



@article {3274,
	title = {Crucial CD8+ T-lymphocyte cytotoxic role in amphotericin B nanospheres efficacy against experimental visceral leishmaniasis},
	journal = {Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {1021 - 1030},
	abstract = {This work aims to develop poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-nanospheres containing amphotericin B (AmB) with suitable physicochemical properties and anti-parasitic activity for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) therapy. When compared with unloaded-PLGA-nanospheres, the AmB-loaded PLGA-nanospheres displayed an increased particle size without affecting the polydispersity and its negative surface charge. AmB stability in the PLGA-nanospheres was \&gt;90\% over 60-days at 30{\textdegree}C. The AmB-PLGA-nanospheres demonstrated significant in vitro and in vivo efficacy and preferential accumulation in the visceral organs. In addition, an immune-modulatory effect was observed in mice treated with AmB-PLGA-nanospheres, correlating with improved treatment efficacy. The in vitro cytotoxic response of the T-lymphocytes revealed that AmB-PLGA-nanospheres efficacy against VL infection was strictly due to the action of CD8+- but not CD4+-T lymphocytes. Overall, we demonstrate a crucial role for CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the efficacy of AmB-PLGA nanospheres, which could represent a potent and affordable alternative for VL therapy. From the Clinical Editor: This study demonstrates a crucial role for CD8+ T lymphocytes in eliminating visceral leishmaniasis in a murine model by enhancing the cytotoxic efficacy of CD8+ T-cells via amphotericin-B-PLGA nanospheres, paving a way to a unique, potentially more potent and cost-effective therapeutic strategy. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Inc.},
	keywords = {Amphotericin B, Immune-modulation, Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres, Visceral leishmaniasis},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84903548865\&partnerID=40\&md5=2258c0fa01cf6df10638a16d9368bed6},
	author = {Costa Lima, S.A. and Silvestre, R. and Barros, D. and Cunha, J. and Baltazar, M.T. and Dinis-Oliveira, R.J. and Cordeiro-da-Silva, A.}
}
