyrene; except for the presence of lower cell numbers during the first 2 weeks. By contrast, the K-containing glass ceramic showed a highly instable surface with dissolution/precipitation processes occurring throughout the culture time. Few cells adhered to the material surface, and subsequent proliferation was also hindered, especially from the first week onwards. Cell numbers were significantly lower than those observed in the Ti-containing glass ceramic during most of the incubation time. Results suggest that the different in vitro biological behavior of these two glass ceramics is mainly due to the significant differences in the surface degradation rate, which is directly correlated to the chemical composition of the mother glass. {\textcopyright} 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
},
	keywords = {alkaline phosphatase, aqueous solution, article, Biodegradation, Bone, Bone graft, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, bone mineralization, bone prosthesis, Calcium Compounds, calcium phosphate, Calcium phosphate glass ceramic, Calcium phosphate glass ceramics, Calcium phosphates, cell contact, Cell culture, cell proliferation, Cells, ceramics, chemical composition, controlled study, crystal structure, Dissolution, enzyme activity, extracellular matrix, glass, Glass ceramics, human, Human bone marrow cells, human cell, Humans, in vitro study, In vitro testing, Magnesia, magnesium derivative, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, polystyrene, Precipitation (chemical), Scanning electron microscopy, Solubility, Spectrum Analysis, Surface treatment, Titanium dioxide},
	isbn = {00219304 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-23844483883\&partnerID=40\&md5=722984f31e5a2ccf0f02a5bf5f182aaf},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Trigo Cabral, A.T. and Santos, J.D. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@book {2436,
	title = {The influence of pre-incubation treatment in the in vitro biological performance of degradable CaO-P                    2O
                    5 glass ceramics
},
	series = {Key Engineering MaterialsKey Eng Mat},
	volume = {284-286},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 1Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: KEMAELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Dias, A.G.; FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, DEMM, Rua Dr. Roberta Frias, 4200 Porto, Portugal; email: pde99423@fe.up.ptReferences: Damien, C.J., Bone graft and bone graft substitutes a review of current technology and applications (1997) Journal of Applied Biomaterial, 2, pp. 187-208;Dias, A.G., In vitro degradation studies of calcium phosphate glass ceramics prepared by controlled crystallization (2003) Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 330 (1-3), pp. 81-89; 
Dias, A.G., Crystallization studies of biodegradable CaO-P 2O 5 glass with MgO and TiO 2 for bone regeneration applications (2004) Glass Technology, 45 (2), pp. 78-79; 
Anselme, K., Osteoblast adhesion on biomaterials (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 667-681
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {565 - 568},
	abstract = {Based upon the CaO-P                        2O
                        5 glass system, two glass ceramics were prepared in the meta-, pyro- and orthophosphate regions. The present work describes results concerning the biological activity of MT13B (45CaO-37P
                        2O
                        5-5MgO-13TiO
                        2, in mol \%) and MK5B (45CaO-45P
                        2O
                        5-5MgO-5K
                        2O, in mol \%) using MG63 osteoblast-like cells cultured for 6 days. The influence of a 24h pretreatment with culture medium before cell culture was also evaluated (MT13Bi; MK5Bi). Both "as-received" and pre-treated material samples supported cell growth, which increased with the culture time. Pre-treatment resulted in an increase of adhered cells on both materials (day 1). Throughout the culture time (days 3 and 6), MT13Bi presented higher cell numbers than that of MT13B, but no differences were found between MK5Bi and MK5B. In addition, cell growth was significantly lower in the K-containing glass ceramic in both experimental situations comparing with Ti-containing glass ceramic. SEM and confocal microscopy observation showed that cell adhesion and spreading were hampered on MK5B samples. Evident macroscopic and microscopic surface instability was observed on this material with simultaneous dissolution/precipitation processes. By contrast, MT13B presented a relatively stable surface throughout the culture time. Results suggest that the pre-incubation with culture medium improves the adhesion of the osteoblast cells to both glass ceramics and that the high degradation rate of MK5B hinders the in vitro biological performance of this material.
},
	keywords = {Bioactivity, biodegradability, Biodegradable glass ceramics, Calcium Compounds, Cell culture, cell growth, Glass ceramics, MG63 osteoblast-like cells, Orthophosphate, Osteoblasts, Pretreatment},
	isbn = {10139826 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645201818\&partnerID=40\&md5=561c15b59394edb3a198cfad0225ac84},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@book {2488,
	title = {Biological Activity of Two Glass Ceramics in the Meta- and Pyrophosphate Region: A Comparative Study},
	series = {Key Engineering MaterialsKey Eng Mat},
	volume = {254-256},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Conference code: 62053Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: KEMAELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Dias, A.G.; Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, DEMM, Rua Dr. Roberta Frias, 4200 Porto, PortugalReferences: Dias, A.G., Lopes, M.A., Gibson, I., Santos, J.D., J. Non-Crystal. Solids, , in press;Dias, A.G., Lopes, M.A., Tsuru, K., Hayakawa, S., Santos, J.D., Osaka, A., Physiscs and Chemistry of Glasses, , in press; 
Dias, A.G., Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., Advance Materials Science, , in press; 
Rykke, M., Rolla, G., Sonju, T., (1988) Scand. J. Dent. Res., 96, pp. 517-522
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {825 - 828},
	address = {Porto},
	abstract = {Based upon the CaO-P                        2O
                        5 glass system, two glass ceramics were prepared in the metaand pyrophosphate regions. The present work describes preliminary results concerning the biological activity of MK5B (45CaO-45P
                        2O
                        5-5MgO-5K20, in mol \%) and MT13B (45CaO-37P
                        2O
                        55-5MgO-13TiO
                        2, in mol \%) using MG63 osteoblast-like cells. Both materials supported cell growth and proliferation which increased with the incubation time. However, cell growth was significantly lower on seeded MK5B samples. SEM observation showed that cell adhesion and spreading were hampered on this material. Evident degradation of the material surface was observed with simultaneous cell proliferation and material precipitation. By contrast, MT13B presented a relatively stable surface throughout the culture time. Results suggest that the in vitro biological behaviour of MK5B and MT13B is related with differences in the degradation rates of the two materials during the culture time.
},
	keywords = {Adhesion, Biodegradable glass ceramics, Biodegradation, Bone, cell proliferation, Cells, Crystallization, Degradation, Glass ceramics, incubation time, MG63 osteoblast-like cells, Scanning electron microscopy, X ray diffraction},
	isbn = {10139826 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0348146001\&partnerID=40\&md5=5245524d4dfb5615946aadcf5eb7c37a},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Costa, M.A. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Fernandas, M.H.},
	editor = {Barbosa M.A. and Monteiro F.J. and Correia R. and Leon B.}
}
@article {2483,
	title = {Crystallisation studies of biodegradable CaO-P                    2O
                    5 glass with MgO and TiO
                    2 for bone regeneration applications
},
	journal = {Glass TechnologyGlass Technol},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: GLSTALanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; INEB, Inst. de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: jdsantos@fe.up.ptReferences: Siligardi, C., D{\textquoteright}Arrigo, M.C., Leonelli, C., Sintering behavior of glass ceramics frits (2000) Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., pp. 88-92;Clarck, T.J., Reed, J.S., Kinetic processes involved in the sintering and crystallization of glass powders (1986) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 69 (11), pp. 837-846; 
Karmakar, B., Kundu, P., Jana, S., Dwivedi, R.N., Crystallization kinetics and mechanism of low-expansion lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics by dilatometry (2002) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 85 (10), pp. 2572-2577; 
Zhang, Y., Santos, J.D., Crystallization and microstructure analysis of calcium phosphate-based glass ceramics for biomedical applications (2000) J. Non-cryst. Solids, 272 (1), pp. 14-21; 
Ryu, H.-S., Youn, H.-J., Chang, B.-S., Lee, C.-K., Chung, S.-S., An improvement in sintering property of β-tricalcium phosphate by addition of calcium pyrophosphate (2002) Biomaterials, 23, pp. 909-914; 
Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Ota, M., Transmission electron microscopy observations at the interface of bone and four types of calcium phosphate ceramics with different calcium/phosphorous molar ratios (1995) Biomaterials, 16, pp. 1101-1107
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {78 - 79},
	abstract = {CaO-P                        2O
                        5 glass ceramics with small additions of MgO and TiO
                        2 were prepared in the ortho and pyrophosphate regions by powder sintering and crystallisation through heat treatment at different temperatures determined from differential thermal analysis (DTA). The glass ceramics were analysed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and it was observed that α- and β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O
                        7 were the first phases to precipitate in the parent glass matrix at a temperature of 681{\textdegree}C, followed by CaTi
                        4(PO
                        4)
                        6 and TiP 
                        2O
                        7 at temperatures between 703 and 725{\textdegree}C. The β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O
                        7 and CaTi
                        4(PO 
                        4)
                        6 phases are usually considered as biocompatible and bioactive and, therefore, these glass ceramics seem to show good potential for bone regeneration applications.
},
	keywords = {Biodegradation, Bone Regeneration, Crystallization, Differential thermal analysis, Diffractometers, Glass ceramics, Glass matrix, Glass transition, Laser diffraction, Lime, Magnesia, methanol, Monochromators, Precipitation (chemical), Temperature scanning, Titanium dioxide, X ray powder diffraction},
	isbn = {00171050 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3042549927\&partnerID=40\&md5=62f3cbbb74e944ac2e066db7432db201},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Tsuru, K. and Hayakawa, S. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Osaka, A.}
}
@book {2476,
	title = {Protein adsorption effect on in vitro acellular biodegradation of CaO-P                    2O
                    5 glass ceramics
},
	series = {Materials Science ForumMater Sci Forum},
	volume = {455-456},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Conference code: 63332Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: MSFOELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; Inst. de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: jdsantos@fe.up.ptReferences: Zeng, Chittur, K.K., Lacefield, W.R., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 377;Ohta, Monna, H., Takahashi, S., (2001) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 55, p. 409; 
Zyman, Z., Dedukh, N.V., Glusko, V.I., Shcherbyna, S.V., (2002) 17 th European Society for Biomaterials Conference Proceedings, , Barcelona; 
Krajewski, Malavoti, R., Piancatelli, A., (1996) Biomaterials, 17, p. 53; 
El-Ghannam, Ducheyne, P., Shapiro, I.M., (1997) Biomaterials, 18 (4); 
Takami, (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 40, p. 24; 
Puleo, A., Bizios, R., (1992) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 26, p. 291; 
Dubois, C., Souchier, C., Couble, M.L., Exbrayat, P., Lissac, M., (1999) Biomat., 20, p. 1841; 
Green, J., Davies, M.C., Roberts, C.J., Tendler, S.J.B., (1997) Biomaterials, 18, p. 405; 
Haynes, C.A., Norde, W., (1994) Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2, p. 517; 
Dias, G., Lopes, M.A., Gibson, I.R., Santos, J.D., (2002) 17 th Europ. Soc. for Biomat. Conf. Proc., , Barcelona; 
Chun, Na, S.W., Lee, J.H., Chung, J.P., Ryu, I.C., Kim, S.Y., (2002) Key Eng. Mat., 218-220, p. 149
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {398 - 401},
	address = {Caparica},
	abstract = {This work reports the in vitro accelular behaviour of a glass ceramic (45P                        2O
                        5-45CaO-5MgO-5K
                        2O), which has significant potential for being used as an alloplastic bone graft. Experiments were carried out by immersing granule samples for a period up to 90 days in Trisbuffer solution at pH 7.4, in the presence and absence of a foetal bovine serum (FBS). The release of calcium, phosphorus, and potassium ions as well as the amount of protein adsorbed was followed by several techniques. The results obtained seem to indicate that the adsorption of proteins on the surface of the material, although causing an initial delay in the degradation, does not hamper the ionic exchange and therefore it is not a barrier for the degradation of the glass ceramic.
},
	keywords = {Adsorption, Bioceramics, Biodegradation, Calcium Compounds, Foetal bovine serum (FBS), Glass ceramics, Hard tissue, Ion exchange, Ionic strength, pH effects, Protein adhesion, Proteins, Tissue},
	isbn = {02555476 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3142740181\&partnerID=40\&md5=5452672cf92db3be0d9f232ce3b1a83e},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D.},
	editor = {Martins R. and Fortunato E. and Ferreira I. and Dias C.}
}
@article {2505,
	title = {In vitro degradation studies of calcium phosphate glass ceramics prepared by controlled crystallization},
	journal = {Journal of Non-Crystalline SolidsJ Non Cryst Solids},
	volume = {330},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 28Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JNCSBdoi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.08.056Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.D.; Depto. de Engenharia Metalurgica, Fac. de Engenharia da Univ. do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: jdsantos@fe.up.ptReferences: Hall, B.K., (1992) Bone, Fracture Repair and Regeneration, 5. , CRC;Vidal, J., Dossa, J., Le Tissu Osseux (1990) Collection: Biologie de l{\textquoteright}Appareil Locomoteur, , L. Teot (Ed.); 
Legeros, R.Z., (1991) Calcium Phosphates in Oral Biology and Medicine, , H.M. Meyers, N.Y. Karger (Eds.); 
Yamamuro, T., Hench, L.L., Wilson, J., Handbook of Bioactive Ceramics (1990) Bioactive Glasses and Glass Ceramics, 1. , Takao (Ed.), CRC; 
Hench, L.L., Wilson, J., Wilson, J., Handbook of Bioactive Ceramics (1990) Calcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite Ceramics, 2. , Yamamuro T. (Ed.), CRC; 
Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Oka, M., (1995) Biomaterials, 16, p. 1101; 
Kasuga, T., Abe, Y., (1999) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 243, p. 70; 
Zhang, Y., Santos, J.D., (2000) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 272, p. 14; 
Hartmann, P., Vogel, J., Schnabel, B., (1994) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 176, p. 157; 
Brow, R.K., (2000) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 263-264, p. 1; 
Jones, A.R., Winter, R., Greaves, G.N., Smith, I.H., (2001) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 293-295, p. 87; 
Cl{\'e}ment, J., Manero, J.M., Planell, J.A., Avila, G., Mart{\'\i}nez, S., (1999) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 10, p. 729; 
Zhang, Y., Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., (2001) Key Eng. Mater., 192-195, p. 643; 
Uo, M., Mizuno, M., Kuboki, Y., Makishima, A., Watari, F., (1998) Biomaterials, 19, p. 2277; 
Franks, K., Abrahams, I., Knowles, J.C., (2000) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 11, p. 609; 
Kasuga, T., Abe, Y., (1998) J. Mater. Res., 13 (12), p. 3357; 
Franks, K., Abrahams, I., Georgiou, G., Knowles, J.C., (2001) Biomaterials, 22, p. 497; 
Hill, R.J., Howard, C.J., (1987) J. Appl. Crystallogr., 20, p. 467; 
Nyquist, R.A., (1997) Handbook of Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic Compounds and Organics Salts (a4 - Volume Set), , Academic Press; 
Nan, Y., Lee, W.E., James, P.F., (1992) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 75 (6), p. 1641; 
Reaney, I.M., James, P.F., Lee, W.E., (1996) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 79 (7), p. 1934; 
Shi, W., James, P.F., (1991) Proceedings of a Conference on Physics of Non-crystalline Solids, , University of Cambridge, UK; 
Kasuga, T., Abe, Y., (1988) Proceedings of the XVIII International Congress on Glass, p. 31. , American Ceramic Society; 
Chun, S., Na, S.W., Lee, J.H., Chung, J.P., Ryu, I.C., Kim, S.Y., (2002) Key Eng. Mater., 218-220, p. 149
},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {81 - 89},
	abstract = {Calcium phosphate glass ceramics with incorporation of small additions of two nucleating agents, MgO and K                        2O were prepared in the metaphosphate and pyrophosphate region, using an appropriate two-step heat treatment of controlled crystallization defined by differential thermal analysis results. Identification and quantification of crystalline phases precipitated from the calcium phosphate glass were performed using X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis. The β-Ca
                        2P
                        2O 
                        7 (β-DCP), KCa(PO
                        3)
                        3, β-Ca(PO 
                        3)
                        2 and Ca
                        4P
                        6O
                        19 phases were detected in the glass ceramics. In order to evaluate the degradation of the glass ceramics prepared, degradation studies were carried out during 42 days in Tris-HCl solution at 37 {\textdegree}C, pH 7.4, using granules in the range of 355-415 μm. The materials presented a weight loss ranging up to 12\%. The ions leached during the immersion mainly originated from the KCa(PO 
                        3)
                        3 phase, probably due to the presence of K
                        + ion in the calcium metaphosphate, and the residual glassy phase. The structural changes at the surface of materials during degradation have been analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that significant surface changes occurred with immersion time, with the decrease of KCa(PO
                        3)
                        3, β-Ca
                        2P 
                        2O
                        7 and β-Ca(PO
                        3)
                        2 phases occurring at different periods of immersion. This study has demonstrated an easy way to prepared calcium phosphate materials with specific calcium phosphate phases and crystallization, and therefore specific degradation rates. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
},
	keywords = {Calcium Compounds, Crystallization, Degradation, Differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Glass ceramics, Heat treatment, Nucleating agents, Nucleation, X ray diffraction},
	isbn = {00223093 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242365617\&partnerID=40\&md5=ae711b7199b40fd65fe3d89e4a14903b},
	author = {Dias, A.G. and Lopes, M.A. and Gibson, I.R. and Santos, J.D.}
}
