



@article {2519,
	title = {Dissolution studies of hydroxyapatite and glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite ceramics},
	journal = {Materials CharacterizationMater Charact},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Conference code: 61615Cited By (since 1996): 15Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: MACHEdoi: 10.1016/S1044-5803(03)00092-5Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Prado da Silva, M.H.; DEMP, UFC, Campus PICI, Bl. 714, Fortaleza, CE 60455-760, Brazil; email: mhprado@dem.ufc.brReferences: Barinov, S.M., Baschenko, Y.V., Application of ceramic composites as implants: Result and problem (1992) Bioceramics and the Human Body, pp. 206-210. , A. Ravaglioli, \& A. Krajewski. United Kingdom: Elsevier;Nishihara, K., Studies on peri-root tissue formation around new type artificial root made of dense hydroxyapatite (1993) Clin. Mater., 12, pp. 159-167; 
Lopes, M.A., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., Serro, A.P., Saramago, B., Hydrophobicity, surface tensions, and zeta potential measurements of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites (1999) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 45, pp. 370-375; 
Santos, J.D., Silva, P.L., Knowles, J.C., Talal, S., Monteiro, F.J., Reinforcement of hydroxyapatite by adding P 2O 5-CaO glasses with Na 2O, K 2O, MgO (1996) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 7, pp. 187-189; 
Ferraz, M.P., Knowles, J.C., Olsen, I., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., Flow cytometry analysis of effects of glass on response of osteosarcoma cells to plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite/CaO-P 2O 5 coatings (1999) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 47, pp. 603-611; 
Ferraz, M.P., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., CaO-P 2O 5 glass hydroxyapatite double-layer plasma-sprayed coating: In vitro bioactivity evaluation (1999) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 45, pp. 376-383; 
Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Ohtsuki, C., Osaka, A., Kaneko, S., Push-out testing and histological evaluation of glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composites implanted in the tibia of rabbits (2001) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 54, pp. 463-469; 
Lopes, M.A., Knowles, J.C., Kuru, L., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Olsen, I., Flow cytometry for assessing biocompatibility (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 41, pp. 649-656; 
Kokubo, T., Ito, S., Huang, Z.T., Hayashi, T., Sakka, S., Ca, P-rich layer formed on high-strength bioactive glass-ceramic A-W (1990) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24, pp. 331-343; 
Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., Solution able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure changes of bioactive glass-ceramic A-W (1990) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24, pp. 721-734; 
Klein, C.P.A.T., Wolke, J.G.C., De Blieck-Hogervorst, J.M.A., De Groot, K., Features of calcium phosphate plasma-sprayed coatings: An in vitro study (1994) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 28, pp. 961-967; 
Klein, C.P.A.T., Wolke, J.G.C., De Blieck-Hogervorst, J.M.A., De Groot, K., Calcium phosphate plasma-sprayed coatings and their stability: An in vivo study (1994) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 28, pp. 909-917; 
Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Ohtsuki, C., Sakka, S., Yamamuro, T., Chemical reaction of bioactive glass and glass-ceramics with a simulated body fluid (1992) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 3, pp. 79-83; 
Zhang, H., Li, S., Yan, Y., Dissolution behaviour of hydroxyapatite powder in hydrothermal solution (2001) Ceram. Int., 27, pp. 451-454; 
LeGeros, R.Z., LeGeros, J.P., Calcium phosphate biomaterials in medical applications (1996) Bioceramics, 9, pp. 7-10. , T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura, \& F. Miyaji. Otsu, Japan: Elsevier; 
Queiroz, A.C., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Gibson, I.R., Knowles, J.C., Adsorption and release studies of sodium ampicillin from hydroxyapatite and glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites (2001) Biomaterials, 22, pp. 1393-1400; 
Langenbucher, F., Benz, D., K{\"u}rth, W., M{\"o}ller, H., Otz, M., Standardized flow-cell method as an alternative to existing pharmacopoeial dissolution testing (1989) Pharm. Ind., 51 (11), pp. 1276-1281; 
Kokubo, T., (1990) CRC Handbook of Bioactive Ceramics, 1, p. 41. , T. Yamamuro, L.L. Hench, \& J. Wilson. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 
International Standard ISO/FDIS 10993-14, Biological evaluation of medical devices: Part 14 (2001) Identification and Quantification of Degradation Products from Ceramics
},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {197 - 202},
	address = {Rio de Janeiro},
	abstract = {In the continuous agitation assays, glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite (GR-HA) was shown to form a calcium phosphate (CaP) layer, but hydroxyapatite (HA) only formed dispersed precipitates. The formation of this layer was first detected on the GR-HA with a 7.5\% glass addition (7.5 GR-HA) after only 3 days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). The time required for layer formation decreased as the amount of glass added to the HA increased. The dissolution rate of the materials followed a similar pattern, i.e. the dissolution rate for GR-HA was higher than for HA, and increased with the addition of glass. The immersion of 7.5 GR-HA in water showed almost linear dissolution kinetics over the immersion periods (3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days). The concentration of calcium ions in solution and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the 7.5 GR-HA specimens immersed in water and in SBF revealed a clear competition between the material dissolution and the precipitation of a CaP phase. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy with alternated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analysis indicated that the CaP phase that formed during longer immersion times (30 and 60 days) could be a carbonate-substituted CaP precipitate. As expected from previous work, the GR-HA behavior in terms of its in vitro bioactivity is higher than HA because a homogeneous CaP layer is formed and the precipitation occurs faster. From the dissolution test and in accordance with the chemical composition of the samples, GR-HA was more soluble than HA. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Ceramic materials, Dissolution, glass, Glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite, Immersion times, Scanning electron microscopy},
	isbn = {10445803 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0141895021\&partnerID=40\&md5=9226464f75e2ecd20d23f9d42e61d69e},
	author = {Queiroz, A.C. and Santos, J.D. and Monteiro, F.J. and Prado da Silva, M.H.},
	editor = {Solorzano G. and Freire Jr. F.L. and Soares G.A. and Souza P.L.}
}
@article {2531,
	title = {Porous glass reinforced hydroxyapatite materials produced with different organic additives},
	journal = {Journal of Non-Crystalline SolidsJ Non Cryst Solids},
	volume = {304},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 31Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JNCSBdoi: 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01036-0Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Prado da Silva, M.H.; DEM, Universidade Federal do Ceara, PO Box 12144, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; email: mpsilva@ibmc.up.ptReferences: Ferraz, M.P., Knowles, J.C., Olsen, I., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., (2000) Biomaterials, 21, p. 813;Ferraz, M.P., Knowles, J.C., Olsen, I., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., (1999) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 47, p. 603; 
Ferraz, M.P., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., (1999) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 45, p. 376; 
Silva, P.L., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Knowles, J.C., (1998) Surf. Coat. Tech., 102, p. 191; 
Zhang, Y., Santos, J.D., (2000) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 272, p. 14; 
Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Ohtsuki, C., Osaka, A., Kaneko, S., Inoue, H., (2001) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 54, p. 463; 
Santos, J.D., Reis, R.L., Monteiro, F.J., Knowles, J.C., Hastings, G.W., (1995) J. Mater. Sci: Mat. Med., 6, p. 348; 
Santos, J.D., Jha, L.J., Monteiro, F.J., (1996) J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Med., 7, p. 181; 
Lemos, A.F., Ferreira, J.M.F., (2000) Mater. Sci. Eng, 11, p. 35; 
Lyckfeldt, O., Ferreira, J.M.F., (1998) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 18, p. 131; 
Saggio-Woyansky, J., Scott, C.E., Minnear, W.P., (1992) Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 71, p. 1674; 
De Groot, K., Klein, C.P.A.T., Wolke, J.G.C., De Blieck-Hogervorst, J.M.A., (1990) Hand. Bioact. Cer., 2, p. 3. , CRC, Boca Raton, FL; 
Knowles, J.C., Santos, J.D., Hastings, G.W., patent number WO0068164, 2000Larson, A.C., Von Dreele, R.B., Lujan M., Jr., GSAS, Neutron Scattering Centre, Los Alamos National Laboratory, CA, 1990Kay, M.I., Young, R.A., Posner, A.S., (1964) Nature, 204, p. 1050; 
Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Knowles, J.C., (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 39, p. 244
},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {286 - 292},
	abstract = {In the present study three different organic additives were used to produce porous structures of a CaO-P                        2O
                        5 glass reinforced hydroxyapatite potato starch, almond crust and wax spheres. The produced samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, differential thermal analysis and mercury porosimetry. The techniques used in this study enabled the production of glass reinforced hydroxyapatite samples with various pore diameters. Two different techniques were used to produce porous glass reinforced hydroxyapatite samples: a dry method using wax spheres as pore formers and a wet method in alcoholic suspension, where almond crust and potato starch were used as pore formers. The final microstructure consists of hydroxyapatite, α-tricalcium phosphate and β-tricalcium phosphate. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed different percentages of phases when comparing dense and porous glass reinforced hydroxyapatite specimens. These hard materials are intended to be used as bone defect fillers. {\textcopyright} 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
},
	keywords = {Additives, Differential thermal analysis, Fillers, glass, hydroxyapatite, Microstructure, Porosimeters, Porous glasses, Porous materials, Scanning electron microscopy, Suspensions (fluids), X ray diffraction analysis},
	isbn = {00223093 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036605142\&partnerID=40\&md5=fe083da9c9790ba4439e741dc6eb8760},
	author = {Prado da Silva, M.H. and Lemos, A.F. and Gibson, I.R. and Ferreira, J.M.F. and Santos, J.D.}
}
@book {2522,
	title = {Production of porous biomaterials based on glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites},
	series = {Key Engineering MaterialsKey Eng Mat},
	volume = {230-232},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Conference code: 60281Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: KEMAELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Prado da Silva, M.H.; Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomaterials, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, PT-4150-180 Porto, PortugalReferences: Lemos, A.F., Ferreira, J.M.F., (2000) Materials Science and Engineering, 11, pp. 35-40;Saggio-Woyansky, J., Scott, C.E., Minnear, W.P., (1992) Amer. Cer. Society Bulletin, 71 (11), pp. 1674-1682; 
Lopes, M.A., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Ohtsuki, C., Osaka, A., Kaneko, S., Inouue, H., (2001) J. Biom. Mater. Res., 54, pp. 463-469; 
Knowles, J.C., Santos, J.D., Hastings, G.W., (2000) Sintered Hydroxyapatite Composition and Method for the Preparation thereof, , Patent number WO0068164
},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {483 - 486},
	address = {Coimbra},
	abstract = {In this study, porous GR-HA composites were produced using a calcium-phosphate glass with the composition, in mol\%, 75P                        2O
                        5-15CaO-10CaF
                        2. The composites were obtained by wet mixing 4.0\% (w/w) of the glasses with hydroxyapatite (HA) powder (batch P120) (Plasma Biotal; Tideswell, U.K.), pressing and sintering. Two different organic additives were used as pore formers: potato starch and almond crust. This processing route was effective in producing a homogeneous microstructure of equiaxed grains. The bulk density of the samples decreased with the volume fraction increase in the content of pore formers. Scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry analyses showed to be complementary techniques in characterising the pore size and distribution.
},
	keywords = {Biomaterials, Composite materials, glass, Glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites, GR-HA Composites, hydroxyapatite, Macroporous Bioceramics, Mercury (metal), Microstructure, Organic Additives, Pore size, Porous materials, Powders, Pressing (forming), Scanning electron microscopy, Sintering, Starch},
	isbn = {10139826 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036432238\&partnerID=40\&md5=9af5590c70f4defe5e87b9a72042e11b},
	author = {Prado da Silva, M.H. and Lemos, A.F. and Ferreira, J.M.F. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D.},
	editor = {Vieira T.}
}
