



@article {2568,
	title = {Histological effects of iron accumulation on mice liver and spleen after administration of a metallic solution},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 15Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00124-6PubMed ID: 10555088Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Pereira, M.C.; Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; email: mcsp@fe.up.ptChemicals/CAS: Iron, 7439-89-6; SolutionsReferences: Rheinold, J.B., Trace elements - A selective survey (1975) Clin Chem, 21, p. 476;Crichton, R.R., Ward, R.J., Structure and molecular biology of iron binding-proteins and the regulation of free iron pools (1992) Iron and Human Diseases, pp. 23-75. , R.B. Lauffer. Boca Raton: CRC Press Inc; 
Lynch, S.R., Lipschitz, D.A., Bothwell, T.H., Charlton, R.W., Iron and the reticulo-endothelial system (1974) Iron in Biochemistry and Medicine, p. 563. , A. Jacobs, \& M. Worwood. London: Academic Press; 
Black, J., Mineral metabolism (1981) Biological Performance of Materials: Fundamentals of Biocompatibility. Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, 8, pp. 158-168. , R. Plonsey, Katz J.L. New York: Marcel Dekker; 
Sutow, E.J., Pollack, S.R., The biocompatibility of certain stainless steels (1981) Biocompatibility of Clinical Implant Materials, pp. 77-98. , D.F. Williams. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 
Winter, G.D., Tissue reactions to metallic wear and corrosion products in human patients (1974) J Biomed Mater Res Symp, 5, pp. 11-26; 
Winter, G.D., Wear and corrosion products in tissues and the reactions they provoke (1976) Biocompatibility of Implant Materials, pp. 28-54. , In: Williams, DF, editor London; 
Ferguson A.B., Jr., Laing, P.G., Hodge, E.S., The ionization of metal implants in living tissues (1960) J Bone Jt Surg a, 42, pp. 77-90; 
Pohler, O.E.M., Degradation of metallic orthopedic implants (1983) Biomaterials in Reconstructive Surgery, pp. 196-197. , In: Rubin LR, editor London: The C.V. Mosby Company; 
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Pereira, M.L., Pereira, M.C., Sousa, J.P., Evaluation of nickel effects on mouse liver: Tissue response and metal ion accumulation (1995) Biomed Lett, 52, pp. 235-244; 
Pereira, M.C., Pereira, M.L., Sousa, J.P., Evaluation of nickel toxicity on liver, spleen and kidney of mice after administration of high-dose metal ion (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 40, pp. 40-47; 
Pereira, M.C., Sousa, J.P., Nickel quantification in mice organs by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry using microelectrodes (1997) Electroanalysis, 9, pp. 150-154; 
Pereira, M.C., Pereira, M.L., Sousa, J.P., Adsorptive stripping measurements of iron accumulation in mice kidney using microelectrodes and histological features (1998) J Trace Elements Med Biol, 12, pp. 50-55; 
Van Den Berg, C.M.G., Huang, Z.Q., Determination of iron in seawater using cathodic stripping voltammetry proceeded by adsorptive collection with the hanging mercury drop electrode (1984) J Electroanal Chem, 177, pp. 269-280; 
Smith, G.K., Black, J., Estimation of in vivo type 316L stainless steel corrosion rate from blood transport and organ accumulation data (1985) Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials: Second Symposium, pp. 223-247. , A.C. Fraker, \& C.D. Griffin. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials; 
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Britton, S.R., Ramm, G.A., Olynyk, J., Singh, R., O{\textquoteright}Neill, R., Bacon, B.R., Pathophysiology of iron toxicity (1994) Progress in Iron Research, pp. 239-253. , C. et al. Hershko. New York: Plenum Press
},
	month = {1999///},
	pages = {2193 - 2198},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science Ltd},
	abstract = {Special attention has been focused on the toxicity of some metallic species released from implanted materials, which accumulate in vital organs over long periods of time. A set of experiments with mice was designed to investigate the individual effects caused by iron in the liver and spleen. Histological features of these organs were evaluated and slight morphological changes were observed during the treatment time suggesting a negative correlation with the duration of the iron treatment. In addition, to associate the histological changes in the organs with iron accumulation an electrochemical method, adsorptive stripping voltammetry, was chosen to quantify the iron levels in these mentioned organs. The accuracy of the proposed method was checked by atomic absorption spectrometry. Both organs showed elevated concentrations of iron, nearly twofold, 7 days after iron administration compared to control organs.Special attention has been focused on the toxicity of some metallic species released from implanted materials, which accumulate in vital organs over long periods of time. A set of experiments with mice was designed to investigate the individual effects caused by iron in the liver and spleen. Histological features of these organs were evaluated and slight morphological changes were observed during the treatment time suggesting a negative correlation with the duration of the iron treatment. In addition, to associate the histological changes in the organs with iron accumulation an electrochemical method, adsorptive stripping voltammetry, was chosen to quantify the iron levels in these mentioned organs. The accuracy of the proposed method was checked by atomic absorption spectrometry. Both organs showed elevated concentrations of iron, nearly twofold, 7 days after iron administration compared to control organs.
},
	keywords = {Absorption spectroscopy, accuracy, Adsorption, Adsorptive stripping voltametry, Adsorptive stripping voltammetry, animal experiment, animal model, animal tissue, Animalia, Animals, article, atomic absorption spectrometry, Atomic spectroscopy, bioaccumulation, biomaterial, controlled study, Corrosion, electrochemistry, histology, histopathology, Implants (surgical), Injections, Subcutaneous, Iron, iron metabolism, Kinetics, Liver, liver toxicity, male, metal implantation, Mice, morphology, mouse, nonhuman, Organ Size, potentiometry, priority journal, quantitative assay, Solutions, Spleen, Stainless steel, tissue distribution, toxicity},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032855084\&partnerID=40\&md5=2e7274d8d0372ff55881c2d9de94c54b},
	author = {Pereira, M.C. and Pereira, M.L. and Sousa, J.P.}
}
@article {2588,
	title = {Adsorptive stripping measurements of iron accumulation in mice kidney using microelectrodes and histological features},
	journal = {Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and BiologyJ. Trace Elem. Med. Biol.},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JTEBFPubMed ID: 9638613Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Sousa, J.P.; INEB-Inst. de Engenharia Biomedica, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade Engenharia Univ. do Porto, Praca do Coronel Pacheco, 1, 4050 Porto, PortugalChemicals/CAS: Iron, 7439-89-6; Mercury, 7439-97-6References: Traisnel, M., Le Maguer, D., Hildebrand, H.F., Iost, A., Corrosion of surgical implants (1990) Clin. Mater., 5, pp. 309-318;Sutow, E.J., Pollack, S.R., The biocompatibility of certain stainless steels (1981) Biocompatibility of Clinical Implant Materials, 1, pp. 77-98. , Williams, D.F. eds CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida; 
Ferguson Jr., A.B., Laing, P.G., Hodge, E.S., The ionization of metal implants in living tissues (1960) J. Bone Joint Surg., 42 A, pp. 77-90; 
Winter, G.D., Wear and corrosion products in tissues and the reactions they provoke (1976) Biocompatibility of Implant Materials, pp. 28-54. , Williams, D.F. eds London; 
Lux, F., Zeisler, R., Investigations of the corrosive deposition of components of metal implants and the behaviour of biological trace elements in metallosis tissue by means of instrumental multi-element activation analysis (1974) J. Radioanal. Chem., 19, pp. 289-297; 
Merritt, K., Brown, S.A., Sharkey, N.A., Blood distribution of nickel, cobalt, and chromium following intramuscular injection into hamsters (1984) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 18, pp. 991-1004; 
Merritt, K., Brown, S.A., Biological effects of corrosion products from metals (1985) Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials: Second Symposium, pp. 195-207. , Fraker, A.C., Griffin, C.D. eds American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia; 
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Merritt, K., Crowe, T.D., Brown, S.A., Elimination of nickel, cobalt, and chromium following repeated injections of high dose metal salts (1989) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23, pp. 845-862; 
Pereira, M.L., Pereira, M.C., Sousa, J.P., Evaluation of nickel effects on mouse liver: Tissue response and metal ion accumulation (1995) Biomedical Letters, 52, pp. 235-244; 
Pereira, M.C., Pereira, M.L., Sousa, J.P., Evaluation of nickel toxicity on liver, spleen and kidney of mice after administration of high-dose metal ion (1997) J. Biomed. Mater Res., pp. XXXXXX. , in press; 
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Perejra, M.C., Faria, J.L., Reis, M.L., Sousa, J.P., Nickel quantification in mice organs by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry using mercury microelectrodes (1996) Electroanalysis, 9, pp. 150-154; 
Van Den Berg, C.M.G., Huang, Z.Q., Determination of iron in seawater using cathodic stripping voltammetry preceded by adsorptive collection with the hanging mercury drop electrode (1984) J. Electroanal. Chem., 177, pp. 269-280; 
Morais, S., Carvalho, G.S., Sousa, J.P., Iron determination in osteoblast-like cell cultures medium by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry with mercury microelectrodes (1997) Electroanalysis, 9; 
Wang, J., Mannino, S., Application of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to the speciation and determination of iron (III) and total iron in wines (1989) Analyst, 114, pp. 643-645; 
Smith, G.K., Black, J., Estimation of in vivo type 316L stainless steel corrosion rate from blood transport and organ accumulation data (1985) Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials: Second Symposium, pp. 223-247. , Fraker, A.C. and Griffin. Eds. American Society for Testing Materials; 
Pereira, M.C., Sousa, J.P., Determination of total iron in biological sample solutions with mercury microelectrodes (1996) Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta, 14, pp. 273-278; 
Pereira, M.C., Pereira, M.L., Sousa, J.P., Adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurements of chromium accumulation in mice organs using mercury microelectrodes (1997) Electroanalysis, 9, pp. 941-944
},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {50 - 55},
	abstract = {The toxic effects caused by iron in kidney was performed on experimental studies with mice following administration of a metallic solution of this specie to simulate the iron corrosion products of a metallic implant. To quantify the total levels of iron present in this organ, an electrochemical method was chosen based on the application of square wave voltammetry using adsorptive collection of iron-catechol on a mercury film microelectrode (MFM). The optimal working conditions to produce a very stable and reproducible iron peak in the digested kidney samples were found to be pH=7.2 provided by 8.0 mmol/L PIPES buffer, catechol concentration of 3.0x10},
	keywords = {, biomaterials, Adsorptive stripping, animal experiment, animal model, animal tissue, Animals, article, atomic absorption spectrometry, biomaterial, controlled study, electrochemical analysis, electrochemistry, histology, Iron, iron absorption, Kidney, male, Mercury, metal implantation, Mice, microelectrode, Microelectrodes, mouse, nonhuman, potentiometry, priority journal, Toxicology},
	isbn = {0946672X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031746863\&partnerID=40\&md5=f85b47bb916eab32df5be2219498793f},
	author = {Pereira, M.C. and Pereira, M.L. and Sousa, J.P.}
}
@article {2587,
	title = {Evaluation of nickel toxicity on liver, spleen, and kidney of mice after administration of high-dose metal ion},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials ResearchJ. Biomed. Mater. Res.},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 27Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRBdoi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199804)40:1<40::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-RPubMed ID: 9511097Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Sousa, J.P.; Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Praca Coronel Pacheco, 1, 4050 Porto, PortugalChemicals/CAS: Nickel, 7440-02-0References: Cigada, A., Rondelli, G., Vicentini, B., Brunella, F., Dallaspezia, G., Corrosion behavior of high nitrogen stainless steels for biomedical applications (1994) Compatibility of Biomedical Implants, pp. 185-195. , P. Kovacs and N. S. Istephanous (eds.), The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, New Jersey;Bumgardner, J.D., Lucas, L.C., An evaluation of the corrosion properties and cellular compatibility of nickel-based dental casting alloys (1994) Compatibility of Biomedical Implants, pp. 241-252. , P. Kovacs and N. S. Istephanous (eds.), The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, New Jersey; 
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},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {40 - 47},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc},
	abstract = {The toxic effects caused by nickel (Ni) per si were explored by performing in vivo studies on mice following subcutaneous administration of a metallic solution of nickel at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks to evaluate the side effects of this metal ion when released from stainless steel implants. Other groups were similarly injected with HBSS and used as controls. Accumulation of Ni ions on liver, spleen, and kidney was assessed by an electrochemical method, adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) using microelectrodes, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Alterations of those organs induced by Ni ions were studied, showing that several histological changes had been induced. Chemical analysis and histological features indicate that Ni is partially accumulated in the study organs.The toxic effects caused by nickel (Ni) per si were explored by performing in vivo studies on mice following subcutaneous administration of a metallic solution of nickel at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks to evaluate the side effects of this metal ion when released from stainless steel implants. Other groups were similarly injected with HBSS and used as controls. Accumulation of Ni ions on liver, spleen, and kidney was assessed by an electrochemical method, adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) using microelectrodes, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Alterations of those organs induced by Ni ions were studied, showing that several histological changes had been induced. Chemical analysis and histological features indicate that Ni is partially accumulated in the study organs.
},
	keywords = {Absorption spectroscopy, Adsorptive stripping voltammetry, animal experiment, animal tissue, Animals, article, atomic absorption spectrometry, biomaterial, body weight, controlled study, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, electrochemistry, Evaluation Studies, histology, Implants (surgical), Kidney, Liver, liver toxicity, Living systems studies, Mice, Microelectrodes, mouse, nephrotoxicity, Nickel, nonhuman, potentiometry, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Spleen, spleen injury, Stainless steel, toxicity},
	isbn = {00219304 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032053959\&partnerID=40\&md5=b1b91f83e841302830f88702c7146ae0},
	author = {Pereira, M.C. and Pereira, M.L. and Sousa, J.P.}
}
@article {2602,
	title = {Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Measurements of Chromium Accumulation in Mice Organs Using Mercury Film Microelectrodes},
	journal = {ElectroanalysisElectroanalysis},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 19Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: ELANELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Sousa, J.P.; Inst. de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Depto. de Engenharia Qu{\'\i}mica, Universidade do Porto, Pra{\c c}a do Coronel Pacheco, 1, P-4050 Porto, PortugalReferences: Katz, S.A., Salem, H., (1994) The Biological and Environmental Chemistry of Chromium, , VCH, Weinheim ch. 5;Black, J., (1988) J. Bone Joint Surg., 70 B, p. 517; 
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},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {941 - 944},
	abstract = {Chromium is the metallic species of most concern with the use of stainless steel implants. To study the distribution of chromium in mice organs with time, several animals were subcutaneously injected with 2.70 {\texttimes} 10},
	keywords = {Adsorptive stripping voltammetry, Biomaterials, Chromium, Microelectrodes},
	isbn = {10400397 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000379196\&partnerID=40\&md5=9521717895db74058cd9402ada6394b3},
	author = {Pereira, M.C. and Pereira, M.L. and Sousa, J.P.}
}
@article {2636,
	title = {Stainless steel corrosion products cause alterations on mouse spleen cellular populations},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in MedicineJ. MATER. SCI. MATER. MED.},
	volume = {6},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 19Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JSMMEdoi: 10.1007/BF00121249Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Tracana, R.B.; Natl. Inst. Biomedical Engineering, INEB, Praca Coronel Pacheco 1, 4000 Porto, Portugal},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {56 - 61},
	publisher = {Chapman \& Hall Ltd},
	abstract = {Stainless steel is a metallic biomaterial commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. In this study we looked at the effects of stainless steel corrosion products on spleen, in order to evaluate their potential immunotoxicological effects. For this purpose stainless steel, type AISI 316L, was electrochemically dissolved in a physiological salt solution. The final solution, containing 490 μg/ml Fe, 224 μg/ml Cr and 150 μg/ml Ni, was injected subcutaneously in mice. After several periods of time (4, 10 and 14 days) spleens were removed and analysed for: (a) their contents in Fe, Cr and Ni, (b) histological alterations, (c) enumeration of cellular populations. Results showed that stainless steel corrosion products accumulated in spleen, caused histological alterations, and induced changes in cellular populations. When compared to chromium and nickel, iron was the metal ion preferentially accumulated in spleen. The increase of the multinucleated giant cell population was accompanied by depletion of lymphocyte populations. This study indicates that stainless steel corrosion products can spread systemically and accumulate in spleen inducing histological and cellular alterations which may give rise to immunotoxicological consequences.Stainless steel is a metallic biomaterial commonly used in orthopaedic surgery. In this study we looked at the effects of stainless steel corrosion products on spleen, in order to evaluate their potential immunotoxicological effects. For this purpose stainless steel, type AISI 316L, was electrochemically dissolved in a physiological salt solution. The final solution, containing 490 μg/ml Fe, 224 μg/ml Cr and 150 μg/ml Ni, was injected subcutaneously in mice. After several periods of time (4, 10 and 14 days) spleens were removed and analysed for: (a) their contents in Fe, Cr and Ni, (b) histological alterations, (c) enumeration of cellular populations. Results showed that stainless steel corrosion products accumulated in spleen, caused histological alterations, and induced changes in cellular populations. When compared to chromium and nickel, iron was the metal ion preferentially accumulated in spleen. The increase of the multinucleated giant cell population was accompanied by depletion of lymphocyte populations. This study indicates that stainless steel corrosion products can spread systematically and accumulate in spleen inducing histological and cellular alterations which may give rise to immunotoxicological consequences.
},
	keywords = {animal cell, animal experiment, animal tissue, Animalia, article, Biocompatibility, biomaterial, cell population, Cells, Chromium, Chronoamperometry, controlled study, Corrosion, Corrosion products, Dissolution, electrochemistry, giant cell, histology, immunology, immunotoxicity, Immunotoxicological effects, Ions, Iron, Lymphocyte, lymphocyte subpopulation, male, mouse, Nickel, nonhuman, orthopedic surgery, priority journal, sodium chloride, Spleen, spleen cell, Stainless steel, Steel corrosion, subcutaneous drug administration, toxicity},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028883275\&partnerID=40\&md5=0d4737517419b9f7ccafa996ef5e1bb1},
	author = {Tracana, R.B. and Pereira, M.L. and Abreu, A.M. and Sousa, J.P. and Carvalho, G.S.}
}
