



@article {2870,
	title = {A model for educational simulation of the effect of oxytocin on uterine contractions},
	journal = {Medical Engineering and Physics},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {524 - 531},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84876114966\&partnerID=40\&md5=ac7aee56840fe71fcaaa1171d75e927c},
	author = {Lobo, M.F. and Bastos, L.F. and van Meurs, W.L. and Ayres-de-Campos, D.}
}
@article {2259,
	title = {An intrauterine pressure generator for educational simulation of labour and delivery},
	journal = {Medical Engineering and PhysicsMed. Eng. Phys.},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 3Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: MEPHEdoi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.04.015PubMed ID: 20494606Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Bastos, L.F.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Divis{\~a}o de Sinal e Imagem, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, I302, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: lbastos@fe.up.ptReferences: Carlin, A., Alfirevic, Z., Intrapartum foetal emergencies (2006) Semin Foetal Neonatal Med, 11, pp. 150-157;Draycott, T., Sibanda, T., Owen, L., Akande, V., Winter, C., Reading, S., Does training in obstetric emergencies improve neonatal outcome? (2006) BJOG, 113, pp. 177-182; 
Daniels, K., Lipman, S., Harney, K., Arafeh, J., Druzin, M., Use of simulation based team training for obstetric crises in resident education (2008) Simul Healthc, 3, pp. 154-160; 
Gardner, R., Walzer, T.B., Simon, R., Raemer, D.B., Obstetric simulation as a risk control strategy: course design and evaluation (2008) Simul Healthc, 3, pp. 119-127; 
Pliego, J.F., Wehbe-Janek, H., Rajab, M.H., Browning, J.L., Fothergill, R.E., Ob/Gyn boot camp using high-fidelity human simulators: enhancing residents{\textquoteright} perceived competency, confidence in taking a leadership role, and stress hardiness (2008) Simul Healthc, 3, pp. 82-89; 
Crofts, J.F., Bartlett, C., Ellis, D., Hunt, L.P., Fox, R., Draycott, T.J., Training for shoulder dystocia: a trial of simulation using low-fidelity and high-fidelity mannequins (2006) Obstet Gynecol (New York, 1953), 108, pp. 1477-1485; 
Gardner, R., Raemer, D.B., Simulation in obstetrics and gynecology (2008) Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 35, pp. 97-127; 
(2001) The use of electronic foetal monitoring: the use and interpretation of cardiotocography in intrapartum foetal surveillance, , Royal-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynaecologists, RCOG, London; 
(2006) Intrapartum foetal surveillance: clinical guidelines, , Royal-Australian-and-New-Zealand-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynaecologists, RANZCOG, Melbourne; 
Bracero, L.A., Roshanfekr, D., Byrne, D.W., Analysis of antepartum foetal heart rate tracing by physician and computer (2000) J Matern Foetal Med, 9, pp. 181-185; 
Doyle, C., Angelotti, T., Diagnosis of an unsuspected maternal hemorrhage via foetal heart rate tracing (2004) J Clin Anesth, 16, pp. 465-468; 
Donn, S.M., Sinha, S.K., Chiswick, M.L., (2002) Birth asphyxia and the brain: basic science and clinical implications, , Blackwell Publishing; 
Laros, J.R.K., Presidential address: medical-legal issues in obstetrics and gynecology (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 192, pp. 1883-1889; 
Cusick, W., Smulian, J.C., Vintzileos, A.M., Intrapartum use of foetal heart rate monitoring, contraction monitoring, and amnioinfusion (1995) Clin Perinatol, 22, pp. 875-906; 
Vanner, T., Gardosi, J., Intrapartum assessment of uterine activity (1996) Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 10, pp. 243-257; 
Bakker, P.C.A.M., Van Rijswijk, S., Van Rijsiwijk, S., van Geijn, H.P., Uterine activity monitoring during labor (2007) J Perinat Med, 35, pp. 468-477; 
Bakker, P.C.A.M., van Geijn, H.P., Uterine activity: implications for the condition of the foetus (2008) J Perinat Med, 36, pp. 30-37; 
Andersen, H.F., Barclay, M.L., A computer-model of uterine contractions based on discrete contractile elements (1995) Obstet Gynecol, 86, pp. 108-111. , J; 
Young, R.C., A computer model of uterine contractions based on action potential propagation and intercellular calcium waves (1997) Obstet Gynecol, 89, pp. 604-608. , A; 
Wray, S., Uterine contraction and physiological mechanisms of modulation (1993) Am J Physiol, 264, pp. C1-C18. , J; 
Wray, S., Kupittayanant, S., Shmygol, A., Smith, R.D., Burdyga, T., The physiological basis of uterine contractility: a short review (2001) Exp Physiol, 86, pp. 239-246; 
Vauge, C., Carbonne, B., Papiernik, E., Ferre, F., A mathematical model of uterine dynamics and its application to human parturition (2000) Acta Biotheor, 48, pp. 95-105. , J; 
Moreau, R., Pham, M.T., Redarce, T., Dupuis, O., Simulation of forceps extraction on a childbirth simulator (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 1100-1105; 
Klavan, M., Laver, A.T., Boscola, M.A., (1977) Clinical concepts of foetal heart rate monitoring, , Hewlett-Packard Waltham, Mass; 
Parer, J.T., (1997) Handbook of foetal heart rate monitoring, , W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia; 
Maul, H., Maner, W.L., Olson, G., Saade, G.R., Garfield, R.E., Non-invasive transabdominal uterine electromyography correlates with the strength of intrauterine pressure and is predictive of labor and delivery (2004) J Matern Foetal Neonatal Med, 15, pp. 297-301; 
Cobo, E., Quintero, C.A., Strada, G., Zambrana, M.A., Uterine behavior in abruptio placentae. I. Contraction patterns and their reactivity to oxytocin (1965) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 93, pp. 1151-1156; 
Seitchik, J., Quantitating uterine contractility in clinical context (1981) Obstet Gynecol, 57, pp. 453-457; 
Burchell, H.J., Odendaal, H.J., de Wet, J.I., Badenhorst, P.N., Uterine contraction patterns in abruptio placentae (1985) S Afr Med J, 67, pp. 48-50; 
Harbert, G.M., Assessment of uterine contractility and activity (1992) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 35, pp. 546-558; 
Bruce, E.N., (2001) Biomedical signal processing and signal modeling, , Wiley-Interscience; 
Levinson, N., The Wiener RMS (root mean square) error criterion in filter design and prediction (1947) J Math Phys, 25, pp. 261-278; 
Paul, M.J., Smeltzer, J.S., Relationship of measured external tocodynamometry with measured internal uterine activity (1991) Am J Perinatol, 8, pp. 417-420; 
Miles, A.M., Monga, M., Richeson, K.S., Correlation of external and internal monitoring of uterine activity in a cohort of term patients (2001) Am J Perinatol, 18, pp. 137-140; 
van Meurs, W.L., Good, M.L., Lampotang, S., Functional anatomy of full-scale patient simulators (1997) J Clin Monit Comput, 13, pp. 317-324; 
van Meurs, W.L., Nikkelen, E., Good, M.L., Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for educational simulations (1998) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 45, pp. 582-590
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {740 - 745},
	abstract = {Simulation provides a risk free and controllable environment for training of healthcare providers. The limited realism of available simulators and training programs impedes immersive training in obstetric emergencies. In developed countries, intrapartum monitoring in high-risk cases involves continuous evaluation of foetal heart rate and uterine contractions signals. We present an essential component of a high-fidelity simulator for normal and critical situations in labour and delivery, namely an intrauterine pressure generator. The signal model behind the generator consists of a truncated Gaussian curve with the programmable features: amplitude, frequency, duration, and resting tone. Through analysis of 44. h of physiological data, we demonstrate that the natural variability of these features and of the baseline pressure can be approximated by deterministic trends and stationary stochastic processes. Signal parameters can be controlled by simulation instructors, scripts, or other models to reflect different patients, pathologies, and evolving clinical situations. Twelve 40-min tracings reflecting three different patients in labour were presented to three clinical experts, who attributed similar realism scores to simulated and to real tracings. {\textcopyright} 2010 IPEM.},
	keywords = {article, Clinical situations, Computer simulation, delivery, Delivery, Obstetric, Developed countries, Educational simulations, Essential component, Female, Fetal monitoring, Gaussian curves, generator, Health care providers, Heart Rate, Fetal, Heart rates, High-fidelity simulators, Humans, Immersive, intrauterine pressure, labor, Labor, Obstetric, Labour and delivery, medical education, Medical educational simulation, muscle tone, Natural variability, normal distribution, Obstetrics, Physiological data, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Pressure, Pressure generators, priority journal, Random processes, Risk free, Signal generator, Signal generators, Signal models, Signal parameters, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, simulation, Stationary stochastic process, statistical model, statistical parameters, statistics, Stochastic Processes, Time Factors, Training program, Uterine activities, Uterine activity, Uterine Contraction, Uterine Monitoring, uterus contraction},
	isbn = {13504533 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955249563\&partnerID=40\&md5=42013058b547a71f970a3f7f1374caaf},
	author = {Bastos, L.F. and Lobo, M.F. and van Meurs, W.L. and Ayres-de-Campos, D.}
}
@article {2288,
	title = {A model for educational simulation of hemodynamic transitions at birth},
	journal = {Pediatric ResearchPediatr. Res.},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: PEREBdoi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181c2def3Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Van Meurs, W. L.; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Divis{\~a}o de Sinal e Imagem, Campus FEUP, Rua Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: wvanmeurs@ineb.up.ptReferences: Van Meurs, W.L., Good, M.L., Lampotang, S., Functional anatomy of full-scale patient simulators (1997) J Clin Monit, 13, pp. 317-324;S{\'a} Couto, C.D., Van Meurs, W.L., Goodwin, J.A., Andriessen, P., A model for educational simulation of neonatal cardiovascular pathophysiology (2006) Simul Healthc, 1, pp. 4-9; 
Zijlmans, M., S{\'a}-Couto, C.D., Van Meurs, W.L., Goodwin, J.A., Andriessen, P., Corrected and improved model for educational simulation of neonatal cardiovascular pathophysiology (2009) Simul Healthc, 4, pp. 49-53; 
Goodwin, J.A., Van Meurs, W.L., S{\'a} Couto, C.D., Beneken, J.E., Graves, S.A., A model for educational simulation of infant cardiovascular physiology (2004) Anesth Analg, 99, pp. 1655-1664; 
M{\'e}nigault, E., Vieyres, P., Lepoivre, B., Durand, A., Pourcelot, L., Berson, M., Fetal heart modelling based on a pressure-volume relationship (1997) Med Biol Eng Comput, 35, pp. 715-721; 
Pennati, G., Bellotti, M., Fumero, R., Mathematical modeling of the human foetal cardiovascular system based on Doppler ultrasound data (1997) Med Eng Phys, 19, pp. 327-335; 
Huikeshoven, F., Coleman, T.G., Jongsma, H.W., Mathematical model of the fetal cardiovascular system: The uncontrolled case (1980) Am J Physiol, 239, pp. R317-R325; 
Mielke, G., Benda, N., Cardiac output and central distribution of blood flow in the human fetus (2001) Circulation, 103, pp. 1662-1668; 
Cunningham, G., Leveno, K., MacDonald, P., Gilstrap III, L., Gant, N., Hankins, G., Clark, S., The morphological and functional development of the fetus (1996) Williams Obstetrics, pp. 151-190. , Cunningham G, Leveno K, MacDonald P, Gilstrap III L, Gant N, Hankins G, Clark S (eds) 20th Ed. Appleton \& Lange, CT; 
Huikeshoven, F.J., Hope, I.D., Power, G.G., Gilbert, R.D., Longo, L.D., Mathematical model of fetal circulation and oxygen delivery (1985) Am J Physiol, 249, pp. R192-R202; 
Rasanen, J., Wood, D.C., Weiner, S., Ludomirski, A., Huhta, J.C., Role of the pulmonary circulation in the distribution of human fetal cardiac output during the second half of pregnancy (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 1068-1073; 
Assali, N.S., Morris, J.A., Beck, R., Cardiovascular hemodynamics in the fetal lamb before and after lung expansion (1965) Am J Physiol, 208, pp. 122-129; 
Vilos, G.A., Liggins, G.C., Intrathoracic pressures in fetal sheep (1982) J Dev Physiol, 4, pp. 247-256; 
Hooper, S.B., Wallace, M.J., Role of the physicochemical environment in lung development (2006) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 33, pp. 273-279; 
Greenspan, J.S., Shaffer, T.H., Fox, W.W., Spitzer, A.R., Assisted ventilation: Physiologic implications and complications (1998) Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 2. , Polin RA, Fox WW (eds) W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA; 
Friedman, A.H., Fahey, J.T., The transitions from fetal to neonatal circulation: Normal responses and implications for infants with heart disease (1993) Semin Perinatol, 17, pp. 106-121; 
Ghanayem, N.S., Gordon, J.B., Modulation of pulmonary vasomotor tone in the fetus and neonate (2001) Respir Res, 2, pp. 139-144; 
Dawes, G.S., Mott, J.C., Widdicombe, J.G., Wyatt, D.G., Changes in the lungs of the new-born lamb (1953) J Physiol, 121, pp. 141-162; 
Brook, M.M., Heymann, M.A., Teitel, D.F., The heart (2001) Care of the High-Risk, , Klaus MH, Fanaroff AA (eds) 5th ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA; 
Gutyon, A.C., Fetal and neonatal physiology (1991) Textbook of Medical Physiology, , Guyton AC (ed) 8th ed. W.B. Saunders Company Philadelphia, PA; 
Lagercrantz, H., Bistoletti, P., Catecholamine release in the newborn infant at birth (1977) Pediatr Res, 11, pp. 889-893; 
Padbury, J.F., Diakomanolis, E.S., Hobel, C.J., Perelman, A., Fisher, D.A., Neonatal adaptation: Sympatho-adrenal response to umbilical cord cutting (1981) Pediatr Res, 15, pp. 1483-1487; 
Minoura, S., Gilbert, R.D., Postnatal change of cardiac function in lambs: Effects of ganglionic block and afterload (1987) J Dev Physiol, 9, pp. 123-135; 
Coskun, S., Y{\"u}ksel, H., Bilgi, Y., Lacin, S., Tansug, N., Onag, A., Non-invasive evaluation of the adaptations of cardiac function in the neonatal period: A comparison of healthy infants delivered by vaginal route and caesarean section (2001) Acta Med Okayama, 55, pp. 213-218; 
Kishkurno, S., Takahashi, Y., Harada, K., Ishida, A., Tamura, M., Takada, G., Postnatal changes in left ventricular volume and contractility in healthy term infants (1997) Pediatric Cardiology, 18 (2), pp. 91-95. , DOI 10.1007/s002469900123; 
Shiota, T., Harada, K., Takada, G., Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function during early neonatal period using transthoracic echocardiography (2002) Tohoku J Exp Med, 197, pp. 151-158; 
Walther, F.J., Benders, M.J., Leighton, J.O., Early changes in the neonatal circulatory transition (1993) J Pediatr, 123, pp. 625-632; 
Hiraishi, S., Misawa, H., Oguchi, K., Kadoi, N., Saito, K., Fujino, N., Hojo, M., Yashiro, K., Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic assessment of closure of the ductus arteriosus in normal newborn infants (1987) J Pediatr, 111, pp. 755-760; 
Migliavacca, F., Dubini, G., Pennati, G., Pietrabissa, R., Fumero, R., Hsia, T.Y., De Leval, M.R., Computational model of the fluid dynamics in systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (2000) J Biomech, 33, pp. 549-557; 
Teitel, D.F., Iwamoto, H.S., Rudolph, A.M., Effects of birth-related events on central blood flow patterns (1987) Pediatr Res, 22, pp. 557-566; 
Anderson, D.F., Bissonnette, J.M., Faber, J.J., Thornburg, K.L., Central shunt flows and pressures in the mature fetal lamb (1981) Am J Physiol, 241, pp. H60-H66; 
Agata, Y., Hiraishi, S., Oguchi, K., Misawa, H., Horiguchi, Y., Fujino, N., Yashiro, K., Shimada, N., Changes in left ventricular output from fetal to early neonatal life (1991) J Pediatr, 119, pp. 441-445; 
Harada, K., Shiota, T., Takahashi, Y., Tamura, M., Takada, G., Changes in the volume and performance of the left ventricle in the early neonatal period (1994) Early Hum Dev, 39, pp. 201-209; 
Moss, A.J., Emmanouilides, G.C., Adams, F.H., Chuang, K., Response of ductus arteriosus and pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure to changes in oxygen environment in newborn infants (1964) Pediatrics, 33, pp. 937-944; 
Emmanouilides, G.C., Moss, A.J., Monset-Couchard, M., Marcano, B.A., Rzeznic, B., Cardiac output in newborn infants (1970) Biol Neonate, 15, pp. 186-197; 
Emmanouilides, G.C., Moss, A.J., Duffie Jr., E.R., Adams, F.H., Pulmonary arterial pressure changes in human newborn infants from birth to 3 days of age (1964) J Pediatr, 65, pp. 327-333; 
Soni, N., Williams, P., Positive pressure ventilation: What is the real cost? (2008) Br J Anaesth, 101, pp. 446-457; 
Moss, A.J., Emmanouilides, G.C., Duffie Jr., E.R., Closure of the ductus arteriosus in the newborn infant (1963) Pediatrics, 32, pp. 25-30
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {158 - 165},
	abstract = {Birth is characterized by swift and complex transitions in hemodynamic and respiratory variables. Unrecognized pathologies or incidents may quickly become fatal or cause permanent damage. This article introduces an essential component of an acute perinatal care simulator, namely a model for educational simulation of normal hemodynamic transitions seen during and shortly after birth. We explicitly formulate educational objectives and adapt a preexisting model for the simulation of neonatal cardiovascular physiology to include essential aspects of fetal hemodynamics. From the scientific literature, we obtain model parameters that characterize these aspects quantitatively. The fetal model is controlled by a time-and event-based script of changes occurring at birth, such as onset of breathing and cord clamping, and the transitory phase up to 24 h after birth. Comparison of simulation results with published target data confirms that realistic simulated hemodynamic vital signs are achieved. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2010 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.},
	keywords = {article, artificial ventilation, biological model, birth, Blood flow, blood flow velocity, blood pressure, breathing, breathing mechanics, cardiovascular function, clamp, comparative study, Computer simulation, Constriction, education, evaluation, fetus, hemodynamics, human, Humans, Infant, Newborn, ligation, Models, Cardiovascular, newborn, Parturition, perinatal care, priority journal, Regional Blood Flow, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, Respiration, Artificial, Respiratory Mechanics, scientific literature, simulator, stimulation, time, Time Factors, umbilical cord, vascularization, vital sign},
	isbn = {00313998 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77449090648\&partnerID=40\&md5=8b519ac5d166273410a6d24ec4d23578},
	author = {S{\'a}-Couto, C.D. and Andriessen, P. and van Meurs, W.L. and Ayres-de-Campos, D. and S{\'a}-Couto, P.M.}
}
@article {2315,
	title = {Corrected and improved model for educational simulation of neonatal cardiovascular pathophysiology},
	journal = {Simulation in HealthcareSimul. Healthc.},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 4Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e31818b27a8Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Zijlmans, M.; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Porto, PortugalReferences: S{\'a} Couto, C.D., Van Meurs, W.L., Goodwin, J.A., Andriessen, P., A model for educational simulation of neonatal cardiovascular pathophysiology (2006) Simul Healthc, 1, pp. 4-12;Goodwin, J.A., Van Meurs, W.L., S{\'a} Couto, C.D., Beneken, J.E.W., Graves, S.A., A model for educational simulation of infant cardiovascular physiology (2004) Anesth Analg, 99, pp. 1655-1664; 
Beneken, J.E.W., A mathematical approach to cardiovascular function (1965) The Uncontrolled Human System, , Thesis, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands; 
Andriessen, P., Bambang Oetomo, S., Peters, C., Vermeulen, B., Wijn, P.F.F., Blanco, C.E., Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in human neonates: The effect of postmenstrual age (2005) J Physiol, 568, pp. 333-341; 
Segar, J.L., Roghair, R.D., Segar, E.M., Bailey, M.C., Scholz, T.D., Lamb, F.S., Early gestation dexamethasone alters baroreflex and vascular responses in newborn lambs before hypertension (2006) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 291, pp. R481-R488; 
Wallgren, G., Barr, M., Rudhe, U., Hemodynamic studies of induced acute hypo- and hypervolemia in the newborn infant (1964) Acta Paediatr, 53, pp. 1-12
},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {49 - 53},
	abstract = {We identified errors in the software implementation of the mathematical model presented in: S{\'a} Couto CD, van Meurs WL, Goodwin JA, Andriessen P. A model for educational simulation of neonatal cardiovascular pathophysiology. Simul Healthcare 2006;1:4-12. Simulation results obtained with corrected code are presented for future reference. All but one of the simulation results do not differ by more than 9\% from the previously published results. The heart rate response to acute loss of 30\% of blood volume, simulated with corrected code is stronger than published target data. This modeling error was masked by errors in code implementation. We improved this response and the model by adjusting the gains and adding thresholds and saturations in the baroreflex model. General considerations on identification of model and code errors and model validity are presented. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2009 Society for Simulation in Healthcare.},
	keywords = {aorta coarctation, article, Baroreflex, bleeding, blood pressure, blood volume, Cardiac Output, cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular physiology, computer program, Computer simulation, Congenital heart defect, congenital heart malformation, diastolic blood pressure, Education, Medical, Erratum, Fallot tetralogy, great vessels transposition, heart output, Heart rate, heart right ventricle pressure, human, Humans, Infant, Newborn, lung pressure, mathematical model, mean arterial pressure, medical education, medical error, methodology, Neonate, Neonatology, newborn, patent ductus arteriosus, pathophysiology, physiology, pressoreceptor reflex, priority journal, simulation, Software Design, systolic blood pressure, Validation, validity, vascular resistance, Verification, vital sign},
	isbn = {15592332 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-62849083921\&partnerID=40\&md5=8cf0edc0b85c1bd093cd9b3a8c70de77},
	author = {Zijlmans, M. and S{\'a}-Couto, C.D. and van Meurs, W.L. and Goodwin, J.A. and Andriessen, P.}
}
@article {2423,
	title = {A model for educational simulation of neonatal cardiovascular pathophysiology.},
	journal = {Simulation in healthcare : journal of the Society for Simulation in HealthcareSimul Healthc},
	volume = {1 Spec no.},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusPubMed ID: 19088566Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: S{\'a} Couto, C.D.},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {4 - 9},
	abstract = {Full-body patient simulators provide a technological basis for clinical education without risk to real patients. In a previous study, we described a model for educational simulation of infant cardiovascular physiology. Using essentially the same methodology, we derive a mathematical model for the cardiovascular system of a healthy 1-week-old neonate. Computer simulations of this model result in vital signs that are close to target hemodynamic variables. Simulated systemic arterial pressure waveform and left ventricular pressure-volume loop are realistic, and the system reacts appropriately to blood loss. We also adapt the model structure and change its parameters to reflect the congenital heart defects: patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, complex coarctation of the aorta with patent foramen ovale, and transposition of the great arteries. Simulated vital signs are again close to target hemodynamic variables. The resulting model for neonatal cardiovascular pathophysiology is an essential step in attaining a full-body, model-driven neonatal acute care simulator.},
	keywords = {article, cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, cardiovascular function, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, cardiovascular system, Computer simulation, congenital heart malformation, Education, Medical, Graduate, educational model, Heart Defects, Congenital, human, Humans, infant welfare, Infant, Newborn, medical education, methodology, Models, Educational, Models, Theoretical, newborn, theoretical model},
	isbn = {15592332 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58949093432\&partnerID=40\&md5=d38d3b54969381f1264feb1d4b45c8d1},
	author = {S{\'a} Couto, C.D. and van Meurs, W.L. and Goodwin, J.A. and Andriessen, P.}
}
@article {2466,
	title = {A model for educational simulation of infant cardiovascular physiology},
	journal = {Anesthesia and AnalgesiaAnesth. Analg.},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 19Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: AACRAdoi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000134797.52793.AFPubMed ID: 15562049Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Goodwin, J.A.; Nemours Children{\textquoteright}s C., 807 Children{\textquoteright}s Way, Jacksonville, FL 32207, United States; email: jgoodwin@nemours.orgReferences: Good, M.L., Gravenstein, J.S., Training for safety in an anesthesia simulator (1993) Semin Anesth, 12, pp. 235-250;Gaba, D.M., DeAnda, A., The response of anesthesia trainees to simulated critical incidents (1989) Anesth Analg, 68, pp. 444-451; 
Howard, S.K., Gaba, D.M., Fish, K.J., Anesthesia crisis resource management training: Teaching anesthesiologists to handle critical incidents (1992) Aviat Space Environ Med, 63, pp. 763-770; 
Euliano, T.Y., Caton, D., Van Meurs, W., Good, M.L., Modeling obstetric cardiovascular physiology on a full-scale patient simulator (1997) J Clin Monit, 13, pp. 293-297; 
Halamek, L.P., Kaegi, D.M., Gaba, D.M., Time for a new paradigm in pediatric medical education: Teaching neonatal resuscitation in a simulated delivery room environment (2000) Pediatrics, 106, pp. E45; 
Beneken, J.E.W., (1965) A Mathematical Approach to Cardiovascular Function: The Uncontrolled Human System, , [PhD thesis]. Medisch Fysisch Institut TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 
Beneken, J.E.W., DeWit, B., A physical approach to hemodynamic aspects of the human cardiovascular system (1967) Physical Bases of Circulatory Transport: Regulation and Exchange, pp. 1-45. , Reeve EB, Guyton AC, eds. Philadelphia: Saunders; 
Wesseling, K.H., Settels, J.J., Baromodulation explains short-term blood pressure variability (1985) Psychophysiology of Cardiovascular Control, pp. 69-97. , Orlebeke JF, Mulder G, van Doornen LJP, eds. New York: Plenum Press; 
Van Meurs, W.L., Good, M.L., Lampotang, S., Functional anatomy of full-scale patient simulators (1997) J Clin Monit, 13, pp. 317-324; 
Pruitt, A.W., Gersony, W.M., The cardiovascular system (1992) Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 14th Ed., pp. 1125-1227. , Behrman RE, ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 
Gregory, G.A., Monitoring during surgery (1994) Pediatric Anesthesia, pp. 261-279. , Gregory GA, ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 
Graham Jr., T.P., Jarmakani, M.M., Evaluation of ventricular function in infants and children (1971) Pediatr Clin North Am, 18, pp. 1109-1132; 
Wodey, E., Plady, P., Copin, C., Comparative hemodynamic depression of sevoflurane versus halothane in infants (1997) Anesthesiology, 87, pp. 795-800; 
Suga, H., Sagawa, K., Shoukas, A.A., Load independence of the instantaneous pressure-volume ratio of the canine left ventricle and effects of epinephrine and heart rate on the ratio (1973) Circ Res, 2, pp. 314-322; 
Ten Voorde, B., (1992) Modeling the Baroreflex: A System Analysis Approach, , [PhD thesis]. Vakgroep Medische Fysica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 
Cunningham, M.D., Bedside pulmonary function testing of infants (1990) Essentials of Pediatric Intensive Care, pp. 878-883. , Levin DL, Morriss FC, eds. St. Louis: Quality Medical; 
Strafford, M.A., Cardiovascular physiology (1996) Smith{\textquoteright}s Anesthesia for Infants and Children, pp. 69-104. , Motoyama EK, Davis PJ, eds. St. Louis: Mosby; 
Lake, C.L., Cardiovascular anatomy and physiology (1992) Clinical Anesthesia, pp. 989-1020. , Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, eds. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 
Hsieh, K., Chen, P., Fu, S., A simple, noninvasive method to investigate vascular characteristics in children (1996) Angiology, 47, pp. 361-367; 
Stoelting, R.K., Miller, R.D., (2000) Basics of Anesthesia, pp. 364-375. , Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 
Thilenius, O.G., Argilla, R.A., Angiographic right and left ventricular volume determination in normal infants and children (1974) Pediatr Res, 8, pp. 67-74; 
Drouin, E., Gournay, V., Calamel, J., Assessment of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in neonates (1997) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 76, pp. F108-12
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {1655 - 1664},
	abstract = {Full-body patient simulators provide the technology and the environment necessary for excellent clinical education while eliminating risk to the patient. The extension of simulator-based training into management of basic and critical situations in complex patient populations is natural. We describe the derivation of an infant cardiovascular model through the redefinition of a complete set of parameters for an existing adult model. Specifically, we document a stepwise parameter estimation process, explicit simplifying assumptions, and sources for these parameters. The simulated vital signs are within the target hemodynamic variables, and the simulated systemic arterial pressure wave form and left ventricular pressure volume loop are realistic. The system reacts appropriately to blood loss, and incorporation of aortic stenosis is straightforward. This infant cardiovascular model can form the basis for screen-based educational simulations. The model is also an essential step in attaining a full-body, model-driven infant simulator.},
	keywords = {aging, Algorithms, Anesthesiology, aorta stenosis, Aortic Valve Stenosis, arterial pressure, article, Baroreflex, biological model, bleeding, Blood Loss, Surgical, cardiovascular function, Cardiovascular physiology, Computer simulation, education, heart ventricle pressure, hemodynamic parameters, Hemodynamic Processes, Humans, Infant, Models, Biological, priority journal, Pulmonary Circulation, simulation, Ventricular Function, Left, Ventricular Function, Right},
	isbn = {00032999 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-9244231824\&partnerID=40\&md5=afb81c88d315abadfc3022fc3eba159a},
	author = {Goodwin, J.A. and van Meurs, W.L. and S{\'a} Couto, C.D. and Beneken, J.E.W. and Graves, S.A.}
}
@article {2507,
	title = {Development of foetal and neonatal simulators at the University of Porto},
	journal = {Medical Education, SupplementMed. Educ. Suppl.},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: MESECPubMed ID: 14641636Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Van Meurs, W.L.; INEB - Inst. de Engenharia Biomedica, Lab. de Sinal e Imagem Biomedica, Edificio I-Poente, Rua Roberto Prias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: wvanmeurs@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: oxygen, 7782-44-7References: Kohn, L.T., Corrigan, J.M., Donaldson, M.S., (2000) To Err Is Human, Building a Safer Health Care System, , Washington, DC: National Academic Press;Denson, J.S., Abrahamson, S., A computer-controlled patient simulator (1969) JAMA, 208, pp. 504-508; 
Gaba, D.M., DeAnda, A., A comprehensive anesthesia simulation environment. Re-creating the operating room for research and training (1988) Anesthesiology, 69, pp. 387-394; 
Good, M.L., Gravenstein, J.S., Anesthesia simulators and training devices (1989) Int Anesthesiol Clin, 27, pp. 161-168; 
Gaba, D., Howard, S., Fish, K., Smith, B., Sowb, Y., Simulation-based training in anesthesia crisis resource management (ACRM): A decade of experience (2001) Simulation Gaming, 32, pp. 175-193; 
Gordon, J.A., {\textquoteright}Practicing{\textquoteright} medicine without risk: Students{\textquoteright} and educators{\textquoteright} responses to high-fidelity patient simulation (2001) Acad Med, 76, pp. 469-472; 
Ma, O., Simulation saves lives (2001) Newsletter of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, , Park Ridge: American Society of Anesthesiologists; October; 
Van Meurs, W.L., Good, M.L., Lampotang, S., Functional anatomy of full-scale patient simulators (1997) J Clin Monit, 13, pp. 317-324; 
Van Meurs, W.L., Nikkelen, E., Good, M.L., Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for educational simulations (1998) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 45, pp. 582-590; 
{\"O}hrn, M.A.K., Van Oostrom, J.H., Van Meurs, W.L., A comparison of traditional textbook and interactive computer learning of neuromuscular block (1997) Anesth Analg, 84, pp. 657-661; 
Euliano, T.Y., Caton, D., Van Meurs, W.L., Good, M.L., Modeling obstetric cardiovascular physiology on a full-scale patient simulator (1997) J Clin Monit, 13, pp. 293-297; 
S{\'a} Couto, P.M., Van Meurs, W.L., Bernardes, J.F., Marques De S{\'a}, J.P., Goodwin, J.A., Mathematical model for educational simulation of the oxygen delivery to the fetus (2002) Cont Eng Prac, 10, pp. 59-66; 
S{\'a} Couto, P.M., Van Meurs, W.L., Bernardes, J.F., Marques De S{\'a}, J.P., Goodwin, J.A., Combined model-driven and rule-based approach for educational simulation of fetal heart rate (2002) BIOSIGNAL 2002. Proceedings of the 16th Biennial International Conference of the European Association for Speech, Signal and Image Processing (EURASIP), 26-28 June 2002, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 400-402. , Jan J, Kozumpl{\'\i}k J, Provazn{\'\i}k I, eds. Brno: Vutium Press; 
Itskovitz, J., LaGamma, E.F., Rudolph, A.M., Heart rate and blood pressure responses to umbilical cord compression in fetal lambs with special references to the mechanism of variable deceleration (1983) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 147, pp. 451-457; 
Lee, S.T., Hon, E.H., Fetal hemodynamic response to umbilical cord compression (1963) J Obstet Gynecol, 22, pp. 553-562; 
Goodlin, R.C., Lowe, E.W., A functional umbilical cord occlusion heart rate pattern - The significance of overshoot (1974) Obstet Gynecol, 43, pp. 22-30; 
Scheffs, J., Vasicka, A., Li, C., Solomon, N., Siler, W., Uterine blood flow during labor (1971) Obstet Gynecol, 38, pp. 15-24; 
Brotanek, V., Hendricks, C.H., Yoshida, T., Importance of changes in uterine blood flow in initiation of labor (1969) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 105, pp. 535-546; 
Butler, L.A., Longo, L.D., Power, G.G., Placental blood flows and oxygen transfer during uterine contractions: A mathematical model (1976) J Theor Biol, 61, pp. 81-95; 
Felgueiras, C., Marques De S{\'a}, J.P., Bernardes, J., Gama, S., Classification of foetal heart rate sequences based on fractal features (1998) Med Biol Eng Comput, 36, pp. 197-201; 
S{\'a} Couto, C.D., Van Meurs, W.L., Goodwin, J.A., Graphical and mathematical representation of congenital heart disease (2002) Proceedings of the SESAM Annual Meeting, 10-11 May 2002; Centro de Entrenamiento en Situaciones Cr{\'\i}ticas, Santander, Spain, p. 18; 
Beneken, J.E.W., (1965) A Mathematical Approach to Cardiovascular Function: The Uncontrolled Human System, , PhD dissertation. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht; 
Huikeshoven, F., Coleman, T.G., Jongsma, H.W., Mathematical model of the fetal cardiovascular system: The uncontrolled case (1980) Am J Physiol, 239, pp. R317-25; 
Klaus, M.H., Fanaroff, A.A., (2001) Care of the High-Risk Neonate, 5th Edn., , Philadelphia: WB Saunders
},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {29 - 33},
	abstract = {Background: Human error can be expected to play a significant role in adverse outcomes in perinatal acute care. In acute care of the adult, simulator based training is recommended and used to improve patient safety. Aims: Our general goal is to develop model-driven foetal and neonatal educational simulators and curricula. The specific objectives of this paper are to introduce the reader to the perinatal acute care context and simulator design considerations, as well as to give initial results and describe ongoing developments. A brief description of adult simulators and simulation engines is followed by a more detailed description of a foetal distress simulator (FDS) and of models for a neonatal simulator developed at the University of Porto. Ongoing developments involve the modelling of foetal baroreflexes, the effect of uterine contractions, and an adapted method for estimating foetal heart rate variability parameters. Results: We present FDS simulation results reflecting the changes in oxygen supply to the foetus and the foetal heart rate in response to a reduction in uterine blood flow. We also present a structural diagram of a model for the educational simulation of congenital heart disease and preliminary simulation results reflecting a patent ductus arteriosus. Conclusion: We expect that, after initial clinical and educational validation, the presented models and simulators will play a role in simulator-based educational programmes contributing to increased perinatal safety.},
	keywords = {article, audiovisual equipment, blackstarPatient simulation, clinical competence, Clinical competence/blackstarstandards/economics, competence, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Education, medical, undergraduate/blackstarmethods, Equipment Safety, fetus distress, human, Humans, Manikins, medical education, model, oxygen, Patient Simulation, perinatal care, Perinatal care/ blackstarstandards/methods, Portugal, safety, simulator, training},
	isbn = {13523929 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242550943\&partnerID=40\&md5=4ad77934dd61ea164105b57b431c82a1},
	author = {van Meurs, W.L. and S{\'a} Couto, P.M. and S{\'a} Couto, C.D. and Bernardes, J.F. and Ayres-de-Campos, D.}
}
@article {2534,
	title = {Mathematical model for educational simulation of the oxygen delivery to the fetus},
	journal = {Control Engineering PracticeControl Eng. Pract.},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 3Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: COEPEdoi: 10.1016/S0967-0661(01)00133-2Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Marques de S{\'a}, J.P.; Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal; email: jmsa@fe.up.ptReferences: Beneken, J.E.W., Rideout, V.C., The use of multiple models in cardiovascular system studies: Transport and perturbation methods (1968) IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering, 15 (4), pp. 281-289;Cunningham, G., (1997) Williams Obstretrics, , (20th ed.). London: Prentice-Hall; 
Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M., McGowan, J.E., Oxygen transport and delivery (1998) Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, pp. 1105-1117. , R. A. Polin and W. W. Fox (Eds.), (2nd ed.) London: W.B. Saunders Company; 
Euliano, T.Y., Caton, D., van Meurs, W.L., Good, M.L., Modeling obstetric cardiovascular physiology on a full-scale patient simulator (1997) Journal Clinical Monitoring, 13 (5), pp. 293-297; 
Fukui, Y., Smith, N.T., Interactions among ventilation, the circulation, and the uptake and distribution of halothane-use of a hybrid computer multiple model: I the basic model (1981) Anesthesiology, 54, pp. 107-118; 
Fukui, Y., Smith, N.T., Interactions among ventilation, the circulation, and the uptake and distribution of halothane-use of a hybrid computer multiple model: II spontaneous vs. controlled ventilation, and the effects of CO 2 (1981) Anesthesiology, 54, pp. 119-124; 
Gaba, D.M., De Anda, A., A comprehensive anesthesia simulation environment: Recreating the operating room for research and training (1988) Anesthesiology, 69, pp. 387-394; 
Good, M.L., Gravenstein, J.S., Anesthesia simulators and training devices (1989) International Anesthesiololy Clinics, 27 (3), pp. 161-168; 
Guyton, A.C., (1991) Medical Physiolology, , (8th ed.). London: W.B. Saunders Company; 
Henson, L., Lee, A., (1998) Simulators in Anesthesiology Education, , New York: Plenum; 
Huikeshoven, F.J., Hope, I.D., Power, G.G., Gilbert, R.D., Longo, L.D., Mathematical model of fetal circulation and oxygen delivery (1985) American Journal of Physiology, 249, pp. R192-R202; 
Itskovitz, J., LaGamma, E., Rudolph, A.M., The effect of reducing umbilical blood flow on fetal oxygenation (1983) American Journal of Obstetric and Gynecology, 145 (7), pp. 813-818; 
Polin, R.A., Fox, W.W., (1998) Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, , (2nd ed.). London: W.B. Saunders Company; 
Schwid, H.A., Flight simulator for general anesthesia training (1987) Computers and Biomedical Research, 20, pp. 64-75; 
Schwid, H.A., O{\textquoteright}Donnell, D., The anesthesia simulator- recorder: A device to train and evaluate anesthesiologists{\textquoteright} responses to critical incidents (1990) Anesthesiology, 72, pp. 191-197; 
Severinghaus, J.W., Simple, accurate equations for human blood O 2 dissociation computations (1979) Journal of Applied Physiology, 46 (3), pp. 599-602; 
Skillman, C.A., Plemessinger, M.A., Woods, J.R., Clark, K.E., The effect of graded reductions in uteroplacental blood flow on fetal lamb (1985) American Journal of Physiology, 249 (18), pp. H1098-H1105; 
Sukumar, N., Morin III, F.C., Response of the fetal circulation to stress (1998) Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, pp. 1014-1023. , (2nd ed.) London: WB Saunders Company; 
van Meurs, W.L., Good, M., Lampotang, S., Functional anatomy of full-scale patient simulators (1997) Journal of Clinical Monitoring, 13 (5), pp. 317-324; 
Zwart, A., Smith, N.T., Beneken, J.E.W., Multiple model approach to uptake and distribution of halothane: The use of an analog computer (1972) Computers and Biomedical Research, 5, pp. 228-238
},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {59 - 66},
	abstract = {Critical situations in obstetrics and anesthesia of the pregnant woman are rare and associated with a high risk to the woman and fetus involved. Therefore, simulation is a valuable tool in teaching the diagnostic and therapeutic skills in this context. We derive a mathematical model for the oxygen supply to the fetus that was specifically designed for educational simulations. The model reflects the hemodynamics and the oxygen transport. Parameter values for human patients are derived from the literature data. We validate the response of the model, with parameters reflecting the fetal lamb, to various reductions of the uterine and umbilical blood flow. {\textcopyright} 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Anesthesiology, Blood, Computer simulation, control, Diagnosis, education, Fetal monitoring, fetus, hemodynamics, mathematical model, Mathematical models, medical application, Obstetrics, oxygen, Oxygen supply, simulator, Therapeutic skills},
	isbn = {09670661 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036141420\&partnerID=40\&md5=5b294e0689357e03c548b7ccf608b476},
	author = {S{\'a} Couto, P.M. and van Meurs, W.L. and Bernardes, J.F. and Marques De S{\'a}, J.P. and Goodwin, J.A.}
}
