



@article {2600,
	title = {Structure development and control of injection-molded hydroxylapatite-reinforced starch/EVOH composites},
	journal = {Advances in Polymer TechnologyAdv Polym Technol},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 53Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: APTYDLanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Reis, R.L.; Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4099 Porto Codex, PortugalReferences: Hayashi, T., (1994) Prog. Polym. Sci., 19, p. 663;Rokkanen, P.U., (1991) Ann. Med., 23, p. 109; 
Knowles, J.C., Hastings, G.W., (1992) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 3, p. 352; 
Adriano, K.P., Pohjonen, T., Tormalla, P., (1994) J. Appl. Biomater., 5, p. 133; 
Daniels, A.U., Andriano, K.P., Smutz, W.P., Chang, M.K.O., Heller, J., (1994) J. Appl. Biomater., 5, p. 51; 
Bastioli, C., Bellotti, V., Del Guidice, L., Gilli, G., (1993) J. Environ. Polym. Degrad., 1, p. 181; 
Griffin, G.J.L., (1994) Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 45, p. 241; 
Stepto, R.F.T., Tomka, I., (1987) Chimia, 41, p. 76; 
Bhattarcharya, M., Vaidya, U.R., Zhang, D., Narayan, R., (1995) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 57, p. 539; 
Reis, R.L., Cunha, A.M., (1995) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 6, p. 786; 
Reis, R.L., Cunha, A.M., Allan, P.S., Bevis, M.J., (1996) J. Polym. Adv. Technol., 7, p. 784; 
Wang, M., Bonfield, W., Hench, L.L., (1995) Bioceramics 8, p. 383. , J. Wilson and L. L. Hench (Eds). Butterworth-Heinemann, New York; 
Verheyen, C.C.P.M., Wijn, J.R., Van Blitterswijk, C.A., De Groot, K., (1992) J. Biomedd. Mater. Res., 26, p. 1277; 
Verheyen, C.C.P.M., Klein, C.P.A.T., De Blieck-Hogervorst, J.M.A., Wolke, J.G.C., Van Blitterswijk, C.A., De Groot, K., (1993) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 4, p. 58; 
Higashi, S., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Ikada, Y., Hyon, S.H., Jamshidi, K., (1986) Biomaterials, 7, p. 183; 
Knowles, J.C., Hastings, G.W., (1993) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 4, p. 102; 
Or{\'e}fice, R.L., La Torre, G.P., West, J.K., Hench, L.L., (1995) Bioceramics 8, p. 409. , J. Wilson, and L. L. Hench (Eds)., Butterworth-Heinemann, New York; 
Allan, P.S., Bevis, M.J., British Patent 2170-140-B (1987)Allan, P.S., Bevis, M.J., (1987) Plast. Rubber Proc. Appl., 7, p. 3; 
Allan, P.S., Bevis, M.J., (1990) Comp. Manuf., 2, p. 79; 
Bastioli, C., Bellotti, V., Rallis, A., (1994) Rheol. Acta, 33, p. 307; 
Reis, R.L., Mendes, S.C., Cunha, A.M., Bevis, M.J., (1997) Polym. Int, 43, p. 347
},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {263 - 277},
	abstract = {This article reports on the development of novel composites of starch-based polymers reinforced with hydroxylapatite (HA). Two different grades of blends of starch and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers were reinforced with up to 30\% (wt) of sintered and nonsintered HA. The initial compounding stage was carried out either in a rotating drum or by twin-screw extrusion (TSE). Compounds were injection molded using both conventional molding and a shear-controlled orientation in injection molding (Scorim) technique. It was possible to obtain composites with very good mechanical properties, approaching those of cortical bone. The best results were achieved for 30\% sintered HA composites processed by TSE and Scorim, due to the in situ formation of HA fibers, and the development of molecular orientation and more compact microstructures in the moldings. This was confirmed by SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The biodegradability of the composites was also assessed and was found to be faster than that of the matrix. {\textcopyright} 1997 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
	keywords = {Biodegradation, Composition effects, Compounding (chemical), Copolymers, Extrusion molding, hydroxyapatite, Injection molding, Microstructure, Molecular orientation, Phosphate minerals, Polymer blends, Polyvinyl alcohols, Reinforced plastics, Rotating drum extrusion, Starch, Twin screw extrusion},
	isbn = {07306679 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031382738\&partnerID=40\&md5=1c26b12749883526162bae287a8ef6a9},
	author = {Reis, R.L. and Cunha, A.M. and Allan, P.S. and Bevis, M.J.}
}
@article {2618,
	title = {Mechanical behavior of injection-molded starch-based polymers},
	journal = {Polymers for Advanced TechnologiesPolym. Adv. Technol.},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 58Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusLanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Reis, R.L.; Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, FEUP, Rua dos Bragas, 4099 Porto Codex, PortugalReferences: Rokkanen, P.U., (1991) Ann. Med., 23, p. 109;Danniels, A.U., Adriano, K.P., Smutz, W.P., Chang, M.K.O., Heller, J., (1994) J. Appl. Biomater., 5, p. 51; 
Baumgart, F.W., Perren, S.M., (1994) Clinical and Laboratory Performance of Bone Plates, p. 42. , J. P. Harvey and R. F. Games, eds., ASTM STP1217, Philadelphia; 
Knowles, J.C., Hastings, G.W., (1992) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 3, p. 352; 
Knowles, J.C., Hastings, G.W., (1993) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 4, p. 102; 
Bastioli, C., Bellotti, V., Del Guidice, L., Gilli, G., (1993) J. Environ. Polym. Degr., 1, p. 181; 
Yoshida, Y., Uemura, T., (1994) Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers, p. 443. , Y. Doi and K. Fukuda, eds, Elsevier Science, Tokyo; 
Bastioli, C., Bellotti, V., Camia, M., Del Giudice, L., Rallis, A., (1994) Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers, p. 200. , Y. Doi and K. Fukuda, eds, Elsevier Science, Tokyo; 
Allan, P.S., Bevis, M.J., British Patent 2170-140-BAllan, P.S., Bevis, M.J., (1987) Plast. Rubb. Proc. Appl., 7, p. 3; 
Allan, P.S., Bevis, M.J., (1990) Comp. Manufac., 2, p. 79; 
Reis, R.L., Cunha, A.M., (1995) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 6, p. 786; 
Bastioli, C., Belloti, V., Rallis, A., (1994) Rheological Acta, 33, p. 307
},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {784 - 790},
	abstract = {This work evaluates the mechanical performance of injection-molded starch-based copolymers, 60/40 (mol/ mol) starch/poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol), and the possibility of improving material properties through deliberately induced anisotropy during processing. Different types of samples were produced by conventional and shear-controlled injection molding (Scorim) and tested under tensile and impact loading. The behavior of three distinct grades is discussed in terms of the respective fracture morphology (evaluated by scanning electron microscopy). A comparison is made between the behavior of conventional and Scorim samples. The results show that the mechanical properties of the materials used were significantly improved by the employment of the Scorim process. The stiffness values of the conventional moldings were doubled, without reducing the ductility of the polymer. The impact data showed a material sensitivity, and consequent loss of properties, to the localized shear imposed to the melt during processing. This situation is attributed to very narrow mold gates (in the case of pingated systems) and leads to much reduced impact performance.},
	keywords = {Anisotropy, Biomaterials, Copolymers, differential scanning calorimetry, Ductility, fracture, Impact performance, Impact testing, Injection molding, Mechanical performance, Melting temperature, morphology, Narrow mold gates, performance, Scanning electron microscopy, Scorim, Scorim process, Starch-based polymers, Starched based polymers, Stiffness, Tensile testing},
	isbn = {10427147 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030257651\&partnerID=40\&md5=6e1c4c7e5c43e8f84ab0e214681cd98b},
	author = {Reis, R.L. and Cunha, A.M. and Allan, P.S. and Bevis, M.J.}
}
