



@article {2321,
	title = {Cytotoxicity evaluation of nanocrystalline diamond coatings by fibroblast cell cultures},
	journal = {Acta BiomaterialiaActa Biomater.},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 8Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.08.015PubMed ID: 18819854Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amaral, M.; CICECO, Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; email: margarida.amaral@ua.ptChemicals/CAS: 3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 298-93-1; diamond, 7782-40-3; polystyrene, 9003-53-6; silicon nitride, 12033-89-5; Culture Media; Diamond, 7782-40-3References: Griffin, J., Ray, P.C., Role of inert gas in the low-temperature nano-diamond chemical vapour deposition process (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 1225-1229;Mitura, S., Mitura, K., Niedzielski, P., Louda, P., Danilenko, V., Nanocrystalline diamond, its synthesis, properties and applications (2006) J Achievements Mater Manuf Eng, 16, pp. 9-16; 
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},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {755 - 763},
	abstract = {The cytotoxicity profile of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings on a Si                        3N
                        4 ceramic was investigated. This material is envisaged to have biomedical dental applications such as burrs and surgical instruments. Two fibroblast cell culture systems were used to address the cytotoxicity of NCD-coated samples: L929 cells (a mouse permanent cell line) and human gingival fibroblasts. Cell behavior was evaluated in terms of cell adhesion, cell viability/proliferation (mitochondrial function, MTT assay) and the pattern of cell growth. Fibroblast cell behavior on standard polystyrene culture plates was used as control, as Si
                        3N
                        4 substrates have previously been shown to be biocompatible. NCD coatings provided a suitable surface for cell attachment, spreading and proliferation. Human gingival cells showed a homogeneous cytoplasm spreading, a flattened elongated morphology and a typical parallel alignment on confluent cultures. In comparison, L929 cells denoted a lower cytoplasm expansion, a heterogeneous spreading but a higher proliferation rate. For both cells, after few days, the NCD coating was completely covered with continuous cell layers. As compared to standard polystyrene culture plates, no deleterious or cytotoxic responses were observed with L929 and human fibroblast cell cultures, and in both a slight enhancement in cell proliferation was observed. In addition, the seeded NCD film allowed reproduction of the typical features of the two cell culture systems tested, further suggesting the lack of cytotoxicity of this coating. {\textcopyright} 2008 Acta Materialia Inc.
},
	keywords = {3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, animal cell, Animals, article, Biocompatibility, Biomedical dental applications, biomedicine, cell adhesion, Cell Division, cell function, cell growth, Cell Line, cell proliferation, cell spreading, cell structure, cell surface, cell survival, cell viability, ceramics, controlled study, Culture Media, cytoplasm, Cytotoxicity, dentistry, diamond, Fibroblast cell cultures, fibroblast culture, Fibroblasts, gingiva, human, human cell, Humans, material coating, Mice, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, mitochondrial respiration, mouse, nanocrystal, Nanocrystalline diamond coating, Nanostructures, nonhuman, polystyrene, priority journal, Silicon nitride, Surgical instrument},
	isbn = {17427061 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58049191417\&partnerID=40\&md5=f75616146e61ce84434c5481a2b8eec3},
	author = {Amaral, M. and Gomes, P.S. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Silva, R.F. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@article {2355,
	title = {Biocompatibility evaluation of DLC-coated Si                    3N
                    4 substrates for biomedical applications
},
	journal = {Diamond and Related MaterialsDiamond Relat. Mat.},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 30Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: DRMTEdoi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2007.08.019Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Silva, R.F.; CICECO, Glass and Ceramics Eng. Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; email: rsilva@cv.ua.ptReferences: Sargeant, A., Goswami, T., (2006) Mater. Des., 27, p. 287;Petzow, G., Herrmann, M., (2002) Structure and Bonding, 102, p. 47. , Janson M. (Ed), Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 
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},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {878 - 881},
	abstract = {DLC coatings are of enormous interest for biotribological applications due to their biocompatibility, auto-lubricious, and non-stick properties. The most demanding implant is the hip joint. Alternative materials to metal alloys are being increasingly investigated aiming low wear debris volume, in any case innocuous wear particles. Silicon nitride (Si                        3N
                        4) ceramics are light, tough, mechanical resistant, inert materials, turning them suitable for high-load medical applications. In this study, Si
                        3N
                        4 polished substrates were coated with adherent DLC coatings grown by DC magnetron sputtering to reduce of the friction forces against any antagonist material. Surface characterization results showed that the developed material is quite hydrophobic, with a total surface tension of 45.7~mN/m (polar component: 9.1~mN/m; dispersive component: 36.6~mN/m), and a zeta potential of - 35.0 {\textpm} 1.3~mV. In vitro testing using an acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) showed no apatite layer formation ability, as confirmed by SEM observation and analysis of the solution ions concentration with immersion time. MG63 osteoblast-like cells showed poor adhesion on the DLC films but the adherent cells displayed a normal morphology and, as compared to standard polystyrene tissue culture plates, exhibited a higher cell growth rate, suggesting no indication of cytotoxicity. Results suggested that the novel DLC-coated Si
                        3N
                        4 biomaterial should be adequate to be used for articular prostheses medical application. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
},
	keywords = {Biocompatibility, Biomedical applications, Cell cultures, Coatings, Diamond like carbon films, DLC coatings, Hip joint, hydrophobicity, Magnetron sputtering, Medical applications, Metal alloys, Simulated body fluid (SBF), Tribology, Wear of materials},
	isbn = {09259635 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-42949123193\&partnerID=40\&md5=cd3b4088694ff1912985627d87f7e090},
	author = {Salgueiredo, E. and Vila, M. and Silva, M.A. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Costa, F.M. and Silva, R.F. and Gomes, P.S. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@article {2352,
	title = {Cell-induced response by tetracyclines on human bone marrow colonized hydroxyapatite and Bonelike                    {\textregistered}
                
},
	journal = {Acta BiomaterialiaActa Biomater.},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 9Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.12.006PubMed ID: 18291737Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Fernandes, M.H.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Farmacologia e Biocompatibilidade Celular, Faculdade de Medicina Dent{\'a}ria, Universidade do Porto (FMDUP), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, s/n, 4200-392 Porto, Portugal; email: mhrf@portugalmail.ptChemicals/CAS: calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5, 13767-12-9, 14358-97-5, 7758-87-4; doxycycline, 10592-13-9, 17086-28-1, 564-25-0; hydroxyapatite, 1306-06-5, 51198-94-8; minocycline, 10118-90-8, 11006-27-2, 13614-98-7; Alkaline Phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.1; Bone Substitutes; Calcium, 7440-70-2; Culture Media; Durapatite, 1306-06-5; Minerals; Tetracycline, 60-54-8Tradenames: BonelikeReferences: Chambers, H., Protein synthesis inhibitors and miscellaneous antibacterial agents (2006) Goodman and Gilman{\textquoteright}s - The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, pp. 1173-1202. , Brunton L. (Ed), McGraw-Hill, Germany;Alkan, A., Erdem, E., Gunhan, O., Karasu, C., Histomorphometric evaluation of the effect of doxycycline on the healing of bone defects in experimental diabetes mellitus: a pilot study (2002) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 60, p. 898; 
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},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {630 - 637},
	abstract = {Semi-synthetic tetracyclines are commonly used antibiotics that also seem to play an important role in the modulation of the immuno-inflammatory imbalance, verified in several bone diseases. The association of a therapeutic agent (that prevents bacterial infection and induces tissue formation) to a biomaterial aiming to repair/regenerate bone defects could contribute to a more predictable clinical outcome. The present study intends to evaluate the proliferation and functional activity of osteoblast-induced human bone marrow cells, cultured on the surface of hydroxyapatite (HA) and Bonelike                        {\textregistered}, in the presence of therapeutic concentrations of doxycycline and minocycline. First passage bone marrow cells were cultured for 35 days on the surface of HA and Bonelike
                        {\textregistered} discs, in the absence or presence of 1 μg ml
},
	keywords = {adult, alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme, antimicrobial activity, article, Bacteria (microorganisms), bone infection, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Substitutes, Bonelike, Calcium, calcium phosphate, Cell culture, cell function, cell proliferation, cell survival, cell viability, Cells, Cultured, concentration response, controlled study, Culture Media, culture medium, doxycycline, Durapatite, enzyme activity, extracellular matrix, glass, human, human cell, Humans, hydroxyapatite, implant, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Middle Aged, Minerals, minocycline, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, priority journal, Scanning electron microscopy, stroma cell, Tetracycline, tetracycline derivative, Tetracyclines, X-Ray Diffraction},
	isbn = {17427061 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41549100057\&partnerID=40\&md5=da9f976ed0f5c4ac2999670cc373bdd3},
	author = {Gomes, P.S. and Santos, J.D. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@article {2341,
	title = {Nanocrystalline diamond as a coating for joint implants: Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility assessment},
	journal = {Journal of NanomaterialsJ. Nanomater.},
	volume = {2008},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusArt. No.: 894352doi: 10.1155/2008/894352Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Silva, R. F.; Departamento de Engenharia Cer{\^a}mica e Vidro, Centro de Investiga{\c c}{\~a}o em Materiais Cer{\^a}micos e Comp{\'o}sitos (CICECO), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; email: rsilva@ua.ptReferences: Grabarczyk, J., Batory, D., Louda, P., Couvrat, P., Kotela, I., Bakowicz Mitura, K., Carbon coatings for medical implants (2007) Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 20 (20), pp. 107-110;Jakubowski, W., Bartosz, G., Niedzielski, P., Szymanski, W., Walkowiak, B., Nanocrystalline diamond surface is resistant to bacterial colonization (2004) Diamond and Related Materials, 13 (10), pp. 1761-1763; 
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},
	month = {2008///},
	abstract = {Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings combine a very low surface roughness with the outstanding diamond properties, such as superlative hardness, low self-friction coefficient, high wear and corrosion resistance, and biotolerance, which are ideal features for applications in medicine (knee and hip replacement) and surgical tools. The present work presents a comprehensive study of the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of NCD films grown by hot-filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) technique, aiming such future applications. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro by seeding human gingival fibroblasts on the NCD surface for 14 days, while specific biocompatibility was assessed on samples seeded with human bone marrow-derived osteoblasts during 21 days. The NCD coatings proved to be noncytotoxic in the preliminary human gingival fibroblast cell cultures, as denoted by a notable sequence of cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation events. In the specific biocompatibility assay envisaging bone tissue applications, NCD coatings induced human osteoblast proliferation and the stimulation of differentiation markers, compared to standard polystyrene tissue culture plates. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2008.},
	isbn = {16874110 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-49749138226\&partnerID=40\&md5=4ff56cef8d03fc8708bd965fe1b64ee0},
	author = {Amaral, M. and Gomes, P.S. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Silva, R.F. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@article {2337,
	title = {Nanocrystalline diamond: In vitro biocompatibility assessment by MG63 and human bone marrow cells cultures},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part AJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 25Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRCdoi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31742PubMed ID: 18085649Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Silva, R. F.; CICECO, Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; email: rsilva@cv.ua.ptChemicals/CAS: diamond, 7782-40-3; polystyrene, 9003-53-6; silicon nitride, 12033-89-5; Alkaline Phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.1; Ceramics; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Diamond, 7782-40-3; Silicon Compounds; silicon nitride, 12033-89-5References: Ratner, B.D., Hoffman, A.S., Schoen, A.S., Lemons, J.E., (1996) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, , New York: Academic Press;;Emery, D.F.G., Clarke, H.J., Grover, M.L., Stanmore total hip replacement in younger patients: Review of a group of patients under 50 years of age at operation (1997) J Bone Joint Surg, 79, pp. 240-246; 
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},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {91 - 99},
	abstract = {Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) has a great potential for prosthetic implants coating. Nevertheless, its biocompatibility still has to be better understood. To do so, we employed several materials characterization techniques (SEM, AFM, micro-Raman spectroscopy) and cell culture assays using MG63 osteoblast-like and human bone marrow cells. Biochemical routines (MTT assays, Lowry{\textquoteright}s method, ALP activity) supported by SEM and confocal microscopy characterization were carried out. We used silicon nitride (Si                        3N
                        4) substrates for NCD coatings based on a previous demonstration of the superior adhesion and tribological performance of these NCD coated ceramics. Results demonstrate an improved human osteoblast proliferation and the stimulation of differentiated markers, like ALP activity and matrix mineralization, compared with standard polystyrene tissue culture plates. The nanometric featuring of NCD, associated to its chemical affinity are key points for bone regeneration purposes. {\textcopyright} 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
},
	keywords = {adult, alkaline phosphatase, ALP activity, Animal cell culture, Architectural acoustics, article, Atomic force microscopy, Biocompatibility, Bone, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Regeneration, Cell culture, cell proliferation, cell survival, Cells, Cells, Cultured, ceramics, Cladding (coating), Coated Materials, Biocompatible, confocal microscopy, controlled study, diamond, Diamonds, enzyme activity, extracellular matrix, human, Human bone marrow cells, human cell, Humans, Imaging techniques, Implants (surgical), In vitro biocompatibility, in vitro selection, Joint replacement, male, Materials characterization, materials testing, Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Microscopic examination, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, mineralization, MTT assaying, Nano-crystalline diamond, nanocrystal, Nanocrystalline alloys, Nanocrystalline materials, nanoparticles, Nanostructured materials, Nitrides, Nonmetals, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, polystyrene, Prostheses and Implants, Raman spectrometry, Scanning electron microscopy, Secondary emission, Silicon, Silicon compounds, Silicon nitride, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Surface Properties, Tissue engineering},
	isbn = {15493296 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-51849084188\&partnerID=40\&md5=a41a73f23c0c63950b4613f44d51bd23},
	author = {Amaral, M. and Dias, A.G. and Gomes, P.S. and Lopes, M.A. and Silva, R.F. and Santos, J.D. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
