



@article {3296,
	title = {Hydrogel depots for local co-delivery of osteoinductive peptides and mesenchymal stem cells},
	journal = {Journal of Controlled Release},
	volume = {189},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {158 - 168},
	abstract = {The outcome of cell-based therapies can benefit from carefully designed cell carriers. A multifunctional injectable vehicle for the co-delivery of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteoinductive peptides is proposed, to specifically direct hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) inspired the design of two peptides, where the bioactive portion of OGP was flanked by a protease-sensitive linker, or its scrambled sequence, to provide faster and slower release rates, respectively. Peptides were fully characterized and chemically grafted to alginate. Both OGP analogs released bioactive fragments in vitro, at different kinetics, which stimulated hMSCs proliferation and osteogenesis. hMSCs-laden OGP-alginate hydrogels were tested at an ectopic site in a xenograft mouse model. After 4 weeks, OGP-alginate hydrogels were more degraded and colonized by vascularized connective tissue than the control (without OGP). hMSCs were able to proliferate, migrate outward the hydrogels, produce endogenous extracellular matrix and mineralize it. Moreover, OGP-groups stimulated hMSCs osteogenesis, as compared with the control. Overall, the ability of the proposed platform to direct the fate of transplanted hMSCs in loco was demonstrated, and OGP-releasing hydrogels emerged as a potentially useful system to promote bone regeneration. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Bone Regeneration, Co-delivery systems, Guided differentiation, Injectable alginate hydrogels, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Osteoinductive peptides},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904318888\&partnerID=40\&md5=5f671d3584c3b7fc785ffaf40c2f0b1d},
	author = {Maia, F.R. and Barbosa, M. and Gomes, D.B. and Vale, N. and Gomes, P. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {2832,
	title = {The smart connective tissue of echinoderms: A materializing promise for biotech applications},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {713 - 720},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84888251812\&partnerID=40\&md5=da72fa98c41a55cd98f71fdaec4b8424},
	author = {Barbaglio, A. and Tricarico, S. and Di Benedetto, C. and Fassini, D. and Lima, A.P. and Ribeiro, A.R. and Ribeiro, C.C. and Sugni, M. and Bonasoro, F. and Wilkie, L. and Barbosa, M. and Candia Carnevali, M.D.}
}
@article {2330,
	title = {Hip fractures cluster in space: An epidemiological analysis in Portugal},
	journal = {Osteoporosis InternationalOsteoporosis Int.},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 7Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: OSINEdoi: 10.1007/s00198-008-0623-1PubMed ID: 18536955Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: De Pina, M. F.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal; email: fpina@ineb.up.ptReferences: Center, J., Eisman, J., The epidemiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis (1997) Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab, 11, pp. 23-62. , 1;Cooper, C., Melton III, L.J., Marcus, R., Feldman, D., Kelsey, J., Magnitude and Impact of osteoporosis and fractures (1996) Osteoporosis, pp. 419-434. , Academic Press San Diego; 
Walker-Bone, K., Dennison, E., Cooper, C., Epidemiology of osteoporosis (2001) Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 27, pp. 1-18. , 1; 
Cummings, S.R., Melton III, L.J., Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1761-1767; 
Cooper, C., Campion, G., Melton, L.J., Hip fractures in the elderly: A world-wide projection (1992) Osteoporos Int, 2, pp. 285-289; 
Karagas, M.R., Lu-Yao, G.L., Barrett, J.A., Heterogeneity of hip fracture: Age, race, sex, and geographic patterns of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures among the US elderly (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 677-682. , 7; 
Jordan, K.M., Cooper, C., Epidemiology of osteoporosis (2002) Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 16, pp. 795-806. , 5; 
Orimo, H., Hashimoto, T., Sakata, K., Trends in the incidence of hip fracture in Japan, 1987-1997: The third nationwide survey (2000) J Bone Miner Metab, 18, pp. 126-131; 
Kennedy, S., Goodchild, M., Gopal, S., The small number problem and the accuracy of spatial databases (1994) Accuracy of Spatial Databases, pp. 187-196. , Taylor and Francis London; 
(1995) Interactive Spatial Data Analysis, , Bailey TC, Gatrell AC (eds) Longman, London; 
Anselin, L., Local indicators of spatial association - LISA (1995) Geogr Anal, 27, pp. 93-115. , 2; 
Chevalley, T., Herrmann, F.R., Delmi, M., Evaluation of the age-adjusted incidence of hip fractures between urban and rural areas: The difference is not related to the prevalence of institutions for the elderly (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 113-118; 
Sanders, K., Nicholson, G.C., Ugoni, A.M., Fracture rates lower in rural than urban communities: The Geelong Osteoporosis Study (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 466-470; 
Vaz, A.L., Epidemiology and costs of osteoporotic hip fractures in Portugal (1993) Bone, 14, p. 9. , Suppl 1; 
Lofthus, C.M., Osnes, E.K., Falch, J.A., Epidemiology of hip fractures in Oslo, Norway (2001) Bone, 29, pp. 413-418. , 5; 
Nydegger, V., Rizzoli, R., Rapin, C.H., Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal femur in Geneva: Incidence, clinical and social aspects (1991) Osteoporos Int, 2, pp. 42-47. , 1; 
Hernandez, J., Olmos, J.M., Alonso, M.A., Trend in hip fracture epidemiology over a 14-year period in a Spanish population (2006) Osteoporos Int, 17, pp. 464-470; 
Giversen, I.M., Time trends of age-adjusted incidence rates of first hip fractures: A register-based study among older people in Viborg County, Denmark, 1987-1997 (2006) Osteoporos Int, 17, pp. 552-564; 
Coster, A., Haberkamp, M., Allolio, B., Incidence of femoral neck fractures in the German Federal Republic in comparison to other countries (1994) Soz Praventivmed, 39, pp. 287-292. , 5; 
Paspati, I., Galanos, A., Lyritis, G.P., Hip fracture epidemiology in Greece during 1977-1992 (1998) Calcif Tissue Int, 62, pp. 542-547. , 6; 
Kannus, P., Niemi, S., Parkkari, J., Hip fractures in Finland between 1970 and 1997 and predictions for the future (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 802-805. , 9155
},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {1797 - 1804},
	abstract = {Summary: Using Portuguese hospital registers (2000-2002) we calculated age-standardized incidence rates of hip fractures. Spatial clusters of high incidence rates were found, with annual averages (per 100,000 inhabitants) varying from 154.4 to 572.2 and 77.3 to 231.5 for women and men, respectively. Geographic inequalities in the occurrence of hip fractures were also found. Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify spatial patterns in the incidence of hip fracture in Portugal during the period 2000 to 2002. Methods: From the National Hospital Discharge Register, admissions of patients (50 years of age or more) with low-energy hip fracture were selected. Age-standardized incidence rates in relation to the municipality of the patients{\textquoteright} place of residence were calculated. Empirical Bayes estimators were used to smooth the local risk and spatial statistics methods were used to identify spatial clusters. Results: Of 25,634 hip fractures in individuals aged 50 years or more caused by low or moderate impact, 19,759 occurred in women (age, mean{\textpm}SD, 80.6{\textpm}8.6 years) and 5,875 in men (age 77.7{\textpm}10.0 years). Incidence rates increased exponentially with age, being higher in women nation-wide (female to male ratio from 1.5 to 5.1). Significant geographic differences were found: the incidence rates (95\% CI) varied from 154.4 (153.6-155.3) to 572.2 (569.5-575.0) in women and 77.3 (76.64-78.05) to 231.5 (229.9-233.0) in men per 100,000 inhabitants. Spatial autocorrelation values (Moran index) were 0.56 and 0.45 for women and men, respectively. Conclusion: Spatial clusters (p<0.0001) of high incidences were identified. Geographic differences in incidence rates were about threefold. Some regions had incidence rates as high as some north European countries. The geographic inequalities could be due to environmental or socioeconomic factors, but further investigation needs to be done to confirm this hypothesis. {\textcopyright} 2008 International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation.},
	keywords = {adult, Age Distribution, aged, Aged, 80 and over, article, Bayes Theorem, Bone Density, Cluster Analysis, Databases, Factual, falling, Female, fracture, geographic information system, Geographic information systems, hip fracture, Hip fractures, human, Humans, incidence, international classification of diseases, major clinical study, male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Portugal, priority journal, Risk Factors, sex difference, Sex Distribution, Space-Time Clustering, Spatial analysis, Spatial clusters, Spatial dependency},
	isbn = {0937941X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-55049139569\&partnerID=40\&md5=b45540fcad776b6887f165463b053202},
	author = {De Pina, M.F. and Alves, S.M. and Barbosa, M. and Barros, H.}
}
@article {2351,
	title = {Surface characterization and cell response of a PLA/CaP glass biodegradable composite material},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part AJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRCdoi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31546PubMed ID: 17729262Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ginebra, M. P.; Department of Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Technical University of Catalonia, Avda Diagonal 647, 08028-Barcelona, Spain; email: maria.pau.ginebra@upc.eduChemicals/CAS: 3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 298-93-1; calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5, 13767-12-9, 14358-97-5, 7758-87-4; osteocalcin, 136461-80-8; polylactic acid, 26100-51-6; Alkaline Phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.1; Bone Substitutes; calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5; Calcium Phosphates; Lactic Acid, 50-21-5; Osteocalcin, 104982-03-8; poly(lactic acid), 26100-51-6; PolymersReferences: Barrows, T., Degradable implants materials: A review of synthetic absorbable polymers and their applications (1986) Clin Mater, 1, pp. 233-267;Ciccone, W., Motz, C., Bentley, C., Tasto, J., Bioabsorbable implants in orthopaedics: New developments and clinical applications (2001) J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 9, pp. 280-288; 
Dunn, R.L., Clinical applications and update on the poly (alpha-hydroxy acids) (1995) Biomedical Applications of Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers, pp. 17-31. , Hollinger JO, editor, Boca Raton: CRC Press;; 
Middleton, J.C., Tipton, A.J., Synthetic biodegradable polymers as orthopedic devices (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 2335-2346; 
B{\"o}stman O Current concepts review. Absorbable implants for fracture fixation. J Bone Joint Surgery 1991;73A:148-153Ashammakhi, N., Suuronen, R., Tiainen, J., Tormala, P., Waris, T., Spotlight on naturally absorbable osteofixation devices (2003) J Craniofac Surg, 14, pp. 247-259; 
Hou, Q.P., Grijpma, D.W., Feijen, J., Porous polymeric structures for tissue engineering prepared by a coagulation, compression moulding and salt leaching technique (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 1937-1947; 
Kellomaki, M., Niiranen, H., Puumanen, K., Ashammakhi, N., Waris, T., Tormala, P., Bioabsorbable scaffolds for guided bone regeneration and generation (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 2495-2505; 
Mooney, D.J., Park, S., Kaufmann, P.M., Sano, K., Mcnamara, K., Vacanti, J.P., Langer, R., Biodegradable sponges for hepatocyte transplantation (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 959-965; 
Ragel, C.V., Vallet-Regi, M., In vitro bioactivity and gentamicin release from glass-polymer-antibiotic composites (2000) J Biomed Mater Res, 51, pp. 424-429; 
Kohn, J., Langer, R., Bioabsorbable and bioerodible materials (1996) Biomaterials Science, pp. 64-72. , Ratner BD, Hoffman A, Schoen F, Lemons J, editors, New York: Academic Press;; 
Navarro, M., Ginebra, M.P., Clement, J., Martinez, S., Avila, G., Planell, J.A., Physicochemical degradation of titania-stabilized soluble phosphate glasses for medical applications (2003) J Am Ceram Soc, 86, pp. 1345-1352; 
Navarro, M., Ginebra, M.P., Planell, J.A., Barrias, C.C., Barbosa, M., In vitro degradation behavior of a novel bioabsorbable composite material based on PLA and a soluble CaP glass (2005) Acta Biomaterialia, 1, pp. 411-419; 
Stephansson, S.N., Byers, B.A., Garcia, A.J., Enhanced expression of the osteoblastic phenotype on substrates that modulate fibronectin conformation and integrin receptor binding (2002) Biomaterials, 23, pp. 2527-2534; 
Keselowsky, B.G., Collard, D.M., Garcia, A.J., Surface chemistry modulates fibronectin conformation and directs integrin binding and specificity to control cell adhesion (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A, 66, pp. 247-259; 
Beumer, G., van Blitterswijk, C., Bakker, D., Ponec, M., Cell-seeding and in vitro biocompatibility evaluation of polymeric matrices of PEO/PBT copolymers and PLLA (1993) Biomaterials, 14, pp. 598-604; 
Ishaug, S., Yaszemski, M., Bizios, R., Mikos, A., Osteoblast function on synthetic biodegradable polymers (1994) J Biomed Mater Res, 28, pp. 1445-1453; 
Navarro, M., Ginebra, M.P., Planell, J.A., Cellular response to calcium phosphate glasses with controlled solubility (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A, 67, pp. 1009-1015; 
Huffman, K.R., Casey, D.J., Effect of carboxyl end groups on hydrolysis of polyglycolic acid (1985) J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem, 23, pp. 1939-1954; 
Ishaug-Riley, S.L., Okun, L.E., Prado, G., Applegate, M.A., Ratcliffe, A., Human articular chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on synthetic biodegradable polymer films (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 2245-2256; 
Park, A., Griffith, L., In vitro cell response to differences in poly-1-lactide crystallinity (1996) Biomaterials, 31, pp. 117-130; 
Cai, K.Y., Yao, K.D., Lin, S.B., Yang, Z.M., Li, X.Q., Xie, H.Q., Poly (D, L-lactic acid) surfaces modified by silk fibroin: Effects on the culture of osteoblast in vitro (2002) Biomaterials, 23, pp. 1153-1160; 
Lopes, M.A., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., Serro, A.P., Saramago, B., Hydrophobicity, surface tension, and zeta potential measurements of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 45, pp. 370-375; 
Vogler, E.A., Structure and reactivity of water at biomaterial surfaces (1998) Adv Colloid Interface Sci, 74, pp. 69-117; 
Vogler, E.A., Interfacial chemistry in biomaterials science (1993) Surfactant Science Series, pp. 183-250. , Berg JC, editor. Wettability, Marcel Dekker, New York; 
Charles-Harris, M., Navarro, M., Engel, E., Aparicio, C., Ginebra, M.P., Planell, J., A Surface characterisation of completely degradable composite scaffolds (2005) J Mater Svi: Mater Med, 16, pp. 1125-1130; 
Lampin, M., WarocquierClerout, R., Legris, C., Degrange, M., SigotLuizard, M.F., Correlation between substratum roughness and wettability, cell adhesion, and cell migration (1997) J Biomed Mater Res, 36, pp. 99-108; 
Khang, G., Jeon, J.H., Lee, L.W., Cho, S.C., Lee, H.B., Cell and platlet adhesion on plasma glow discharge-treated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (1997) Biomed Mater Engl, 7, pp. 357-368; 
Webb, K., Hlady, V., Tresco, P.A., Relative importance of surface wettability and charged functional groups on NIH 3T3 fibroblast attachment, spreading, and cytoskeletal organization (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 41, pp. 422-430; 
Owen, T.A., Aronow, M., Shalhoub, V., Barone, L.M., Wilming, L., Tassinari, M.S., Progressive development of the rat osteoblast phenotype in vitro - Reciprocal relationships in expression of genes associated with osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during formation of the bone extracellular-matrix (1990) J Cell Physiol, 143, pp. 420-430; 
Lian, J.B., Stein, G.S., Concepts of osteoblast growth and differentiation - Basis for modulation of bone cell-development and tissue formation (1992) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 3, pp. 269-305; 
Quarles, L.D., Yohay, D.A., Lever, L.W., Caton, R., Wenstrup, R.J., Distinct proliferative and differentiated stages of murine Mc3T3-E1 cells in culture - An in vitro model of osteoblast development (1992) J Bone Miner Res, 7, pp. 683-692; 
Boyan, B.D., Dean, D.D., Lohmann, C.H., Cochran, D.L., Sylvia, V.L., Schwartz, Z., The titanium-bone cell interface in vitro: The role of the surface in promoting osteointegration (2001) Titanium in Medicine, pp. 562-585. , Brunette D, Tengvall P, Textor M, Thomsen P, editors, Berlin: Springer-Verlag;; 
Gronowicz, G., McCarthy, M.B., Ahmad, M., Direct integrin-mediated attachment of human osteoblasts to implants (1996) J Bone Miner Res, 11, pp. S323; 
Boyan, B.D., Hummert, T.W., Kieswetter, K., Schraub, D., Dean, D.D., Schwartz, Z., Effect of titanium surface characteristics on chondrocytes and osteoblasts in vitro (1995) Scan Electron Microsc, 5, pp. 323-335; 
Martin, J.Y., Schwartz, Z., Hummert, T.W., Schraub, D.M., Simpson, J., Lankford, J., Effect of titanium surface-roughness on proliferation. Differentiation, and protein-synthesis of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 389-401
},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {477 - 486},
	abstract = {Bioabsorbable materials are of great interest for bone regeneration applications, since they are able to degrade gradually as new tissue is formed. In this work, a fully biodegradable composite material containing polylactic acid (PLA) and calcium phosphate (CaP) soluble glass particles has been characterized in terms of surface properties and cell response. Cell cultures were performed in direct contact with the materials and also with their extracts, and were evaluated using the MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin measurements. The CaP glass and PLA were used as reference materials. No significant differences were observed in cell proliferation with the extracts containing the degradation by-products of the three materials studied. A relation between the materials wettability and the material-cell interactions at the initial stages of contact was observed. The most hydrophilic material (CaP glass) presented the highest cell adhesion values as well as an earlier differentiation, followed by the PLA/glass material. The incorporation of glass particles into the PLA matrix increased surface roughness. SEM images showed that the heterogeneity of the composite material induced morphological changes in the cells cytoskeleton. {\textcopyright} 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Absorbable Implants, alkaline phosphatase, article, Biodegradable composite materials, biodegradable implant, Biodegradation, Bone, Bone Regeneration, Bone Substitutes, calcium phosphate, Calcium phosphates, cell adhesion, Cell culture, cell function, cell interaction, Cell Line, cell proliferation, Cell response, Composite materials, cytoskeleton, glass, human, human cell, Humans, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, In vitro test, Lactic Acid, materials testing, Osteoblasts, osteocalcin, polylactic acid, Polymers, scanning electron microscope, Surface analysis, Surface Properties, wettability},
	isbn = {15493296 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-42149187233\&partnerID=40\&md5=8942b2e00b94ff0f723261e1893d04b5},
	author = {Navarro, M. and Engel, E. and Planell, J.A. and Amaral, I. and Barbosa, M. and Ginebra, M.P.}
}
@article {2380,
	title = {Epidemiology of femur fractures in Portugal},
	journal = {Epidemiologia das fracturas do f{\'e}mur em Portugal: Fracturas do colo do f{\'e}mur versus fracturas de outras localiza{\c c}{\~o}es n{\~a}o especificadas do f{\'e}murArquivos de MedicinaArq. Med.},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: ARQMELanguage of Original Document: PortugueseCorrespondence Address: Alves, S.F.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica (INEB), Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: smfalves@gmail.comReferences: Aroso-Dias, A., Epidemiologia da Osteoporose em Portugal: An{\'a}lise comparative com outros pa{\'\i}ses. (2000) Acta Reumatol Port, 97, pp. 21-31;De Laet, C.E.D.H., Pols, H.A.P., Fractures in the elderly: Epidemiology and demography (2000) Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab, 14, pp. 171-179; 
Eisman, J., The epidemiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis (1997) Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab, 11, pp. 23-62. , Center J; 
Dennison, E., Cooper, C., Epidemiology of Osteoporotic Fractures (2000) Horm Res, 54, pp. 58-63; 
Amin, S., Felson, D.T., Osteoporosis in Men (2001) Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 27, pp. 19-47; 
Jordan, K.M., Cooper, C., Epidemiology of osteoporosis (2002) Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 16, pp. 795-806; 
Kanis, J.A., Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk (2002) Lancet North Am Ed, 59, pp. 1929-1936; 
Cooper, C., Melton III, L.J., Magnitude and Impact of Osteoporosis and Fractures (1996) Osteoporosis, pp. 419-434. , Marcus R, Feldman D, Kelsey J, editors, Academic Press, San Diego;; 
Trombetti, A., Herrmann, F., Hoffmeyer, P., Schurch, M.A., Bonjour, J.P., Rizzoli, R., Survival and potential years of life lost after hip fracture in men and age-matched women (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 731-737; 
O{\textquoteright}Neill, T.W., Roy, D.K., The epidemiology and scale of the problem (2003) Hosp Med, 64, pp. 517-520; 
Cummings, S.R., Melton III, L.J., Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1761-1767; 
www.ine.pt, Instituto Nacional de EstatisticaWalker-Bone, K., Dennison, E., Cooper, C., Epidemiology of Osteoporosis (2001) Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 27, pp. 1-18; 
Gold, D.T., The Nonskeletal Consequences of Osteoporotic Fractures - Psycologic and Social Outcomes (2001) Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 27, pp. 255-262
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {77 - 81+127},
	abstract = {Fractures related to osteoporosis have been increasing in many countries. Femoral neck fractures have been widely studied, however little is known about other femur fractures and its relationship with osteoporosis. The main objective of this study is the comparison between the incidence of neck fractures attributed to osteoporosis with the ones that occurs in other places of femur other than the neck, in the same conditions. It was used a national database, under the regulation of a governmental institute, with registers from 2000 to 2002. From the total number of femural fractures the authors selected the registers corresponding to individuals with more than fifty years of age and due to low impact, it were analysed separately the femoral neck fractures (International Classification of Diseases codes, 9                        th Revision, Clinical Modification, ICD9-CM codes 820 and derivates) from the fractures that occurred in other locations in the femur (ICD9-CM codes 821 and derivates). Case fatality rates and the incidence rates were calculated for that period of time, and an analysis of the variables age, days and costs of hospital admission as well as of the variable destination after discharge. Only 7.6\% of the femural fractures were coded as 821.x, all the others were coded as 820.x. In both groups the fractures were more frequent in women (above 75\%) and showed an exponential increase with age. The costs were higher in the 820.x fractures which also presented higher case fatality rates. {\textcopyright}ArquiMed, 2007.
},
	keywords = {adult, aged, article, Female, femur, femur fracture, fracture, hip fracture, human, incidence, Low impact, male, Osteoporosis, outcome assessment, Portugal, risk assessment, survival},
	isbn = {08713413 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-38949187951\&partnerID=40\&md5=bb28b6850d1e7d2f67a7f0c9be4c8ff9},
	author = {Alves, S.F. and Pina, M.D.F. and Barbosa, M.}
}
@article {2521,
	title = {Corrosion behaviour of commercially pure titanium shot blasted with different materials and sizes of shot particles for dental implant applications},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 77Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00314-9Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Aparicio, C.; Res. Center in Biomed. Eng. (CREB), Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; email: conrado.aparicio@upc.esChemicals/CAS: Dental Implants; Titanium, 7440-32-6References: Br{\r a}nemark, P.I., Hansson, B.O., Adell, R., Breine, U., Lindstr{\"o}m, J., Hallen, O., {\"O}hman, A., Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of edentulous jaw experience from a 10-year period (1977) Scand J Reconstr Surg, 16 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-132;Lemons, J.E., Application of materials in medicine and dentistry. Dental implants (1996) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, pp. 308-318. , B.D. Ratner, A.S. Hoffman, F.J. Schoen, \& J.E. Lemons. San Diego: Academic Press; 
Pourbaix, M., Electrochemical corrosion of metallic biomaterials (1984) Biomaterials, 5, pp. 122-134; 
Bardos, D.I., Titanium and titanium alloys (1990) Encyclopaedia of Medical and Dental Materials, pp. 360-365. , D. William. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Boyer, R., Welsh, G., Colling, E.W., (1994) Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, pp. 181-219. , Ohio: ASM International; 
Kasemo, B., Lausmaa, J., Surface science aspects on inorganic biomaterials (1986) CRC Crit Rev Biocompatibilty, 4, pp. 335-380; 
Tengvall, P., Lundtr{\"o}m, I., Physico-chemical considerations of titanium as a biomaterial (1992) Biomaterials, 9, pp. 115-134; 
Albrektsson, T., Br{\r a}nemark, P.I., Hansson, B.O., Lindstr{\"o}m, J., Osseointegrated titanium implants (1981) Acta Orthop Scand, 52, pp. 155-170; 
Thomas, K.A., Cook, S., An evaluation of variables influencing implant fixation by direct bone apposition (1985) J Biomed Mater Res, 19, pp. 875-901; 
Wennerberg, A., (1996) On Surface Roughness and Implant Incorporation, , Ph.D. thesis, G{\"o}teborg: University of G{\"o}teborg; 
Bowers, K.T., Keller, J.C., Randolph, B.A., Wick, D.G., Michaels, C.M., Optimization of surface micromorphology from enhanced osteoblast response in vitro (1992) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 7, pp. 302-310; 
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},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {263 - 273},
	abstract = {It is well known that the osseointegration of the commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) dental implant is improved when the metal is shot blasted in order to increase its surface roughness. This roughness is colonised by bone, which improves implant fixation. However, shot blasting also changes the chemical composition of the implant surface because some shot particles remain adhered on the metal. The c.p. Ti surfaces shot blasted with different materials and sizes of shot particles were tested in order to determine their topographical features (surface roughness, real surface area and the percentage of surface covered by the adhered shot particles) and electrochemical behaviour (open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic polarisation). The results demonstrate that the increased surface area of the material because of the increasing surface roughness is not the only cause for differences found in the electrochemical behaviour and corrosion resistance of the blasted c.p. Ti. Among other possible causes, those differences may be attributed to the compressive residual surface stresses induced by shot blasting. All the materials tested have an adequate corrosion and electrochemical behaviour in terms of its possible use as dental implant material. {\textcopyright} 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {article, Blast finishing, chemical composition, chemistry, Corrosion, Dental implant, Dental Implants, Dental prostheses, Electric Potential, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemistry, impedance, materials testing, Particle Size, Polarization, priority journal, Shot blasting, Spectroscopy, stress, Surface roughness, Surface topography, Titanium, tooth implantation},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037209960\&partnerID=40\&md5=c60c6b69f4fb345454b557acc836ec95},
	author = {Aparicio, C. and Javier Gil, F. and Fonseca, C. and Barbosa, M. and Planell, J.A.}
}
@article {2540,
	title = {Comparative effects of nacre water-soluble matrix and dexamethasone on the alkaline phosphatase activity of MRC-5 fibroblasts},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials ResearchJ. Biomed. Mater. Res.},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 20Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRBdoi: 10.1002/1097-4636(200111)57:2<306::AID-JBM1172>3.0.CO;2-HPubMed ID: 11484195Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Lopez, E.; Lab. de Physiol. Gen. et Comparee, UMR CNRS 8572, Museum National d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; email: lopez@mnhn.frChemicals/CAS: Alkaline Phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.1; BMP2 protein, human; Bmp2 protein, rat; bone morphogenetic protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Dexamethasone, 50-02-2; Glucocorticoids; Transforming Growth Factor betaReferences: Lopez, E., Vidal, B., Berland, S., Camprasse, S., Camprasse, G., Silve, C., Demonstration of the capacity of nacre to induce bone formation by human osteoblasts maintained in vitro (1992) Tissue Cell, 24, pp. 667-679;Lopez, E., Berland, S., Le Faou, A., Nacre, osteogenic and osteoinductive properties (1994) Bull Inst Oc{\'e}an Monaco, 14, pp. 49-57; 
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},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {306 - 312},
	abstract = {In this study we demonstrate, for the first time, that dexamethasone and BMP-2 stimulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MRC-5 fibroblasts, a cell line derived from human fetal lung. Previously we reported that the water-soluble matrix (WSM) of nacre obtained from the inner shell layer of the oyster Pinctada maxima, promoted an increase in ALP activity that was dose-dependent. In this work, we show that the effect of WSM is also time-dependent. As a comparison, the effect of WSM was also tested in bone marrow stromal cells because marrow and other bone surface-derived osteoblast stem cells have the inherent direct potential for osteogenesis. WSM promotes cell proliferation and ALP activity when tested with bone marrow cells in concentrations between 135 and 540 μg protein/mL. The effect of WSM on ALP activity of bone marrow stromal cells is similar to that obtained by dexamethasone. These results imply that MRC-5 fibroblasts respond to differentiating factors that promote osteoblastic phenotype in bone-derived cell cultures. {\textcopyright} 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
	keywords = {alkaline phosphatase, Animals, article, Biomedical engineering, BMP-2, Bone, bone development, bone marrow, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone morphogenetic proteins, Cell culture, Cell Line, cell proliferation, Cells, concentration response, dexamethasone, differentiation inducing factor, dose response, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, enzyme activity, fibroblast, Fibroblasts, Glucocorticoids, human, human cell, Humans, male, MRC-5 fibroblasts, Nacre, natural product, osteoblast, Ostreidae, oyster, phenotype, Proteins, Pulmonary diseases, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Solubility, stroma cell, time, Time Factors, Transforming Growth Factor beta, unclassified drug, Water, Water-soluble matrix},
	isbn = {00219304 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034769134\&partnerID=40\&md5=f0ec664a074b3a67745c806152793d54},
	author = {Almeida, M.J. and Pereira, L. and Milet, C. and Haigle, J. and Barbosa, M. and Lopez, E.}
}
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},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {469 - 479},
	abstract = {Extensive clinical experience has been built up using orthopaedic implants instrumented with strain gauges connected to a Wheatstone bridge by means of percutaneous leads. This research showed the medical relevance of the monitoring of the deformation of implants as a powerful tool to evaluate nursing and rehabilitation exercises, for tracing dangerous overloads and anticipating implant failure and also to observe the healing process. The IMPACT 3500 project focuses on the instrumentation of femoral implants with on board sensors: regular Benoist-Girard implants have been modified, to contain a {\textquoteright}sensing cell{\textquoteright}, and thoroughly tested in vitro and in vivo. The implant deformations are measured with resistive strain gauges, and the signal is transferred to a personal computer for processing and display, via a hard wired connection, or via a telemetry system. Two fully implantable wireless designs, called Linkstrain and Sealstrain, are powered from the outside by magnetic induction. As Sealstrain contains the whole telemetric system in its cavity, the highest miniaturization was required; this seriously deteriorates the efficiency of the inductive power link. {\textcopyright} 2001 IPEM.},
	keywords = {article, atomic absorption spectrometry, Biocompatible Materials, biomechanics, body movement, Bone Plates, ceramics, compression, Corrosion, Failure of implants, Femoral Fractures, femur, Fracture healing, healing, Humans, materials testing, metal, metal implantation, Metals, microcomputer, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Monitoring, Physiologic, Orthopedic implants, orthopedic surgery, priority journal, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, prosthesis failure, Rehabilitation, Scanning electron microscopy, sensor, Sensors, Smart implants, Spectrum Analysis, Stainless steel, strain gauge transducer, Strain measurements, Stress, Mechanical, Telemetry, Weight-Bearing},
	isbn = {13504533 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20244372369\&partnerID=40\&md5=456fea60c077d9bd4569169438349a07},
	author = {Burny, F. and Donkerwolcke, M. and Moulart, F. and Bourgois, R. and Puers, R. and Van Schuylenbergh, K. and Barbosa, M. and Paiva, O. and Rodes, F. and B{\'e}gueret, J.B. and Lawes, P.}
}
