



@article {3286,
	title = {Nanoparticle-based drug delivery to improve the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in the central nervous system},
	journal = {International Journal of Nanomedicine},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {1757 - 1769},
	abstract = {Antiretroviral drug therapy plays a cornerstone role in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Despite obvious advances over the past 3 decades, new approaches toward improved management of infected individuals are still required. Drug distribution to the central nervous system (CNS) is required in order to limit and control viral infection, but the presence of natural barrier structures, in particular the blood-brain barrier, strongly limits the perfusion of anti-HIV compounds into this anatomical site. Nanotechnology-based approaches may help providing solutions for antiretro-viral drug delivery to the CNS by potentially prolonging systemic drug circulation, increasing the crossing and reducing the efflux of active compounds at the blood-brain barrier, and providing cell/tissue-targeting and intracellular drug delivery. After an initial overview on the basic features of HIV infection of the CNS and barriers to active compound delivery to this anatomical site, this review focuses on recent strategies based on antiretroviral drug-loaded solid nanoparticles and drug nanosuspensions for the potential management of HIV infection of the CNS. {\textcopyright} 2014 Gomes et al.},
	keywords = {Blood-brain barrier, drug targeting, Efflux transporters, HIV/AIDS, Protease inhibitors},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84898486385\&partnerID=40\&md5=31d2c7f6e0759fb62143e329fb8599ae},
	author = {Gomes, M.J. and Das Neves, J. and Sarmento, B.}
}
@article {3321,
	title = {Natriuretic peptide system modulation in uninephrectomized rats},
	journal = {Experimental and Clinical Cardiology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {2368 - 2387},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiac activation of the natriuretic peptide (NP) system plays a major role in the renal adaptations to volume, expansion (VE). However, its role after uninephrectomy (Unx) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated cardiac hemodynamics, plasma NP-Type B (BNP) levels nd NP receptor A (NPR-A) and C (NPR-C) expression in the renal cortex (RC) and medulla (RM) of Sham and Unx rats. METHODS: Male Wistar-Han rats (n=42) were randomly assigned to Unx or Sham surgery. Non-invasive blood pressure (BP), invasive left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and natriuretic response to VE were performed and plasma was collected for BNP determination, 2, 10 and 26 weeks after surgery. In addition, samples from RC and RM were obtained for NPR-A and -C quantification (RT-PCR and western-blot). RESULTS: In Unx, blood pressure elevation and reduced natriuretic response to VE were observed. Although plasma BNP levels increased overtime, no LV dysfunction or myocardial BNP gene activation was observed in Unx. NPR-A mRNA in RC and RM were significantly increased in Unx at 26 weeks. This was accompanied by decreased NPR-C mRNA in the RM in Unx at 10 and 26 weeks, with no differences detected in the RC. CONCLUSIONS: In our experimentalmodel of Unx, progressive BP elevation and reduced natriuretic response to VE were accompanied by modulation of NPR-A and -C expression, in both the RC and RM, in the absence of cardiac activation of the NP system. Our results suggest a local renal modulation of the NP system after Unx. {\textcopyright} 2013 et al.; licensee Cardiology Academic Press.},
	keywords = {BNP, Hypertension, Natriuretic peptide receptor, Uninephrectomy},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905968553\&partnerID=40\&md5=54369af569474ee0bfddfa5aeac3237a},
	author = {Santos-Ara{\'u}jo, C. and Roncon-Albuquerque Jr., R. and Moreira-Rodrigues, M. and Henriques-Coelho, T. and Quelhas-Santos, J. and Faria, B. and Sampaio-Maia, B. and Leite-Moreira, A.F. and Pestana, M.}
}
@article {3291,
	title = {Neonatal human dermal fibroblasts immobilized in RGD-alginate induce angiogenesis},
	journal = {Cell Transplantation},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {945 - 957},
	abstract = {Promoting angiogenesis in a damaged tissue is a major challenge for tissue regeneration. Recent findings in tissue engineering suggest that fibroblasts (FBs) play an important role in orchestrating the angiogenic process. Fibroblasts maintain the structural integrity of connective tissue by continuously secreting growth factors and extracellular matrix precursors, which are essential for endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and spreading, thus playing a crucial role in angiogenesis. We hypothesized that FBs immobilized in alginate gels grafted with the RGD peptidic sequence could influence the recruitment of ECs to improve vascularization. In this work, the modulation of immobilized human FBs within the 3D synthetic extracellular matrix was assessed. Experiments using cocultures of ECs and FBs in indirect contact as well as angiogenic assays were performed to assess the influence of FBs immobilized in RGD-alginate in ECs{\textquoteright} viability, stabilization, sprouting, and assembly into capillary-like structures. This study demonstrates the ability of FBs immobilized within RGD-alginate microspheres to modulate and support capillary-like structures{\textquoteright} assembly. These findings indicate that the microenvironment created by these stromal cells in the scaffold modulates capillary morphogenesis, thus stimulating angiogenesis in situ and can potentially be used in regenerative medicine in clinical scenarios where vascularization is essential. {\textcopyright} 2014 Cognizant Comm. Corp.},
	keywords = {Alginate, angiogenesis, Endothelial cells (ECs), Fibroblasts (FBs), RGD peptide: Injectable biomaterials},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905231059\&partnerID=40\&md5=8ca92aea469585cbf168cb6fbad9d3ad},
	author = {Guerreiro, S.G. and Oliveira, M.J. and Barbosa, M.A. and Soares, R. and Granja, P.L.}
}
@article {2851,
	title = {Nanotechnology and pulmonary delivery to overcome resistance in infectious diseases},
	journal = {Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {1816 - 1827},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84888198111\&partnerID=40\&md5=52e53a72fbb5f199ac2416a061eeb409},
	author = {Andrade, F. and Rafael, D. and Videira, M. and Ferreira, D. and Sosnik, A. and Sarmento, B.}
}
@article {2843,
	title = {Neuropeptide y modulates fracture healing through Y1 receptor signaling},
	journal = {Journal of Orthopaedic Research},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {1570 - 1578},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84882886747\&partnerID=40\&md5=dd7576a200a42ce37ff5a98115fe9462},
	author = {Sousa, D.M. and McDonald, M.M. and Mikulec, K. and Peacock, L. and Herzog, H. and Lamghari, M. and Little, D.G. and Baldock, P.A.}
}
@article {2858,
	title = {A novel bioactive peptide: Assessing its activity over murine neural stem cells and its potential for neural tissue engineering},
	journal = {New Biotechnology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {552 - 562},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84880140564\&partnerID=40\&md5=adea12f865d90c7203117fb40556b716},
	author = {Caprini, A. and Silva, D. and Zanoni, I. and Cunha, C. and Volont{\`e}, C. and Vescovi, A. and Gelain, F.}
}
@article {2886,
	title = {Novel resveratrol nanodelivery systems based on lipid nanoparticles to enhance its oral bioavailability},
	journal = {International Journal of Nanomedicine},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):3Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {177 - 187},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84872351206\&partnerID=40\&md5=fc5d64a3ada5d6918b225c107d60049e},
	author = {Neves, A.R. and L{\'u}cio, M. and Martins, S. and Lima, J.L.C. and Reis, S.}
}
@article {2204,
	title = {Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonism increases bone mass in mice},
	journal = {BoneBone},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BONEDdoi: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.03.020PubMed ID: 22484690Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Herzog, H.; Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; email: h.herzog@garvan.org.auChemicals/CAS: corticosterone, 50-22-6; glucose, 50-99-7, 84778-64-3; n2 diphenylacetyl n (4 ureidomethylbenzyl)argininamide, 191868-14-1, 217977-06-5; neuropeptide Y, 82785-45-3, 83589-17-7; Arginine, 74-79-3; BIBO 3304; Glucose, 50-99-7; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptorTradenames: bibo 3304References: Karaguzel, G., Holick, M.F., Diagnosis and treatment of osteopenia (2010) Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 11, pp. 237-251;Burge, R., Dawson-Hughes, B., Solomon, D.H., Wong, J.B., King, A., Tosteson, A., Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025 (2007) J Bone Miner Res, 22, pp. 465-475; 
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Lundberg, P., Allison, S.J., Lee, N.J., Baldock, P.A., Brouard, N., Rost, S., Greater bone formation of Y2 knockout mice is associated with increased osteoprogenitor numbers and altered Y1 receptor expression (2007) J Biol Chem, 282, pp. 19082-19091; 
Igwe, J.C., Jiang, X., Paic, F., Ma, L., Adams, D.J., Baldock, P.A., Neuropeptide Y is expressed by osteocytes and can inhibit osteoblastic activity (2009) J Cell Biochem, 108, pp. 621-630; 
Zhang, L., Bijker, M.S., Herzog, H., The neuropeptide Y system: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications in obesity and cancer (2011) Pharmacol Ther, 131, pp. 91-113; 
Yulyaningsih, E., Zhang, L., Herzog, H., Sainsbury, A., NPY receptors as potential targets for anti-obesity drug development (2011) Br J Pharmacol, 163, pp. 1170-1202; 
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Matsuda, H., Brumovsky, P.R., Kopp, J., Pedrazzini, T., Hokfelt, T., Distribution of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in rodent peripheral tissues (2002) J Comp Neurol, 449, pp. 390-404; 
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Burcelin, R., Brunner, H., Seydoux, J., Thorensa, B., Pedrazzini, T., Increased insulin concentrations and glucose storage in neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor-deficient mice (2001) Peptides, 22, pp. 421-427; 
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Amano, S., Arai, M., Goto, S., Togari, A., Inhibitory effect of NPY on isoprenaline-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cells (2007) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1770, pp. 966-973; 
Wheway, J., Mackay, C.R., Newton, R.A., Sainsbury, A., Boey, D., Herzog, H., A fundamental bimodal role for neuropeptide Y1 receptor in the immune system (2005) J Exp Med, 202, pp. 1527-1538; 
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Bedoui, S., Kawamura, N., Straub, R.H., Pabst, R., Yamamura, T., von H{\"o}rsten, S., Relevance of neuropeptide Y for the neuroimmune crosstalk (2003) J Neuroimmunol, 134, pp. 1-11; 
Allison, S.J., Baldock, P.A., Enriquez, R.F., Lin, E., During, M., Gardiner, E.M., Critical interplay between neuropeptide Y and sex steroid pathways in bone and adipose tissue homeostasis (2009) J Bone Miner Res, 24, pp. 294-304; 
Frolik, C.A., Black, E.C., Cain, R.L., Satterwhite, J.H., Brown-Augsburger, P.L., Sato, M., Anabolic and catabolic bone effects of human parathyroid hormone (1-34) are predicted by duration of hormone exposure (2003) Bone, 33, pp. 372-379; 
Vahle, J.L., Long, G.G., Sandusky, G., Westmore, M., Ma, Y.L., Sato, M., Bone neoplasms in F344 rats given teriparatide [rhPTH(1-34)] are dependent on duration of treatment and dose (2004) Toxicol Pathol, 32, pp. 426-438
},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {8 - 16},
	abstract = {The neuropeptide Y system has emerged as one of the major neural signalling pathways regulating bone homeostasis. Absence of Y1 receptor signalling from bone forming osteoblasts is responsible for an enhancement on bone mass in mice, suggesting that pharmacological blockade of Y1 receptors may offer a novel anabolic treatment option for improving bone mass. Here we show that oral administration of the selective Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 for 8. weeks dose-dependently increases bone mass in mice. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant 1.5-fold increase in cancellous bone volume in the femora of mice treated with BIBO3304. Furthermore, bone microarchitecture was improved, with greater trabecular number and trabecular thickness. This increase in bone mass was associated with a significant increase in bone anabolic activity of osteoblasts and, interestingly, was evident despite a coincident increase in bone resorption, as evidenced by an increase in the number of the osteolytic osteoclasts. Changes were also evident in cortical bone, with a significant increase in periosteal mineral apposition rate. Importantly, no adverse extra-skeletal side effects were observed through Y1 receptor antagonism over the 8-week treatment period, with no effects of even the higher BIBO3304 dose on body weight, adiposity, energy metabolism or circulating corticosterone levels. Taken together, this work describes the first NPY-based anabolic treatment for improving bone mass, and highlights the therapeutic potential of blocking Y1 receptor signalling for the prevention of, or recovery from, degenerative skeletal diseases. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier Inc.},
	keywords = {animal experiment, animal tissue, Animals, Arginine, article, body weight, Bone Density, bone mass, bone metabolism, bone strength, cancellous bone, controlled study, cortical bone, corticosterone, corticosterone blood level, dose response, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, drug effect, drug mechanism, drug megadose, energy metabolism, femur, food intake, glucose, glucose homeostasis, Homeostasis, male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, morphometrics, mouse, n2 diphenylacetyl n (4 ureidomethylbenzyl)argininamide, neuropeptide Y, Neuropeptide yY, nonhuman, obesity, Oral drug administration, osteoblast, osteoclast activity, Osteogenesis, osteolysis, Osteopenia, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y, signal transduction, trabecular bone, Y1 receptor antagonism},
	isbn = {87563282 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84859915620\&partnerID=40\&md5=29596d34bad3cbf751d1cbfadb63abb9},
	author = {Sousa, D.M. and Baldock, P.A. and Enriquez, R.F. and Zhang, L. and Sainsbury, A. and Lamghari, M. and Herzog, H.}
}
@article {2196,
	title = {A novel nanoparticle delivery system for in vivo targeting of the sciatic nerve: Impact on regeneration},
	journal = {NanomedicineNanomedicine},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.2217/nnm.11.188Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Saraiva, M.J.; Unidade de Neurobiologia Molecular, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: mjsaraiv@ibmc.up.ptReferences: Rodriguez, F.J., Valero-Cabre, A., Navarro, X., Regeneration and functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury (2004) Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models, 1 (2), pp. 177-185. , DOI 10.1016/j.ddmod.2004.09.008;Apfel, S.C., Neurotrophic factors in peripheral neuropathies: Therapeutic implications (1999) Brain Pathology, 9 (2), pp. 393-413; 
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},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {1167 - 1180},
	abstract = {Aim: Innovative solutions in the development of drug delivery systems targeting the nerve tissue are awaited. In this regard, a novel system for the delivery of drugs to the sciatic nerve was created using nanomedical principles. Materials \& methods: Chitosan was the vehicle material used in the experiment. Heparin bound to growth factors has been administered to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, and since heparin possesses the appropriate charge to be able to form nanoparticles with chitosan, it appears to be a good candidate to base this new delivery system on. Results: Maximal absorption took place throughout the extracellular matrix at day 15. No major inflammatory response was observed, indicating that this is a safe and biocompatible system for drug delivery to nerves. Sensorimotor performance and nerve regeneration of mice receiving these nanoparticles were superior as compared with controls. Conclusion: Our work demonstrates a versatile nanoparticle delivery system that successfully targets drugs {\textquoteright}in vivo to the sciatic nerve, opening novel avenues in the field of nanomedicine to the design of therapeutic strategies that enhance axonal regeneration. {\textcopyright} 2012 Future Medicine Ltd.},
	keywords = {chitosan, drug delivery system, heparin, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, peripheral nerve regeneration, sciatic nerve},
	isbn = {17435889 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84868111412\&partnerID=40\&md5=5db0c76b3a921ca70565c9f3f63cf004},
	author = {Gon{\c c}alves, N.P. and Oliveira, H. and P{\^e}go, A.P. and Saraiva, M.J.}
}
@book {2217,
	title = {New results on minimum error entropy decision trees},
	series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.},
	volume = {7042 LNCS},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Conference code: 87418Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1007/978-3-642-25085-9_42Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: De S{\'a}, J.P.M.; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, FEUP, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: jmsa@fe.up.ptReferences: Rokach, L., Maimon, O., Decision Trees (2005) Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook, , Maimon, O., Rokach, L. (eds.) Springer, Heidelberg;Marques De S{\'a}, J.P., Sebasti{\~a}o, R., Gama, J., Tree Classifiers Based on Minimum Error Entropy Decisions (2011) Can. J. Artif. Intell., Patt. Rec. and Mach. Learning, , in press; 
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Sponsors: Universidad de La Frontera (UFRO); The International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR); Asociacon Chilena de Reconocimiento de Patrones (AChiRP); Asociacion Cubana de Reconocimiento de Patrones (ACPR); Mex. Assoc. Comput. Vis., Neural Comput. Rob. (MACVNR)},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {355 - 362},
	address = {Pucon},
	abstract = {We present new results on the performance of Minimum Error Entropy (MEE) decision trees, which use a novel node split criterion. The results were obtained in a comparive study with popular alternative algorithms, on 42 real world datasets. Carefull validation and statistical methods were used. The evidence gathered from this body of results show that the error performance of MEE trees compares well with alternative algorithms. An important aspect to emphasize is that MEE trees generalize better on average without sacrifing error performance. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer-Verlag.},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Alternative algorithms, Computer vision, Decision Theory, decision trees, entropy, entropy-of-error, Error entropy, Error performance, Forestry, New results, node split criteria, Real-world datasets, Vision},
	isbn = {03029743 (ISSN); 9783642250842 (ISBN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-81855161442\&partnerID=40\&md5=0d71ee4459a1a6a01536cfec0ff05664},
	author = {De S{\'a}, J.P.M. and Sebasti{\~a}o, R. and Gama, J. and Fontes, T.}
}
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},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {46 - 57},
	abstract = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from several tissues in the body, have the ability to selfrenewal, show immune suppressive properties and are multipotent, being able to generate various cell types. At present, due to their intrinsic characteristics, MSCs are considered very promising in the area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this context, genetic modification can be a powerful tool to control the behavior and fate of these cells and be used in the design of new cellular therapies. Viral systems are very effective in the introduction of exogenous genes inside MSCs. However, the risks associated with their use are leading to an increasing search for non-viral approaches to attain the same purpose, even if MSCs have been shown to be more difficult to transfect in this way. In the past few years, progress was made in the development of chemical and physical methods for non-viral gene delivery. Herein, an overview of the application of those methods specifically to MSCs is given and their use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapeutic strategies highlighted using the example of bone tissue. Key issues and future directions in non-viral gene delivery to MSCs are also critically addressed. {\textcopyright} 2011 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.},
	keywords = {Animals, article, artificial chromosome, Bone and Bones, Bone Regeneration, bone tissue, Bone tissue engineering, cell based gene therapy, dendrimer, ex vivo gene transfer, Gene delivery, gene targeting, Gene therapy, Gene Transfer Techniques, gene vector, genetic transfection, human, Humans, in vivo gene transfer, liposome, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, nanomedicine, nanoparticle, Non-viral vectors, nonhuman, nonviral gene delivery system, polymer, protein expression, Regeneration, Regenerative Medicine, Tissue engineering, Tissue regeneration},
	isbn = {15665232 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79951686783\&partnerID=40\&md5=c9cc095fac56b04808553b19fd1f5f48},
	author = {Santos, J.L. and Pandita, D. and Rodrigues, J. and P{\^e}go, A.P. and Granja, P.L. and Tom{\'a}s, H.}
}
@article {2216,
	title = {Novel TiN                    x-based biosignal electrodes for electroencephalography
},
	journal = {Measurement Science and TechnologyMeas. Sci. Technol.},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 1Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusArt. No.: 124007CODEN: MSTCEdoi: 10.1088/0957-0233/22/12/124007Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Fiedler, P.; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 2, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; email: patrique.fiedler@tu-ilmenau.deReferences: Teplan, M., Fundamentals of EEG measurement (2002) Meas. Sci. Rev., 2, p. 2. , 1-11;Fonseca, C., Silva Cunha, J.P., Martins, R.E., Ferreira, V.M., Marques De Sa, J.P., Barbosa, M.A., Martins Da Silva, A., A novel dry active electrode for EEG recording (2007) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 54 (1), pp. 162-165. , DOI 10.1109/TBME.2006.884649, 23; 
Cunha, L.T., Pedrosa, P., Tavares, C.J., Alves, E., Vaz, F., Fonseca, C., The role of composition, morphology and crystalline structure in the electrochemical behaviour of TiN x thin films for dry electrode sensor materials (2009) Electrochim. Acta, 55 (1), pp. 59-67; 
Dias, N.S., Carmo, A., Ferreira Da Silva, A., Mendes, P.M., Correia, J.H., New dry electrodes based on iridium oxide (IrO) for non-invasive biopotential recordings and stimulation (2010) Sensors Actuators, 164 (1-2), pp. 28-34; 
Green, R.A., Baek, S., Poole-Warren, L.A., Martens, P.J., Conducting polymer-hydrogels for medical electrode applications (2010) Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 11 (1), p. 014107; 
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Von, E.N., Spinelli, E., Muravchik, C.H., Capacitive electrodes in electroencephalography (2006) Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., 1, pp. 1126-1129; 
Kingsley, S.A., Sriram, S., Pollick, A., Marsh, J., Photrode optical sensor for electrophysiological monitoring (2003) Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 74, pp. 1215-1216; 
Fernandes, M.S., Dias, N.S., Silva, A.F., Nunes, J.S., Lanceros-Mendez, S., Correia, J.H., Mendes, P.M., Hydrogel-based photonic sensor for a biopotential wearable recording system (2010) Biosens. Bioelectron., 26 (1), pp. 80-86; 
Searle, A., Kirkup, L., A direct comparison of wet, dry and insulating bioelectric recording electrodes (2000) Physiological Measurement, 21 (2), pp. 271-283. , DOI 10.1088/0967-3334/21/2/307, PII S0967333400090511; 
Merletti, R., The electrode-skin interface and optimal detection of bioelectric signals (2010) Physiol. Meas., 31; 
Piscanec, S., Ciacchi, L.C., Vesselli, E., Comelli, G., Sbaizero, O., Meriani, S., De Vita, A., Bioactivity of TiN-coated titanium implants (2004) Acta Mater., 52 (5), pp. 1237-1245; 
Vaz, F., Ferreira, J., Ribeiro, E., Rebouta, L., Lanceros-Mendez, S., Mendes, J.A., Alves, E., De Rijk, J., Influence of nitrogen content on the structural, mechanical and electrical properties of TiN thin films (2005) Surface and Coatings Technology, 191 (2-3), pp. 317-323. , DOI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.01.033, PII S025789720400060X; 
Vaz, F., Machado, P., Rebouta, L., Cerqueira, P., Goudeau, Ph., Riviere, J.P., Alves, E., De Rijk, J., Mechanical characterization of reactively magnetron-sputtered TiN films (2003) Surface and Coatings Technology, 174-175, pp. 375-382. , DOI 10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00711-4; 
Klem, G.H., L{\"u}ders, H.O., Jasper, H.H., Elger, C., The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (1999) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl., 52, pp. 3-6; 
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},
	month = {2011///},
	abstract = {A composition, structural, morphological and electrochemical study of two titanium nitride (TiN                        x) thin films, sample A and sample B, obtained by dc reactive sputtering on titanium substrates was carried out in this paper. In order to assess their applicability to be used as dry electrodes, several EEG signal acquisition tests were performed using the TiN
                        x electrodes and compared to signals acquired with conventional silver/silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. The two films displayed some compositional differences, as sample B was over-stoichiometric (x = 1.34, x = N/Ti atomic ratio) and sample A was close-stoichiometric (x = 0.94). XRD diffractograms showed that both samples developed a similar fcc crystalline structure (δ-TiN phase). XRD peak fitting showed that sample B (over-stoichiometric) has a more oriented structure (highly [1 1 1] textured), with larger grains. A columnar-type structure with pyramid-like shape at column{\textquoteright}s top was common to both TiN 
                        x films. This morphology, in addition to some columnar disaggregation, gives rise to a rather rough surface and porous structure. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results in artificial sweat showed that the electric properties of the samples remain unchanged, even after prolonged contact with sweat. The comparison of EEG signals, simultaneously recorded using the novel TiN
                        x electrodes and conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes, showed very similar results. The root mean square deviation, which was computed for different electrode-electrolyte combinations and signal sequences of 5 s, was in the range of 4.5-9.4 νV and 6.7-20.4 νV for samples A and B, respectively. An additional test with two sets of Ag/AgCl electrodes revealed similar results, thus indicating most of the signal differences are related to the spatial distance of the compared electrodes as well as environmental noise. Therefore, our results lead to the conclusion that the novel TiN
                        x electrodes show promising signal quality for application in EEG biosignal measurements. {\textcopyright} 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.
},
	keywords = {bioelectric, biomedical electrodes, Chlorine compounds, dc magnetron sputtering, Electric properties, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Electrochemical properties, Electrodes, electroencephalography, Electrophysiology, Signal processing, signals, Surface structure, Thin films, Tinning, Titanium, Titanium nitride, titanium nitride thin films},
	isbn = {09570233 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-81555220994\&partnerID=40\&md5=477ac3097f66e1610ed5147be18c5c77},
	author = {Fiedler, P. and Cunha, L.T. and Pedrosa, P. and Brodkorb, S. and Fonseca, C. and Vaz, F. and Haueisen, J.}
}
@conference {2218,
	title = {Novel Ti/TiN dry electrodes and Ag/AgCl: A direct comparison in multichannel EEG},
	booktitle = {IFMBE ProceedingsIFMBE Proc.},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1007/978-3-642-23508-5_263Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Fiedler, P.; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Gustav-Kirchhoff Str. 2, Ilmenau, Germany; email: patrique.fiedler@tu-ilmenau.deReferences: Sander, T.H., Kn{\"o}sche, T.R., Schl{\"u}gl, A., Recent advances in modeling and analysis of bioelectric and biomagnetic sources (2010) Biomed Tech, 55, pp. 65-76;Searle, A., Kirkup, L., A direct comparison of wet, dry and insulating bioelectric recording electrodes (2000) Physiol Meas, 21, pp. 271-283; 
Tallgren, P., Vanhatalo, S., Kaila, K., Evaluation of commercially available electrodes and gels for recording of slow EEG potentials (2005) Clin Neurophysiol, 116, pp. 799-806; 
Greischar, L.L., Burghy, C.A., Van Reekum, C.M., Effects of electrode density and electrolyte spreading in dense array electroencephalographic recording (2004) Clin Neurophysiol, 115, pp. 710-720; 
Merletti, R., The electrode-skin interface and optimal detection of bioelectric signals (2010) Physiol Meas, 31, pp. 154-156; 
Fernandes, M.S., Dias, N.S., Silva, A.F., Hydrogel-based photonic sensor for a biopotential wearable recording system (2010) Biosens Bioelectron, 26, pp. 80-86; 
Cunha, L.T., Pedrosa, P., Tavares, C.J., The role of composition, morphology and crystalline structure in the electrochemical behaviour of TiNx thin films for dry electrode sensor materials (2009) Electrochim Acta, 55, pp. 59-67; 
Piscanec, S., Ciacchi, L.C., Vesselli, E., Bioactivity of TiN-coated titanium implants (2004) Acta Mater, 52, pp. 1237-1245; 
Vaz, F., Ferreira, J., Ribeiro, E., Influence of nitrogen content on the structural, mechanical and electrical properties of TiN thin films (2005) Surf Coat Tech, 191, pp. 317-323; 
Odom, J.V., Bach, M., Barber, C., Visual evoked potentials standard (2004) (2004) Doc Ophthalmol, 108, pp. 115-123; 
Malik, H.I., Mgaloblishvili, R., Mills, B., Effect of TiN coating thickness on performance of HSS cutting tools when machining free cutting steels (2004) J Mat Sci Lett, 19, pp. 1779-1781
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {1011 - 1014},
	abstract = {With up to 256 silver/silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes, research using multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) is nowadays characterized by an increasing number of electrodes. Hence, the preparation gets more and more time-consuming and error-prone. We propose a novel electrode concept based on titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN) electrodes integrated into a novel EEG cap based on fluidicdriven mechanisms. We describe the construction of our electrodes and perform EEG measurements in order to evaluate them in a multichannel setup. Therefore an additional set of conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes was integrated into the Ti/TiN EEG cap, enabling simultaneous recordings with both types of electrodes. In our tests, which included spontaneous EEG like resting state EEG, eye movements, alpha activity, and pattern reversal VEP, we found no considerable differences between compared adjacent electrodes. For the pattern reversal VEP, we found similar potential maps with both types of electrodes. In conclusion, our novel Ti/TiN electrodes have the potential to replace the conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
	keywords = {Ag/AgCl, Alpha activities, Biomedical Electrode, biomedical electrodes, Chlorine compounds, Concept-based, Dry electrode, EEG Cap, Electric Potential, Electrodes, electroencephalography, Electrophysiology, Error prones, Eye movements, Multi-channel, Multichannel EEG, Nitrides, Potential map, Resting state, Silicone Fluidic- Driven Mechanism, Silicones, Simultaneous recording},
	isbn = {16800737 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80455140495\&partnerID=40\&md5=df0015d2c45b9723f647eb3db91f092a},
	author = {Fiedler, P. and Griebel, S. and Fonseca, C. and Vaz, F. and Zentner, L. and Zanow, F. and Haueisen, J.}
}
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Marques, F., Sousa, J.C., Oliveira, P., Oliveira, H.C., Palha, J.A., The absence of transthyretin does not impair regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism (2007) Horm Metab Res, 39, pp. 529-533
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {3664 - 3674},
	abstract = {Accumulating evidence has contributed to a novel view in bone biology: bone remodeling, specifically osteoblast differentiation, is under the tight control of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Among other players in this neuro-osteogenic network, the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has attracted particular attention. At the central nervous system level, NPY exerts its function in bone homeostasis through the hypothalamic Y2 receptor. Locally in the bone, NPY action is mediated by its Y1 receptor. Besides the presence of Y1, a complex network exists locally: not only there is input of the peripheral nervous system, as the bone is directly innervated by NPY-containing fibers, but there is also input from non-neuronal cells, including bone cells capable of NPY expression. The interaction of these distinct players to achieve a multilevel control system of bone homeostasis is still under debate. In this review, we will integrate the current knowledge on the impact of the NPY system in bone biology, and discuss the mechanisms through which the balance between central and the peripheral NPY action might be achieved. {\textcopyright} 2010 FEBS.},
	keywords = {Animals, Bone and Bones, bone cell, bone innervation, bone mass, cell differentiation, Homeostasis, Humans, immunoreactivity, leptin, Nerve Net, neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide Y receptor, neuropeptide Y2 receptor, nonhuman, NPY, NPY receptors, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, phenotype, priority journal, protein expression, protein interaction, Protein Isoforms, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y, review},
	isbn = {1742464X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956337408\&partnerID=40\&md5=2d7cd3f7e81e95ea895958fff6902b28},
	author = {Franquinho, F. and Liz, M.A. and Nunes, A.F. and Neto, E. and Lamghari, M. and Sousa, M.M.}
}
@article {2289,
	title = {Neuropeptide y expression and function during osteoblast differentiation - Insights from transthyretin knockout mice},
	journal = {FEBS JournalFEBS J.},
	volume = {277},
	year = {2010},
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Teixeira, L., Sousa, D.M., Nunes, A.F., Sousa, M.M., Herzog, H., Lamghari, M., NPY revealed as a critical modulator of osteoblast function in vitro: New insights into the role of Y1 and Y2 receptors (2009) J Cell Biochem, 107, pp. 908-916; 
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},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {263 - 275},
	abstract = {To better understand the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in bone homeostasis, as its function in the regulation of bone mass is unclear, we assessed its expression in this tissue. By immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated, both at embryonic stages and in the adult, that NPY is synthesized by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Moreover, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase, the enzyme responsible for NPY activation by amidation, was also expressed in these cell types. Using transthyretin (TTR) KO mice as a model of augmented NPY levels, we showed that this strain has increased NPY content in the bone, further validating the expression of this neuropeptide by bone cells. Moreover, the higher amidated neuropeptide levels in TTR KO mice were related to increased bone mineral density and trabecular volume. Additionally, RT-PCR analysis established that NPY is not only expressed in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), but is also detectable by RIA in BMSCs undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. In agreement with our in vivo observations, in vitro, TTR KO BMSCs differentiated in osteoblasts had increased NPY levels and exhibited enhanced competence in undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of the role of NPY in the regulation of bone formation by showing that this neuropeptide is expressed in bone cells and that increased amidated neuropeptide content is related to increased bone mass. {\textcopyright} 2009 FEBS.},
	keywords = {3T3 Cells, alpha amidating enzyme, Amidated neuropeptide, amidation, Amides, animal cell, animal tissue, Animals, article, Base Sequence, Bone Density, bone development, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone marrow stromal cells, bone mass, cartilage cell, cell differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Chondrocytes, controlled study, developmental stage, DNA Primers, embryo, embryo development, Homeostasis, immunohistochemistry, male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, mouse, Mus, neuropeptide Y, nonhuman, NPY, ossification, osteoblast, Osteoblastic differentiation, Osteoblasts, osteocyte, Osteocytes, peptide synthesis, prealbumin, priority journal, protein expression, protein function, radioimmunoassay, regulatory mechanism, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA, Messenger, stroma cell, Stromal Cells, trabecular bone},
	isbn = {1742464X (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-73649127668\&partnerID=40\&md5=c25c87a8e1206fc9d2b878f9611581dd},
	author = {Nunes, A.F. and Liz, M.A. and Franquinho, F. and Teixeira, L. and Sousa, V. and Chenu, C. and Lamghari, M. and Sousa, M.M.}
}
@conference {2251,
	title = {Novel TiN-based dry EEG electrodes: Influence of electrode shape and number on contact impedance and signal quality},
	booktitle = {IFMBE ProceedingsIFMBE Proc.},
	series = {12th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, MEDICON 2010},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Conference code: 81753Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1007/978-3-642-13039-7_105Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Fiedler, P.; Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Gustav-Kirchhoff Str. 2, Ilmenau, Germany; email: patrique.fiedler@tu-ilmenau.deReferences: Taheri, B.A., Knight, R.T., Smith, R.L., A dry electrode for EEG recording (1994) Electroen Clin Neuro, 90, pp. 376-383;Searle, A., Kirkup, L., A direct comparison of wet, dry and insulating bioelectric recording electrodes (2000) Physiol Meas, 21, pp. 271-283; 
Ng, W.C., Seet, H.L., Lee, K.S., Micro-spike EEG electrode and vacuum-casting technology for mass production (2009) J Mater Process Tech, 209, pp. 4434-4438; 
Vaz, F., Ferreira, J., Ribeiro, E., Influence of nitrogen content on the structural, mechanical and electrical properties of TiN thin films (2005) Surf Coat Tech, 191, pp. 317-323; 
Cunha, L.T., Pedrosa, P., Tavares, C.J., The role of composition, morphology and crystalline structure in the electrochemical behavior of TiNx thin films for dry electrode sensor materials (2009) Electro-Chim Acta, 55, pp. 59-67; 
Jasper, H.H., The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation (1958) Electroen Clin Neuro, 10, pp. 371-375; 
Haueisen, J., Leistritz, L., S{\"u}sse, T., Identifying mutual information transfer in the brain with diffenential-algebraic modeling: Evidence for fast oscillatory coupling between cortical somatosensory areas 3b and 1 (2007) NeuroImage, 37, pp. 130-136; 
Graichen, U., Witte, H., Haueisen, J., Analysis of induced components in electroencephalograms using a multiple correlation method (2009) BioMed Eng OnLine, 8, p. 21
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {418 - 421},
	address = {Chalkidiki},
	abstract = {Usability of conventional wet electrodes for electroencephalography (EEG) is depending on a set of requirements, including time consuming and complex preparation of the skin of a subject, thus limiting possible application. A new class of "dry" electrodes without the need for electrolyte gels or pastes is being investigated. The dry application scenario of these novel electrodes requires a stable and reliable contact with the subject{\textquoteright}s skin. In order to develop an electrode shape with large contact surface for low electrode-skin impedance while also ensuring a sufficient hair layer penetration, several studies were performed. In this paper a distinct titanium electrode substrate shape for titanium nitride (TiN) coated electrodes was analyzed regarding influences of the number of interconnected electrodes and contact surface on electrodeskin impedance and biosignal quality. As a result 10 interconnected TiN pins had the lowest impedance values of 14 to 55 kΩ (depending on signal frequency) in comparison to 2 to 44 kΩ using conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes. Also the mean average deviation (MAD) of 5 seconds long EEG episodes were computed. The lowest MADs of 2.00 to 2.25 μV were determined using three interconnected TiN pins. In comparison to MADs of 2.13 to 2.54 μV, using a second set of Ag/AgCl electrodes, this leads to the conclusion that most of the error was related to spatial distance. This first step in optimization of electrode shape for dry TiN based electrodes showed very promising results and enable their use for EEG acquisition. {\textcopyright} 2010 International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering.},
	keywords = {Ag/AgCl, Application scenario, Average deviation, Biochemical engineering, Bioelectric phenomena, bioelectric signals, biomedical electrodes, Biosignals, Coated electrodes, Coated wire electrodes, Contact impedance, Contact surface, electrochemical characterization, Electrochemical characterizations, Electrode shape, Electrode-skin impedance, Electrodes, electroencephalography, Electrophysiology, Medical computing, Signal frequencies, Signal quality, Spatial distance, Titanium, Titanium electrodes, Titanium nitride},
	isbn = {16800737 (ISSN); 9783642130380 (ISBN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957573144\&partnerID=40\&md5=faee85fb614e1ce7ac4960fb98e1b8e1},
	author = {Fiedler, P. and Brodkorb, S. and Fonseca, C. and Vaz, F. and Zanow, F. and Haueisen, J.}
}
@article {2293,
	title = {Neural cell growth on TiO                    2 anatase nanostructured surfaces
},
	journal = {Thin Solid FilmsThin Solid Films},
	volume = {518},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 9Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: THSFAdoi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.06.048Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Casa{\~n}-Pastor, N.; Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus la Universidad Autonoma Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; email: nieves@icmab.esReferences: Suzuki, R., Frangos, J.{\'A}., (2000) Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 372, p. 280;Suzuki, R., Muyco, J., McKittrick, J., Frangos, J.A., (2003) J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 66, p. 396; 
Ulbrich, M.H., Fromherz, P., (2005) Appl. Phys. A., 81, p. 887; 
Topoglidis, E., Lutz, T., Willis, R.L., Barnett, C.J., Cass, A.E., Durrant, J.R., (2000) Faraday Discuss., 116, p. 35; 
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Dinh, N.N., Oan, N.T., Long, P.D., Bernard, M.N., Hugot-Le Goffb, A., (2003) Thin Solid Films, 423, p. 70; 
(2001) Titanium in Medicine, , Brunette D.M., Tengvall P., Textor M., and Thomsen P. (Eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 
Textor, M., Sittig, C., Frauchiger, V., Tosatti, S., Brunette, D.M., (2001) Titanium in Medicine, 171. , Brunette D.M., Tengvall P., Textor M., and Thomsen P. (Eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 
Contreras, R., Sahlin, H., Frangos, J.{\'A}., (2007) J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 80, p. 480; 
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Diebold, U., (2003) Surf. Sci. Rep., 48, p. 53; 
Jeong, B.S., Norton, D.P., Budai, J.D., (2003) Solid-State Electron., 47, p. 2275; 
Moulton, S.E., Barisci, J.N., Bath, A., Stella, R., Wallace, G.C., (2005) Langmuir, 21, p. 316; 
Jackson, D.R., Omanovic, S., Roscoe, S.G., (2005) Langmuir, 16, p. 5449; 
Subramanian, V., Karki, A., Gnanasekar, K.I., Eddy, FP., Rambabu, B., (2006) J. Power Sources, 159, p. 186; 
Carballo-Vila, M., Moreno-Burriel, B., Jurado, J.R., Chinarro, E., Casa{\~n}-Pastor, N., Collazos-Castro, J.E., (2009) J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 90, p. 94; 
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Onur, M.A., Ta{\c s}, Z., G{\"u}rpnar, A., {\c S}ahin, A., {\c C}ehreli, M.C., (2004) Clin. Oral Implants Res., 15, p. 513; 
Lopez, T., Ortiz-Islas, E., Manjarrez, J., Rodr{\'\i}guez-Reinoso, F., Sep{\'u}lveda, A., Gonzalez, R.D., (2006) Opt. Mater., 29, p. 70
},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {160 - 170},
	abstract = {Titanium oxides have anti-inflammatory activity and tunable electrochemical properties that make them attractive materials for biomedical applications. This work investigated the compatibility of nanometric coatings of low-temperature phases of TiO                        2 with neurons in 4-day and 10-day cultures, using different cell densities to quantify cell survival and neurite extension. TiO
                        2 films were prepared by sol-gel and thermal treatment (250-450~{\textdegree}C) of hydrolyzed titanium tetra-isopropoxide on electrically conducting or insulating slides. The conducting substrates were not passivated by the nanometric oxide layer and could be used as electrodes. Characterization of the films showed nano-structured TiO
                        2 containing exclusively Ti
                        +4 valence in anatase and amorphous phases. When coated with polylysine, all films permitted good neuron attachment and survival for at least ten days in culture. However, they generally reduced neurite growth compared to cell culture borosilicate glass, with dendrites more affected than axons. The analyses of surface topography, hydrophilicity, charge and chemical composition revealed that TiO
                        2 chemistry was the main factor responsible for neurite inhibition. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
},
	keywords = {Amorphous phasis, Anatase, Anti-inflammatory activity, Biomedical applications, Borosilicate glass, Cell culture, cell density, Cell membranes, cell survival, Chemical compositions, Coatings, Conducting substrates, Conductive films, Electrochemical properties, Gelation, Growth kinetics, Heat treatment, Iso-propoxide, Low temperature phasis, Nano-structured, Nanometrics, Nanostructured surface, Nanostructures, Neural cell, Neural cells, Neurite extension, Neurite growth, Neurites, Neurons, Oxide layer, polylysine, Surface topography, Thermal treatment, TiO, Titanium, Titanium dioxide, Titanium oxide, Titanium oxides},
	isbn = {00406090 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-69649101935\&partnerID=40\&md5=08dd6874d6b2e9bbe7310add08057bc7},
	author = {Collazos-Castro, J.E. and Cruz, A.M. and Carballo-Vila, M. and Lira-Cant{\'u}, M. and Abad, L. and del Pino, {\'A}.P. and Fraxedas, J. and San Juan, A. and Fonseca, C. and P{\^e}go, A.P. and Casa{\~n}-Pastor, N.}
}
@conference {2292,
	title = {A new method for the detection of singular points in fingerprint images},
	booktitle = {2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV 2009Workshop Appl. Comput. Vis., WACV},
	series = {2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV 2009},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Conference code: 79821Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusArt. No.: 5403106doi: 10.1109/WACV.2009.5403106Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Magalh{\~a}es, F.; INESC, Porto, Portugal; email: filipe.magalhaes@inescporto.ptReferences: Drets, G.A., Liljenstr{\"o}m, H.G., (1999) Intelligent Biometric Techniques in Fingerprint and Face Recognition, , CRC Press, New York;Hong, L., Wan, Y., Fingerprint image enhancement: Algorithm and performance evaluation (1998) IEEE Transactions On, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20 (8), pp. 777-789; 
Jain, A., Hong, L., Bolle, R., On-line fingerprint verification (1997) IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 19 (4), pp. 302-314; 
Jinwei, G., Jie, Z., A novel model for orientation field of fingerprints (2003) Proceedings IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2, pp. II493-II498; 
Kara, K., Jain, A.K., Fingerprint classification (1996) Pattern Recognition, 29 (3), pp. 389-404; 
Kass, M., Witkin, A., Analyzing oriented patterns (1987) Cornput. Vision Graph. Image Process, 37 (3), pp. 362-385. , 27996; 
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Maio, D., Maltoni, D., Cappelli, R., Wayman, J.L., Jain, A.K., FVC2002: Second fingerprint verification competition (2002) Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 16 (3), pp. 811-814; 
Maio, D., Maltoni, D., Cappelli, R., Wayman, J.L., Jain, A.K., Fvc2004: Third fingerprint verification competition (2004) Proceedings International Conference on Biometric Authentication (ICBA), pp. 1-7. , Hong Kong; 
Pankanti, S., Prabhakar, S., Jain, A.K., On the individuality of fingerprints (2002) IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24 (8), pp. 1010-1025; 
Sherlock, B.G., Monro, D.M., A model for interpreting fingerprint topology (1993) Pattern Recognition, 26 (7), pp. 1047-1055; 
Srinivasan, V.S., Murthy, N.N., Detection of singular points in fingerprint images (1992) Pattern Recognition, 25 (2), pp. 139-153; 
Zhou, J., Chen, F., Gu, J., A novel algorithm for detecting singular points from fingerprint images (2009) IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 31 (7), pp. 1239-1250
},
	month = {2009///},
	address = {Snowbird, UT},
	abstract = {Automatic biometric identification based on fingerprints is still one of the most reliable identification method in criminal and forensic applications. A critical step in fingerprint analysis without human intervention is to automatically and reliably extract singular points from the input fingerprint images. These singular points (cores and deltas) not only represent the characteristics of local ridge patterns but also determine the topological structure (i.e., fingerprint type) and largely influence the orientation field. Poincar{\'e} Index-based methods are one of the most common for singular points detection. However, these methods usually result in many spurious detections. Therefore, we propose an enhanced version of the method presented by Zhou et al. [13] that introduced a feature called DORIC to improve the detection. Our principal contribution lies in the adoption of a smoothed orientation field and in the formulation of a new algorithm to analyze the DORIC feature. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is accurate and robust, giving better results than the best reported results so far, with improvements in the range of 5\% to 7\%. {\textcopyright} 2009 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Biometric identifications, Biometrics, Computer applications, Computer vision, Critical steps, Fingerprint analysis, Fingerprint images, Forensic applications, Human intervention, Identification method, Orientation fields, Poincare, Ridge patterns, Singular points, Structural optimization, Technical presentations, Topological structure},
	isbn = {9781424454976 (ISBN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77951158127\&partnerID=40\&md5=718a6649dbc13fcb895f23ffff1363d4},
	author = {Magalh{\~a}es, F. and Oliveira, H.P. and Campilho, A.C.}
}
@article {2303,
	title = {NPY revealed as a critical modulator of osteoblast function in vitro: New insights into the role of Y1 and Y2 receptors},
	journal = {Journal of Cellular BiochemistryJ. Cell. Biochem.},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 12Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JCEBDdoi: 10.1002/jcb.22194PubMed ID: 19459152Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Lamghari, M.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica (INEB), Divis{\~a}o de Biomateriais, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: lamghari@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: calcium, 14092-94-5, 7440-70-2; osteoclast differentiation factor, 200145-93-3; osteoprotegerin, 205944-50-9; Alkaline Phosphatase, 3.1.3.1; Neuropeptide Y; Osteoprotegerin; RANK Ligand; Receptors, Neuropeptide YReferences: Ahmed, M., Srinivasan, G.R., Theodorsson, E., Bjurholm, A., Kreicbergs, A., Extraction and quantitation of neuropeptides in bone by radioimmunoassay (1994) Regul Pept, 51, pp. 179-188;Allison, S.J., Herzog, H., NPY and bone (2006) EXS, 95, pp. 171-182; 
Allison, S.J., Baldock, P., Sainsbury, A., Enriquez, R., Lee, N.J., Lin, E.J., Klugman, M., Gardiner, E.M., Conditional deletion of hypothalamic Y2 receptors reverts gonadectomy-induced bone loss in adult mice (2006) J Biol Chem, 281, pp. 23436-23444; 
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Lundberg, P., Bostr{\"o}m, I., Mukohyama, H., Bjurholm, A., Smans, K., Lerner, U.H., Neuro-hormonal control of bone metabolism: Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA expression in mouse calvarial osteoblasts as well as calcium accumulation mineralized bone nodules (1999) Regul Pept, 85, pp. 47-58; 
Lundberg, P., Allison, S.J., Lee, N.J., Baldock, P.A., Brouard, N., Rost, S., Enriquez, R.F., Herzog, H., Greater bone formation of Y2 knockout mice is associated with increased osteoprogenitor numbers and altered Y1 receptor expression (2007) J Biol Chem, 282, pp. 19082-19091; 
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Movafagh, S., Hobson, J.P., Spiegel, S., Kleinman, H.K., Zukowska, Z., Neuropeptide Y induces migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells bimodallyvia Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors (2006) FASEB J, 20, pp. 1327-1337; 
Sainsbury, A., Baldock, P.A., Schwarzer, C., Ueno, N., Enriquez, R.F., Couzens, M., Inui, A., Gardiner, E.M., Synergistic effects of Y2 and Y4 receptors on adiposity and bone mass revealed in double knockout mice (2003) Mol Cell Biol, 23, pp. 5225-5233; 
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},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {908 - 916},
	abstract = {Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has recently emerged as a potential regulator of bone homeostasis. However, the relevance of NPY{\textquoteright}s role in osteoblast activity and the biological functions involving NPY receptors in bone homeostasis remain to be clarified. Here we report that chronically elevated NPY levels leaded to a modulation of the level of Y2 receptor expression marked with a transient down and upregulation according to the stage of osteoblast differentiation. We also show that NPY is a negative regulator of Y1 receptor expression. The pharmalogical activation of Y2 receptor with its agonist resulted in similar effect. Functional analysis also revealed the osteogenic potential of NPY with osteoblast phenotype markers being significantly enhanced in osteoprogenitor cells stimulated by NPY, probably due to the down-regulation of Y1 receptor. In contrasts, these cells exhibit a reduction in calcium deposition in extracellular matrix most likely mediated via Y2 receptor signalling. Furthermore, we show that NPY modulates receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) (RANK) ligand and osteoprotegerin, two key factors regulating bone remodelling. Specifically, NPY inhibits the transcriptional activity of RANKL promoter in osteoprogenitor cells and enhances OPG expression in osteoblasts at early stages of differentiation. However, NPY effect on OPG seemed to be unrelated to Y2 receptor activation. Taken together the present data supported the contribution of NPY pathway in bone homeostasis via a direct action on osteoblasts cells. {\textcopyright} 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
	keywords = {alkaline phosphatase, animal cell, animal tissue, Animals, article, Bone, Bone Marrow Cells, bone remodeling, Calcium, cell activity, cell differentiation, cell function, Cell Line, cell stimulation, controlled study, down regulation, extracellular matrix, gene expression regulation, genetic transcription, Homeostasis, immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein, in vitro study, Mice, neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide Y1 receptor, neuropeptide Y2 receptor, nonhuman, NPY, nuclear factor Y, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, osteoclast differentiation factor, Osteoprotegerin, phenotype, priority journal, promoter region, protein expression, RANK Ligand, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, signal transduction, stem cell, Stromal Cells, upregulation, Y1 receptor, Y2 receptor},
	isbn = {07302312 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67749108153\&partnerID=40\&md5=3fac97e90b88592291766e499000ae54},
	author = {Teixeira, L. and Sousa, D.M. and Nunes, A.F. and Sousa, M.M. and Herzog, H. and Lamghari, M.}
}
@article {2311,
	title = {NPY signalling pathway in bone homeostasis: Y1 receptor as a potential drug target},
	journal = {Current Drug TargetsCurr. Drug Targets},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: CDTUAdoi: 10.2174/138945009787122888Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Lamghari, M.; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Universidade do Porto, NEWTherapies Group, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: lamghari@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: gr 231118, 158859-98-4; n [1 [4 [[[[4 [(dimethylamino)methyl]cyclohexyl]methyl]amino]iminomethyl]benzyl] 2 oxo 2 (1 pyrrolidinyl)ethyl] alpha [(2 naphthalenylsulfonyl)amino]benzenepropanamide, 163238-19-5; n2 diphenylacetyl n (4 ureidomethylbenzyl)argininamide, 191868-14-1, 217977-06-5; nalpha (diphenylacetyl) n (4 hydroxybenzyl) dextro argininamide, 159013-54-4; neuropeptide Y, 82785-45-3, 83589-17-7; peptide YY, 81858-94-8; Ligands; Neuropeptide Y; Receptors, Neuropeptide YTradenames: bibo 3304; bibp 3226; gi 264879a; gr 231118; gw 1229; j 115814; ly 357897; sr 120819aReferences: Lundberg, P., Lerner, U.H., (2002) Microsc. Res. Tech, 58 (2), pp. 98-103;Baldock, P.A., Sainsbury, A., Couzens, M., Enriquez, R.F., Thomas, G.P., Gardiner, E.M., Herzog, H., (2002) J. Clin. Invest, 109 (7), pp. 915-921; 
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},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {9 - 19},
	abstract = {Neuropeptide (NPY) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in central and peripheral nervous system that has been implicated in several physiological processes through activation of five different Y receptors: Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and y6. NPY system has been extensively studied for the last decades due to its implications in a wide variety of physiological processes. For this purpose a diversity of sophisticated animal models and receptors agonists and antagonists has been developed to better understand its actions throughout body homeostasis. Consequently, NPY and its receptors have recently emerged as a potential regulator of bone homeostasis. This is supported by the demonstration of an increase of bone mass in mice lacking Y1 or Y2 receptor genes. Recent findings revealed Y1 receptor as a potential drug target candidate for prevention and treatment of bone loss. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that osteoblasts express Y1 receptor while no other Y receptor was detected in these cells, implicating Y1 receptor signalling in the local control of bone turnover. In this review, we have summarized the findings obtained from studies on NPY system in skeletogenesis focusing on Y1 receptor. {\textcopyright} 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.},
	keywords = {1 [1 [3 [(3 piperidyl)]]propyl] 2 [[(4 chlorophenoxyl)methyl]indol 3 yl] 2 (4 piperidylpiperidyl)ethan 1 one, 2 [1 (3 chloro 5 isopropoxycarbonylaminophenyl)ethylamino] 6 [2 (5 ethyl 4 methyl 2 thiazolyl)ethyl] 4 morpholinopyridine, 2 [1 (3 chloro 5 isopropyloxycarbonylaminophenyl)ethylamino] 6 [2 (5 ethyl 4 methyl 1,3 thiazol 2 yl)ethyl] 4 morpholinopyridine, Amino Acid Sequence, animal, Animals, bone development, bone mass, bone remodeling, Bone remodelling, bone turnover, Brain, drug antagonism, drug effect, drug potentiation, drug targeting, genetics, gi 264879a, gr 231118, Homeostasis, human, Humans, ligand, Ligands, ly 357897, metabolism, molecular genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, n alpha [3,3 bis(1 naphthyl)propionyl]dextro arginine n [1 benzyl 2 methoxyethyl]amide, n [1 [4 [[[[4 [(dimethylamino)methyl]cyclohexyl]methyl]amino]iminomethyl]benzyl] 2 oxo 2 (1 pyrrolidinyl)ethyl] alpha [(2 naphthalenylsulfonyl)amino]benzenepropanamide, n2 diphenylacetyl n (4 ureidomethylbenzyl)argininamide, nalpha (diphenylacetyl) n (4 hydroxybenzyl) dextro argininamide, neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide Y receptor, neuropeptide Y receptor agonist, neuropeptide Y receptor antagonist, neuropeptide Y [25 dextro arginine], neuropeptide Y [26 dextro histidine], neuropeptide Y [31 leucine 34 proline], neuropeptide Y [6 arginine 34 proline], neuropeptide Y [7 phenylalanine 34 proline], neuropeptide Y1 receptor, neuropeptide Y2 receptor, neuropeptide Y4 receptor, neuropeptide Y5 receptor, neuropeptide Y6 receptor, nonhuman, osteoblast, osteoclast, osteolysis, peptide YY, peptide YY [31 leucine 34 proline], peptide YY [34 proline], pharmacological blocking, physiology, protein binding, protein expression, protein family, protein isolation, receptor intrinsic activity, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y, review, signal transduction, unclassified drug, Y1 receptor},
	isbn = {13894501 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-63049117952\&partnerID=40\&md5=2e70b182cba78971a24c5a8124b7799b},
	author = {Sousa, D.M. and Herzog, H. and Lamghari, M.}
}
@article {2341,
	title = {Nanocrystalline diamond as a coating for joint implants: Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility assessment},
	journal = {Journal of NanomaterialsJ. Nanomater.},
	volume = {2008},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusArt. No.: 894352doi: 10.1155/2008/894352Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Silva, R. F.; Departamento de Engenharia Cer{\^a}mica e Vidro, Centro de Investiga{\c c}{\~a}o em Materiais Cer{\^a}micos e Comp{\'o}sitos (CICECO), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; email: rsilva@ua.ptReferences: Grabarczyk, J., Batory, D., Louda, P., Couvrat, P., Kotela, I., Bakowicz Mitura, K., Carbon coatings for medical implants (2007) Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 20 (20), pp. 107-110;Jakubowski, W., Bartosz, G., Niedzielski, P., Szymanski, W., Walkowiak, B., Nanocrystalline diamond surface is resistant to bacterial colonization (2004) Diamond and Related Materials, 13 (10), pp. 1761-1763; 
Amaral, M., Abreu, C.S., Oliveira, F.J., Gomes, J.R., Silva, R.F., Biotribological performance of NCD coated Si3N4 -bioglass composites (2007) Diamond and Related Materials, 16, pp. 790-795; 
Amaral, M., Abreu, C.S., Oliveira, F.J., Gomes, J.R., Silva, R.F., Tribological characterization of NCD in physiological fluids (2008) Diamond and Related Materials, 17 (4-5), pp. 848-852; 
Nordsletten, L., Hgsen, A.K.M., Konttinen, Y.T., Santavirta, S., Aspenberg, P., Aasen, A.O., Human monocytes stimulation by particles of hydroxyapatite, silicon carbide and diamond: In vitro studies of new prosthesis coatings (1996) Biomaterials, 17 (15), pp. 1521-1527; 
Aspenberg, P., Anttila, A., Konttinen, Y.T., Benign response to particles of diamond and SiC: Bone chamber studies of new joint replacement coating materials in rabbits (1996) Biomaterials, 17 (8), pp. 807-812; 
Tang, L., Tsai, C., Gerberich, W.W., Kruckeberg, L., Kania, D.R., Biocompatibility of chemical-vapour-deposited diamond (1995) Biomaterials, 16 (6), pp. 483-488; 
Bakowicz-Mitura, K., Bartosz, G., Mitura, S., Influence of diamond powder particles on human gene expression (2007) Surface Coatings Technology, 201 (13), pp. 6131-6135; 
Kulisch, W., Popov, C., Bliznakov, S., Surface and bioproperties of nanocrystalline diamond/amorphous carbon nanocomposite films (2007) Thin Solid Films, 515 (23), pp. 8407-8411; 
Popov, C., Kulisch, W., Reithmaier, J.P., Bioproperties of nanocrystalline diamond/amorphous carbon composite films (2007) Diamond and Related Materials, 16, pp. 735-739; 
Rubio-Retama, J., Hernando, J., Lpez-Ruiz, B., Synthetic nanocrystalline diamond as a third-generation biosensor support (2006) Langmuir, 22 (13), pp. 5837-5842; 
Siew, P.S., Loh, K.P., Poh, W.C., Zhang, H., Biosensing properties of nanocrystalline diamond film grown on polycrystalline diamond electrodes (2005) Diamond and Related Materials, 14, pp. 426-431; 
Wenmackers, S., Christiaens, P., Daenen, M., DNA attachment to nanocrystalline diamond films (2005) Physica Status Solidi (A), 202 (11), pp. 2212-2216; 
Yang, W., Hamers, R.J., Fabrication and characterization of a biologically sensitive field-effect transistor using a nanocrystalline diamond thin film (2004) Applied Physics Letters, 85 (16), pp. 3626-3628; 
Steinmller-Nethl, D., Kloss, F.R., Najam-Ul-Haq, M., Strong binding of bioactive BMP-2 to nanocrystalline diamond by physisorption (2006) Biomaterials, 27 (26), pp. 4547-4556; 
Williams, D., Revisiting the definition of biocompatibility (2003) Medical Device Technology, 14 (8), pp. 10-13; 
Kue, R., Sohrabi, A., Nagle, D., Frondoza, C., Hungerford, D., Enhanced proliferation and osteocalcin production by human osteoblast-like MG63 cells on silicon nitride ceramic discs (1999) Biomaterials, 20 (13), pp. 1195-1201; 
Howlett, C., McCartney, E., Ching, W., The effects of silicon nitride ceramic on rabbit skeletal cells and tissues (1989) Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, (244), pp. 296-301; 
Amaral, M., Costa, M.A., Lopes, M.A., Silva, R.F., Santos, J.D., Fernandes, M.H., Si 3 N 4 -bioglass composites stimulate the proliferation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells and support the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow cells (2002) Biomaterials, 23 (24), pp. 4897-4906; 
Belmonte, M., Fernandes, A.J.S., Costa, F.M., Oliveira, F.J., Silva, R.F., Adhesion behaviour assessment on diamond coated silicon nitride by acoustic emission (2003) Diamond and Related Materials, 12, pp. 733-737; 
Amaral, M., Fernandes, A.J.S., Vila, M., Oliveira, F.J., Silva, R.F., Growth rate improvements in the hot-filament CVD deposition of nanocrystalline diamond (2006) Diamond and Related Materials, 15 (11-12), pp. 1822-1827; 
Almeida, F.A., Amaral, M., Oliveira, F.J., Fernandes, A.J.S., Silva, R.F., Nano to micrometric HFCVD diamond adhesion strength to Si3N4 (2007) Vacuum, 81 (11-12), pp. 1443-1447; 
Trigo Cabral, M.C., Costa, M.A., Fernandes, M.H., In vitro models of periodontal cells: A comparative study of long-term gingival, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cell cultures in the presence of -glycerophosphate and dexamethasone (2007) Journal of Materials Science, 18 (6), pp. 1079-1088; 
Coelho, M.J., Trigo Cabral, A., Fernandes, M.H., Human bone cell cultures in biocompatibility testingpart I: Osteoblastic differentiation of serially passaged human bone marrow cells cultured in -MEM and in DMEM (2000) Biomaterials, 21 (11), pp. 1087-1094; 
Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Ratt, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P., The cytoskeleton (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell, , 4th New York, NY, USA Garland Science; 
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Biological evaluation of medical devicespart 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity, , International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1992; 
Okrj, W., Kamiska, M., Klimek, L., Szymaski, W., Walkowiak, B., Blood platelets in contact with nanocrystalline diamond surfaces (2006) Diamond and Related Materials, 15 (10), pp. 1535-1539; 
Popov, C., Kulisch, W., Jelinek, M., Bock, A., Strnad, J., Nanocrystalline diamond/amorphous carbon composite films for applications in tribology, optics and biomedicine (2006) Thin Solid Films, 494 (1-2), pp. 92-97; 
Kalbacova, M., Kalbac, M., Dunsch, L., The effect of SWCNT and nano-diamond films on human osteoblast cells (2007) Physica Status Solidi (B), 244 (11), pp. 4356-4359; 
Chong, K.F., Loh, K.P., Vedula, S.R.K., Cell adhesion properties on-photochemically functionalized diamond (2007) Langmuir, 23 (10), pp. 5615-5621; 
Bajaj, P., Akin, D., Gupta, A., Ultrananocrystalline diamond film as an optimal cell interface for biomedical applications (2007) Biomedical Microdevices, 9 (6), pp. 787-794; 
Stein, G.S., Lian, J.B., Molecular mechanisms mediating proliferation/differentiation interrelationships during progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype (1993) Endocrine Reviews, 14 (4), pp. 424-442; 
Coelho, M.J., Fernandes, M.H., Human bone cell cultures in biocompatibility testingpart II: Effect of ascorbic acid, -glycerophosphate and dexamethasone on osteoblastic differentiation (2000) Biomaterials, 21 (11), pp. 1095-1102; 
Sikavitsas, V.I., Temenoff, J.S., Mikos, A.G., Biomaterials and bone mechanotransduction (2001) Biomaterials, 22 (19), pp. 2581-2593; 
Webster, T.J., Ergun, C., Doremus, R.H., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase ceramics (2000) Biomaterials, 21 (17), pp. 1803-1810; 
Webster, T.J., Smith, T.A., Increased osteoblast function on PLGA composites containing nanophase titania (2005) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 74 (4), pp. 677-686; 
Kay, S., Thapa, A., Haberstroh, K.M., Webster, T.J., Nanostructured polymer/nanophase ceramic composites enhance osteoblast and chondrocyte adhesion (2002) Tissue Engineering, 8 (5), pp. 753-761; 
Balasundaram, G., Sato, M., Webster, T.J., Using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and decreased crystallinity to promote osteoblast adhesion similar to functionalizing with RGD (2006) Biomaterials, 27 (14), pp. 2798-2805; 
Kaplan, F.S., Hayes, W.C., Keaveny, T.M., Boskey, A., Einhorn, T.A., Iannotti, J.P., Simon, S.P., Form and function of bone (1994) Orthopedic Basic Science, pp. 127-185. , Columbus, Ohio, USA American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons; 
Palin, E., Liu, H., Webster, T.J., Mimicking the nanofeatures of bone increases bone-forming cell adhesion and proliferation (2005) Nanotechnology, 16 (9), pp. 1828-1835; 
Siegel, R.W., Creating nanophase materials (1996) Scientific American Magazine, 275 (6), pp. 74-79; 
Webster, T.J., Ergun, C., Doremus, R.H., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Specific proteins mediate enhanced osteoblast adhesion on nanophase ceramics (2000) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 51 (3), pp. 475-483; 
Webster, T.J., Schadler, L.S., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Mechanisms of enhanced osteoblast adhesion on nanophase alumina involve vitronectin (2001) Tissue Engineering, 7 (3), pp. 291-301
},
	month = {2008///},
	abstract = {Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings combine a very low surface roughness with the outstanding diamond properties, such as superlative hardness, low self-friction coefficient, high wear and corrosion resistance, and biotolerance, which are ideal features for applications in medicine (knee and hip replacement) and surgical tools. The present work presents a comprehensive study of the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of NCD films grown by hot-filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) technique, aiming such future applications. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro by seeding human gingival fibroblasts on the NCD surface for 14 days, while specific biocompatibility was assessed on samples seeded with human bone marrow-derived osteoblasts during 21 days. The NCD coatings proved to be noncytotoxic in the preliminary human gingival fibroblast cell cultures, as denoted by a notable sequence of cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation events. In the specific biocompatibility assay envisaging bone tissue applications, NCD coatings induced human osteoblast proliferation and the stimulation of differentiation markers, compared to standard polystyrene tissue culture plates. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2008.},
	isbn = {16874110 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-49749138226\&partnerID=40\&md5=4ff56cef8d03fc8708bd965fe1b64ee0},
	author = {Amaral, M. and Gomes, P.S. and Lopes, M.A. and Santos, J.D. and Silva, R.F. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@article {2337,
	title = {Nanocrystalline diamond: In vitro biocompatibility assessment by MG63 and human bone marrow cells cultures},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part AJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 25Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRCdoi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31742PubMed ID: 18085649Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Silva, R. F.; CICECO, Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; email: rsilva@cv.ua.ptChemicals/CAS: diamond, 7782-40-3; polystyrene, 9003-53-6; silicon nitride, 12033-89-5; Alkaline Phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.1; Ceramics; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Diamond, 7782-40-3; Silicon Compounds; silicon nitride, 12033-89-5References: Ratner, B.D., Hoffman, A.S., Schoen, A.S., Lemons, J.E., (1996) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, , New York: Academic Press;;Emery, D.F.G., Clarke, H.J., Grover, M.L., Stanmore total hip replacement in younger patients: Review of a group of patients under 50 years of age at operation (1997) J Bone Joint Surg, 79, pp. 240-246; 
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Shane, A.C., Marc, D.F., Yogesh, K.V., William, R.L., Jack, E.L., Shanna, W., Ramakrishna, V., Nanostructured ceramics for biomedical implants (2002) J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2, pp. 293-312; 
Palin, E., Liu, H., Webster, T.J., Mimicking the nanofeatures of bone increases bone-forming cell adhesion and proliferation (2005) Nanotechnology, 16, pp. 1828-1835; 
Webster, T.J., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Osteoblast adhesion on nanophase ceramics (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 1221-1227; 
Price, R.L., Haberstroh, K.M., Webster, T.J., Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanostructured surfaces of carbon and alumina (2003) Med Biol Eng Comput, 41, pp. 372-375; 
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Aspenberg, P., Antilla, A., Konttinen, Y.T., Lappalainen, R., Goodman, S.B., Nordsletten, L., Santavirta, S., Benign response to particles of diamond and SiC: Bone chamber studies of new joint replacement coating materials in rabbits (1996) Biomaterials, 17, pp. 807-812; 
Nordsletten, L., Hogasen, A.K.M., Konttinen, Y.T., Santavirta, S., Aspenberg, P., Aasen, A.O., Human monocytes stimulation by particles of hydroxyapatite, silicon carbide and diamond: In vitro studies of new prosthesis coatings (1996) Biomaterials, 17, pp. 1521-1527; 
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Garguilo, J.M., Davis, B.A., Buddie, M., K{\"o}ck, F.A.M., Nemanich, R.J., Fibrinogen adsorption onto microwave plasma chemical vapour deposited diamond films (2004) Diamond Relat Mater, 13, pp. 595-599; 
Tang, L., Tsai, C., Gerberich, W.W., Kruckeberg, L., Kania, D.R., Biocompatibility of chemical-vapour deposited diamond (1995) Biomaterials, 16, pp. 483-488; 
Narayan, R.J., Wei, W., Jin, C., Andara, M., Agarwal, A., Gerhardt, R.A., Shih, C., Singh, R.N., Microstructural and biological properties of nanocrystalline diamond coatings (2006) Diamond Relat Mater, 15, pp. 1935-1940; 
Popov, C., Kulisch, W., Jelinek, M., Bock, A., Strnad, J., Nanocrystalline diamond/amorphous carbon composite films for applications in tribology, optics and biomedicine (2006) Thin Solid Films, 494, pp. 92-97; 
Nethl, D.S., Kloss, F.R., Haq, M.N.U., Rainer, M., Larsson, K., Linsmeier, C., K{\"o}hler, G., Bonn, G., Strong binding of bioactive BMP-2 to nanocrystalline diamond by physisorption (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 4547-4556; 
Silva, V.A., Costa, F.M., Fernandes, A.J.S., Nazar{\'e}, M.H., Silva, R.F., Influence of SiC particle addition on the nucleation density and adhesion strength of MPCVD diamond coatings on S13N4 substrates (2000) Diamond Relat Mater, 9, pp. 483-488; 
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Howlett, C., McCartney, E., Ching, W., The effects of silicon nitride ceramic on rabbit skeletal cells and tissues (1989) Clin Orthop, 244, pp. 296-301; 
Amaral, M., Costa, M.A., Lopes, M.A., Silva, R.F., Santos, J.D., Fernandes, M.H., Si 3N 4-bioglass composites stimulate the proliferation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells and support the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow cells (2002) Biomaterials, 23, pp. 4897-4906; 
Belmonte, M., Fernandes, A.J.S., Costa, F.M., Oliveira, F.J., Silva, R.F., Adhesion behaviour assessment on diamond coated silicon nitride by acoustic emission (2003) Diamond Relat Mater, 12, pp. 733-737; 
Coelho, M.J., Trigo Cabrai, A., Fernandes, M.H., Human bone cell cultures in biocompatibility testing, Part 1: Osteoblastic differentiation of serially passaged human bone marrow cells cultured in α-MEM and in DMEM (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 1087-1094; 
Clifford, C.J., Downes, S., A comparative study of the use of colorimetric assays in the assessment of biocompatibility (1996) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 7, pp. 637-643; 
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Ferrari AC, Robertson J. Origin of the 1150 cm -1 Raman mode in nanocrystalline diamond. Phys Rev B 2001;63:121405-1-4Pfeiffer, R., Kuzmany, H., Knoll, P., Bokova, S., Salk, N., G{\"u}nther, B., Evidence for trans-polyacetylene in nano-crystalline diamond films (2003) Diamond Relat Mater, 12, pp. 268-271; 
Fernandes, A.J.S., Neto, M.A., Almeida, F.A., Silva, R.F., Costa, F.M., Nano- and micro-crystalline diamond growth by MPCVD in extremely poor hydrogen uniform plasmas (2007) Diamond Relat Mater, 16, pp. 757-761; 
Almeida, F.A., Amaral, M., Oliveira, F.J., Fernandes, A.J.S., Silva, R.F., Nano to micrometric HFCVD diamond adhesion strength to Si 3N 4 (2007) Vacuum, 81, pp. 1443-1447; 
Abreu, C.S., Amaral, M., Oliveira, F.J., Fernandes, A.J.S., Gomes, J.R., Silva, R.F., Enhanced performance of HFCVD nanocrystalline diamond self-mated tribosystems by plasma pretreatments on silicon nitride substrates (2006) Diamond Relat Mater, 15, pp. 2024-2028; 
Abreu, C.S., Amaral, M., Fernandes, A.J.S., Oliveira, F.J., Silva, R.F., Gomes, J.R., Friction and wear performance of HFCVD nano-crystalline diamond coated silicon nitride ceramics (2006) Diamond Relat Mater, 15, pp. 739-744; 
Stein, G.S., Lian, J.B., Molecular mechanisms mediated proliferation- differentiation interrelationships during progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype (1993) Endocr Rev, 14, pp. 424-442; 
Coelho, M.J., Fernandes, M.H., Human bone cell cultures in biocompatibility testing, Part 2: Effect of ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone on osteoblastic differentiation (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 1095-1102; 
Kaplan, F.S., Hayes, W.C., Keaveny, T.M., Boskey, A., Einhorn, T.A., Iannotti, J.P., Form and function of bone (1994) Orthopedic Basic Science, pp. 127-185. , Simon SP, editor, Columbus, OH: American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons;; 
Webster, T.J., Ejiofor, J.U., Increased osteoblast adhesion on nanophase metals: Ti, Ti6A14V, and CoCrMo (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 4731-4739; 
Kay, S., Thapa, A., Haberstroh, K.M., Webster, T.J., Nanostructured polymer/nanophase ceramic composites enhance osteoblast and chondrocyte adhesion (2002) Tissue Eng, 8, pp. 753-761; 
Webster, T.J., Smith, T.A., Increased osteoblast function on PLGA composites containing nanophase titania (2005) J Biomed Mater Res A, 74, pp. 677-686; 
Balasundaram, G., Sato, M., Webster, T.J., Using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and decreased crystallinity to promote osteoblast adhesion similar to functionaizing with RGD (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 2798-2805; 
Webster, T.J., (2004) Proteins: Structure and interactions patterns to solid surfaces, pp. 1-16. , editors. Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. New York: Marcel Dekker; 
Siegel RW. Creating nanophase materials. Sci Am (Int Ed) 1996;275:74-79Webster, T.J., Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase ceramics (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 1803-1810; 
Webster, T.J., Enhanced osteoclast-like cell functions on nano-phase ceramics (2001) Biomaterials, 22, pp. 1327-1333; 
Webster, T.J., Ergun, C., Doremus, R.H., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Specific proteins mediate enhanced osteoblast adhesion on nano-phase ceramics (2000) J Biomed Mater Res, pp. 51475-51483; 
Webster, T.J., Schadler, L.S., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Mechanisms of enhanced osteoblast sdhesion on nanophase alumina involve vitronectin (2001) Tissue Eng, 7, pp. 291-301
},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {91 - 99},
	abstract = {Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) has a great potential for prosthetic implants coating. Nevertheless, its biocompatibility still has to be better understood. To do so, we employed several materials characterization techniques (SEM, AFM, micro-Raman spectroscopy) and cell culture assays using MG63 osteoblast-like and human bone marrow cells. Biochemical routines (MTT assays, Lowry{\textquoteright}s method, ALP activity) supported by SEM and confocal microscopy characterization were carried out. We used silicon nitride (Si                        3N
                        4) substrates for NCD coatings based on a previous demonstration of the superior adhesion and tribological performance of these NCD coated ceramics. Results demonstrate an improved human osteoblast proliferation and the stimulation of differentiated markers, like ALP activity and matrix mineralization, compared with standard polystyrene tissue culture plates. The nanometric featuring of NCD, associated to its chemical affinity are key points for bone regeneration purposes. {\textcopyright} 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
},
	keywords = {adult, alkaline phosphatase, ALP activity, Animal cell culture, Architectural acoustics, article, Atomic force microscopy, Biocompatibility, Bone, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Regeneration, Cell culture, cell proliferation, cell survival, Cells, Cells, Cultured, ceramics, Cladding (coating), Coated Materials, Biocompatible, confocal microscopy, controlled study, diamond, Diamonds, enzyme activity, extracellular matrix, human, Human bone marrow cells, human cell, Humans, Imaging techniques, Implants (surgical), In vitro biocompatibility, in vitro selection, Joint replacement, male, Materials characterization, materials testing, Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Microscopic examination, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, mineralization, MTT assaying, Nano-crystalline diamond, nanocrystal, Nanocrystalline alloys, Nanocrystalline materials, nanoparticles, Nanostructured materials, Nitrides, Nonmetals, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, polystyrene, Prostheses and Implants, Raman spectrometry, Scanning electron microscopy, Secondary emission, Silicon, Silicon compounds, Silicon nitride, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Surface Properties, Tissue engineering},
	isbn = {15493296 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-51849084188\&partnerID=40\&md5=a41a73f23c0c63950b4613f44d51bd23},
	author = {Amaral, M. and Dias, A.G. and Gomes, P.S. and Lopes, M.A. and Silva, R.F. and Santos, J.D. and Fernandes, M.H.}
}
@article {2377,
	title = {Nanohydroxyapatite microspheres as delivery system for antibiotics: Release kinetics, antimicrobial activity, and interaction with osteoblasts},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part AJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 32Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRCdoi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31151PubMed ID: 17252559Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ferraz, M.P.; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: mpferraz@ufp.ptChemicals/CAS: amoxicillin, 26787-78-0, 34642-77-8, 61336-70-7; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 74469-00-4, 79198-29-1; clindamycin, 18323-44-9; erythromycin, 114-07-8, 70536-18-4; hydroxyapatite, 1306-06-5, 51198-94-8; metronidazole, 39322-38-8, 443-48-1; minocycline, 10118-90-8, 11006-27-2, 13614-98-7; tetracycline, 23843-90-5, 60-54-8, 64-75-5; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Durapatite, 1306-06-5References: Krejci, C.B., Bissada, N.F., Farah, C., Greenwell, H., Clinical-evaluation of porous and nonporous hydroxyapatite in the treatment of human periodontal bony defects (1987) J Periodontol, 58, pp. 521-528;Kinane, D.F., Lindhe, J., Pathogenesis of periodontitis (2002) Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, pp. 189-225. , Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP, editors, Copenhagen: Munksgaard;; 
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Mombelli, A., Antibiotics in periodontal therapy (2002) Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, , Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP, editors, Copenhagen: Munksgaard;; 
Etienne, D., Locally delivered antimicrobials for the treatment of chronic periodontitis (2003) Oral Dis, 9, pp. 45-50; 
Queiroz, A.C., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Porous HA scaffolds for drug releasing (2005) Bioceramics, 17, pp. 407-410; 
Queiroz, A.C., Teixeira, S., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Porous hydroxyapatite and glass reinforced hydroxyapatite for controlled release of sodium ampicillin (2004) Bioceramics, 16, pp. 997-1000; 
Hannes, P.J., Purvis, J.P., Local anti-infective therapy: Pharmacological agents. A systemic review (2003) Ann Periodontol, 8, pp. 79-98; 
Soskolne, W.A., Heasman, P.A., Stabholz, A., Smart, G.J., Palmer, M., Flashner, M., Newman, H.N., Sustained local delivery of chlorhexidine in the treatment of periodontitis: A multi-center study (1997) J Periodontol, 68, pp. 32-38; 
Greenstein, G., Polson, A., The role of local drug delivery in the management of periodontal diseases: A comprehensive review (1998) J Periodontol, 69, pp. 507-520; 
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Queiroz, A.C., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Development of a system to adsorb drugs onto calcium phosphate materials (2005) J Mater Sci-Mater Med, 16, pp. 641-646; 
Queiroz, A.C., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Adsorption isotherm of sodium ampicillin onto dense and porous hydroxyapatite (2005) Bioceramics, 17, pp. 387-390; 
Queiroz, A.C., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., da Silva, MHP dissolution studies of hydroxyapatite and glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite ceramics (2003) Mater Char, 50, pp. 197-202; 
Rauschmann, M.A., Wichelhaus, T.A., Stirnal, V., Dingeldein, E., Zichner, L., Schnettler, R., Alt, V., Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and calcium sulphate as biodegradable composite carrier material for local delivery of antibiotics in bone infections (2005) Biomaterials, 26, pp. 2677-2684; 
Queiroz, A.C., Teixeira, S., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Production of porus hydroxyapatite with potential for controlled drug delivery (2004) Mater Sci Forum, 455-456, pp. 358-360; 
Daculsi, G., Passuti, N., Effect of the macroporosity for osseous substitution of calcium-phosphate ceramics (1990) Biomaterials, 11, pp. 86-87; 
Gauthier, O., Bouler, J.M., Weiss, P., Bosco, J., Daculsi, G., Aguado, E., Kinetic study of bone ingrowth and ceramic resorption associated with the implantation of different injectable calcium-phosphate bone substitutes (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 47, pp. 28-35; 
Webster, T.J., Ergun, C., Doremus, R.H., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Specific proteins mediate enhanced osteoblast adhesion on nanophase ceramics (2000) J Biomed Mater Res, 51, pp. 475-483; 
Webster, T.J., Ergun, C., Doremus, R.H., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase ceramics (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 1803-1810; 
Webster, T.J., Siegel, R.W., Bizios, R., Enhanced surface and mechanical properties of nanophase ceramics to achieve orthopaedic/dental implant efficacy (2000) Bioceramics, 13, pp. 321-324; 
Liou, S.C., Chen, S.Y., Liu, D.M., Synthesis and characterization of needlelike apatitic nanocomposite with controlled aspect ratios (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 3981-3988; 
Ferraz, M.P., Monteiro, F.J., Manuel, C.D., Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: A review of preparation methodologies (2004) J Appl Biomater Biomech, 2, pp. 74-80; 
Barrias CC, Ribeiro CC, Martins MCL, Barbosa MA, Rodrigues D, Miranda MCS. Calcium phosphate microspheres for localised delivery of a therapeutic enzyme. Bioceramics 2006;18 (Parts 1/2):903-906Ribeiro, C.C., Barrias, C.C., Barbosa, M.A., Calcium phosphate-alginate microspheres as enzyme delivery matrices (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 4363-4373; 
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Ribeiro, C.C., Barrias, C.C., Barbosa, M.A., Preparation and characterisation of calcium-phosphate porous microspheres with a uniform size for biomedical applications (2006) J Mater Sci-Mater Med, 17, pp. 455-463; 
Barrias, C.C., Ribeiro, C.C., Lamghari, M., S{\'a}, C., Barbosa, M.A., Proliferation, activity and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells cultured on calcium titanium phosphate microspheres (2005) J Biomed Mater Res A, 72, pp. 57-66; 
Mateus, A.Y.P., Ferraz, M.P., Monteiro, F.J., Comparative study of injectable material synthesised from alginate and two types of hydroxyapatite Submitted for publicationFerraz, M.P., Monteiro, F.J., Santos, J.D., CaO-P2O5 glass hydroxyapatite double layer plasma sprayed coatings: In vitro bioactivity evaluation (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 45, pp. 376-383; 
Hyakuna, K., Yamamuro, T., Kotoura, Y., Oka, M., Nakamura, T., Kitsogi, T., Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Surface reactions of calcium phosphate ceramics to various solutions (1990) J Biomed Mater Res, 24, pp. 471-488; 
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Kimakhe, S., Bohic, S., Larrose, C., Reynaud, A., Pilet, P., Giumelli, B., Heymann, D., Daculsi, G., Biological activities of sustained polymyxin B release from calcium phosphate biomaterial prepared by dynamic compaction: An in vitro study (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 47, pp. 18-27; 
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Otsuka, M., Matsuda, Y., Kokubo, T., Yoshihara, S., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., A novel skeletal drug-delivery system using self-setting bioactive glass bone-cement. II. Drug-release from a novel self-setting bioactive glass bone-cement containing cephalexin and its physicochemical properties (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 33-38; 
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Yamamura, K., Iwata, H., Yotsuyanagi, T., Synthesis of antibiotic-loaded hydroxyapatite beads and invitro drug release testing (1992) J Biomed Mater Res, 26, pp. 1053-1064; 
Clover, J., Gowen, M., Are Mg-63 and Hos Te85 human osteosarcoma cell-lines representative models of the osteoblastic phenotype? (1994) Bone, 15, pp. 585-591
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {994 - 1004},
	abstract = {Severe periodontitis treatment, where massive alveolar bone loss occurs, involves bone defect filling and intensive systemic log-term antibiotics administration. This study aims at developing novel injectable drug delivery systems (nanohydroxyapatite microspheres) with the drug releasing capability for periodontitis treatment and simultaneously initiating the osteointegration process. Materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, inverted stand optical microscope analysis, and mercury porosimetry method. Amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, and erythromycin were the antibiotics used. Release properties during 28 days from the hydroxyapatite (HA) granules, and two types of nanoHA microspheres were investigated. Biocompatibility was assessed by cytotoxicity assays. HA granules were inadequate, releasing all antibiotic during the first hours. The concentration of antibiotics released in the first days from HA-2 was higher than from HA-1 microspheres, because of the increased porosity and surface area. The release profiles (fast initial release followed by long-term sustained release) of effective doses of antibiotics make these systems good alternatives for antibiotics delivery. Osteoblasts proliferated well on both types of microspheres, being cell growth enhanced in the presence of antibiotics. Erythromycin presented the most beneficial effect. Combining the sustained antibiotic release with the osteoconduction, resorbability, and potential use as injectable bone filling material of porous HA microspheres, these systems provided a forth fold beneficial effect. {\textcopyright} 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {alveolar bone, amoxicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antibacterial, antibiotic agent, antibiotic resistance, Antibiotics administration, antimicrobial activity, article, Bacteria, Cell Communication, Cell Death, cell growth, cell kinetics, Cell Line, cell proliferation, clindamycin, concentration response, controlled study, Cytotoxicity, Drug delivery, drug delivery system, Drug Delivery Systems, Drug release, Durapatite, erythromycin, Escherichia coli, human, human cell, Humans, hydroxyapatite, Kinetics, materials testing, metronidazole, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, microsphere, Microspheres, minocycline, Nanohydroxyapatite, nanoparticle, nanoparticles, nonhuman, Optical microscope analysis, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, osteolysis, periodontitis, porosity, Staphylococcus aureus, surface property, sustained drug release, Tetracycline, unclassified drug, X ray diffraction},
	isbn = {15493296 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249689569\&partnerID=40\&md5=5474dac8549e9cd037a96eba13ac9605},
	author = {Ferraz, M.P. and Mateus, A.Y. and Sousa, J.C. and Monteiro, F.J.}
}
@article {2386,
	title = {A novel dry active electrode for EEG recording},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical EngineeringIEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 24Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusArt. No.: 23CODEN: IEBEAdoi: 10.1109/TBME.2006.884649PubMed ID: 17260869Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Fonseca, C.; INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Universidade Do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: cfonseca@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: Biocompatible Materials; Titanium, 7440-32-6; titanium dioxide, 13463-67-7References: Portnoy, W., David, R., Akers, L., Insulated ECG electrodes (1974) Biomedical Electrode Technology, , H. A. Miller and D. C. Harrison, Eds. New York: Academic;Nishimura, S., Tomita, Y., Horiuchi, T., Clinical application of an active electrode using an operational amplifier (1992) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng, 39 (10), pp. 1090-1099. , Oct; 
Taheri, A., Knight, R., Smith, R., A dry electrode for EEG recording (1994) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol, 90, pp. 376-383; 
Searle, A., Kirkup, L., A direct comparison of wet, dry and insulating bioelectric recording electrodes (2000) Physiol. Meas, 22, pp. 71-83; 
Fonseca, C., Vaz, F., Barbosa, M.A., Electrochemical behaviour of titanium coated stainless steel by R.F. sputtering in synthetic sweat solutions for electrode applications (2004) Corrosion Sci, 46 (12), pp. 3005-3018; 
Matsuo, T., IInuma, K., Esashi, M., Barium titanate ceramics capacitive type EEG elecrode (1973) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng, BME-20, pp. 299-300; 
Perez, J., Vilarinho, P., Kholkin, A., High-quality Pbzr0.52Ti0. 48O3 films prepared by modified sol-gel route at low temperature (2004) Thin Solid Films, 449 (1-2), pp. 20-24; 
Rosell, J., Colominas, J., Riu, P., Pallas-Areny, R., Webster, J., Skin impedance from 1 Hz to 1 MHz (1988) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng, 35 (8), pp. 649-651. , Aug; 
Ferree, T., Luu, P., Russell, G., Tucker, D., Scalp electrode impedance, infection risk and EEG data quality (2001) Clin. Neurophysiol, 112 (3), pp. 536-544
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {162 - 165},
	abstract = {The design and testing of a "dry" active electrode for electroencephalographic recording is described. A comparative study between the EEG signals recorded in human volunteers simultaneously with the classical Ag-AgCl and "dry" active electrodes was carried out and the reported preliminary results are consistent with a better performance of these devices over the conventional Ag-AgCl electrodes. {\textcopyright} 2007 IEEE.},
	keywords = {article, Biocompatible Materials, Bioelectric phenomena, Bioelectric signal recording, bioenergy, biomedical electrodes, Biomedical engineering, Data recording, Dry electrodes, Electric Impedance, Electrochemical electrodes, electrode, Electrodes, electroencephalogram, Electroencephalographic recording, electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Feasibility Studies, Pilot Projects, signal transduction, Silver compounds, Titanium},
	isbn = {00189294 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846389173\&partnerID=40\&md5=0273ef7699807f6e20f95dd6bacb3c9b},
	author = {Fonseca, C. and Silva Cunha, J.P. and Martins, R.E. and Ferreira, V.M. and Marques De S{\'a}, J.P. and Barbosa, M.A. and Martins Da Silva, A.}
}
@conference {2389,
	title = {New developments of the Z-EDM algorithm},
	booktitle = {Proceedings - ISDA 2006: Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and ApplicationsProc. ISDA Sixth Int. Conf. Intelligent Syst. Design Applic.},
	series = {ISDA 2006: Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Conference code: 69992Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusArt. No.: 4021587doi: 10.1109/ISDA.2006.204Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Silva, L.M.; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Porto, Portugal; email: lmsilva@fe.up.ptReferences: Bishop, C., (1995) Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition, , Oxford University Press;Blake, C., Merz, C., (1998) UCI Repository of machine learning databases University of California, , http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html, Irvine, Dept. of Information and Computer Sciences; 
Erdogmus, D., Principe, J.C., An Error-Entropy Minimization Algorithm for Supervised Training of Nonlinear Adaptive Systems (2002) IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 50 (7), pp. 1780-1786; 
Forina, M., Armanino, C., Eigenvector projection and simplified non-linear mapping of fatty acid content of Italian olive oils (1981) Ann. Chim. (Rome), 50, pp. 127-155; 
Marques de S{\'a}, J., (2001) Pattern Recognition: Concepts, Methods and Applications, , Springer Verlag; 
J. Santos, L. Alexandre, and J. Marques de S{\'a}. The Error Entropy Minimization Algorithm for Neural Network Classification. In Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 2004Silva, L., Alexandre, L., Marques de S{\'a}, J., Neural network classification: Maximizing zero-error density (2005) LNCS, 3686, pp. 127-135. , ICAPR 2005; 
Silva, L., Marques de S{\'a}, J., Alexandre, L., Neural Network Classification using Shannon{\textquoteright}s Entropy (2005) European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks; 
Silverman, B., (1986) Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis, , Chapman \& Hall
},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {1067 - 1072},
	address = {Jinan},
	abstract = {In this paper we address some open questions on the recently proposed Zero-Error Density Maximization algorithm for MLP training. We propose a new version of the cost function that solves a training problem encountered in previous work and prove that the use of a nonparametric density estimator preserves the optimal solution. Some experiments are reported comparing this cost function to the usual mean-square error and cross entropy cost junctions. {\textcopyright} 2006 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Cost functions, Mean square error, MLP training, Nonparametric density estimators, Optimization, Personnel training, Problem solving, Zero-Error Density Maximization algorithm},
	isbn = {0769525288 (ISBN); 9780769525280 (ISBN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547496988\&partnerID=40\&md5=65cadef393b0843f5b21f6534bc122ff},
	author = {Silva, L.M. and Marques de S{\'a}, J. and Alexandre, L.A.}
}
@article {2417,
	title = {The N-terminal half of the peroxisomal cycling receptor Pex5p is a natively unfolded domain},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular BiologyJ. Mol. Biol.},
	volume = {356},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 34Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JMOBAdoi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.12.002PubMed ID: 16403517Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Azevedo, J.E.; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: jazevedo@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: Amino Acids; peroxisome-targeting signal 1 receptor; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearReferences: Brown, L.A., Baker, A., Peroxisome biogenesis and the role of protein import (2003) J. Cell. Mol. Med., 7, pp. 388-400;Heiland, I., Erdmann, R., Biogenesis of peroxisomes. Topogenesis of the peroxisomal membrane and matrix proteins (2005) FEBS J., 272, pp. 2362-2372; 
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Weller, S., Gould, S.J., Valle, D., Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (2003) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet., 4, pp. 165-211; 
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Lametschwandtner, G., Brocard, C., Fransen, M., Van Veldhoven, P., Berger, J., Hartig, A., The difference in recognition of terminal tripeptides as peroxisomal targeting signal 1 between yeast and human is due to different affinities of their receptor Pex5p to the cognate signal and to residues adjacent to it (1998) J. Biol. Chem., 273, pp. 33635-33643; 
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Schliebs, W., Saidowsky, J., Agianian, B., Dodt, G., Herberg, F.W., Kunau, W.H., Recombinant human peroxisomal targeting signal receptor PEX5. Structural basis for interaction of PEX5 with PEX14 (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, pp. 5666-5673; 
Costa-Rodrigues, J., Carvalho, A.F., Fransen, M., Hambruch, E., Schliebs, W., Sa-Miranda, C., Azevedo, J.E., Pex5p, the peroxisomal cycling receptor, is a monomeric non-globular protein (2005) J. Biol. Chem., 280, pp. 24404-24411; 
Elgersma, Y., Elgersma-Hooisma, M., Wenzel, T., McCaffery, J.M., Farquhar, M.G., Subramani, S., A mobile PTS2 receptor for peroxisomal protein import in Pichia pastoris (1998) J. Cell Biol., 140, pp. 807-820; 
Rehling, P., Marzioch, M., Niesen, F., Wittke, E., Veenhuis, M., Kunau, W.H., The import receptor for the peroxisomal targeting signal 2 (PTS2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is encoded by the PAS7 gene (1996) EMBO J., 15, pp. 2901-2913; 
Zhang, J.W., Lazarow, P.B., Peb1p (Pas7p) is an intraperoxisomal receptor for the NH2-terminal, type 2, peroxisomal targeting sequence of thiolase: Peb1p itself is targeted to peroxisomes by an NH2-terminal peptide (1996) J. Cell Biol., 132, pp. 325-334; 
Dodt, G., Warren, D., Becker, E., Rehling, P., Gould, S.J., Domain mapping of human PEX5 reveals functional and structural similarities to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pex18p and Pex21p (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276, pp. 41769-41781; 
Einwachter, H., Sowinski, S., Kunau, W.H., Schliebs, W., Yarrowia lipolytica Pex20p Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pex18p/Pex21p and mammalian Pex5pL fulfil a common function in the early steps of the peroxisomal PTS2 import pathway (2001) EMBO Rep., 2, pp. 1035-1039; 
Matsumura, T., Otera, H., Fujiki, Y., Disruption of the interaction of the longer isoform of Pex5p, Pex5pL, with Pex7p abolishes peroxisome targeting signal type 2 protein import in mammals. Study with a novel Pex5-impaired Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275, pp. 21715-21721; 
Gouveia, A.M., Guimaraes, C.P., Oliveira, M.E., Sa-Miranda, C., Azevedo, J.E., Insertion of Pex5p into the peroxisomal membrane is cargo protein-dependent (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, pp. 4389-4392; 
De La Torre, J.G., Hydrodynamics of segmentally flexible macromolecules (1994) Eur. Biophys. J., 23, pp. 307-322; 
Denning, D.P., Uversky, V., Patel, S.S., Fink, A.L., Rexach, M., The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nucleoporin Nup2p is a natively unfolded protein (2002) J. Biol. Chem., 277, pp. 33447-33455; 
Permyakov, S.E., Millett, I.S., Doniach, S., Permyakov, E.A., Uversky, V.N., Natively unfolded C-terminal domain of caldesmon remains substantially unstructured after the effective binding to calmodulin (2003) Proteins: Struct. Funct. Genet., 53, pp. 855-862; 
Uversky, V.N., Natively unfolded proteins: A point where biology waits for physics (2002) Protein Sci., 11, pp. 739-756; 
Lydakis-Simantiris, N., Hutchison, R.S., Betts, S.D., Barry, B.A., Yocum, C.F., Manganese stabilizing protein of photosystem II is a thermostable, natively unfolded polypeptide (1999) Biochemistry, 38, pp. 404-414; 
Sreerama, N., Woody, R.W., Estimation of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra: Comparison of CONTIN, SELCON, and CDSSTR methods with an expanded reference set (2000) Anal. Biochem., 287, pp. 252-260; 
Stanley, W.A., Sokolova, A., Brown, A., Clarke, D.T., Wilmanns, M., Svergun, D.I., Synergistic use of synchrotron radiation techniques for biological samples in solution: A case study on protein-ligand recognition by the peroxisomal import receptor Pex5p (2004) J. Synchrotron Radiat., 11, pp. 490-496; 
Oberg, K.A., Fink, A.L., A new attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method for the study of proteins in solution (1998) Anal. Biochem., 256, pp. 92-106; 
Navea, S., Tauler, R., De Juan, A., Application of the local regression method interval partial least-squares to the elucidation of protein secondary structure (2005) Anal. Biochem., 336, pp. 231-242; 
Obradovic, Z., Peng, K., Vucetic, S., Radijovac, P., Dunker, A.K., Exploiting heterogeneous sequence properties improves prediction of protein disorder (2006) Proteins, , In the press; 
Gould, S.J., Collins, C.S., Opinion: Peroxisomal-protein import: Is it really that complex? (2002) Nature Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol., 3, pp. 382-389; 
Shoemaker, B.A., Portman, J.J., Wolynes, P.G., Speeding molecular recognition by using the folding funnel: The fly-casting mechanism (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 97, pp. 8868-8873; 
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Tompa, P., Intrinsically unstructured proteins (2002) Trends Biochem. Sci., 27, pp. 527-533; 
Gouveia, A.M., Reguenga, C., Oliveira, M.E., Sa-Miranda, C., Azevedo, J.E., Characterization of peroxisomal Pex5p from rat liver. Pex5p in the Pex5p-Pex14p membrane complex is a transmembrane protein (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275, pp. 32444-32451; 
Dammai, V., Subramani, S., The human peroxisomal targeting signal receptor, Pex5p, is translocated into the peroxisomal matrix and recycled to the cytosol (2001) Cell, 105, pp. 187-196; 
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Azevedo, J.E., Costa-Rodrigues, J., Guimaraes, C.P., Oliveira, M.E., Sa-Miranda, C., Protein translocation across the peroxisomal membrane (2004) Cell Biochem. Biophys., 41, pp. 451-468; 
Wang, D., Visser, N.V., Veenhuis, M., Van Der Klei, I.J., Physical interactions of the peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor pex5p, studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, pp. 43340-43345; 
Oliveira, M.E., Reguenga, C., Gouveia, A.M., Guimaraes, C.P., Schliebs, W., Kunau, W.H., Mammalian Pex14p: Membrane topology and characterisation of the Pex14p-Pex14p interaction (2002) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1567, pp. 13-22; 
Fransen, M., Wylin, T., Brees, C., Mannaerts, G.P., Van Veldhoven, P.P., Human pex19p binds peroxisomal integral membrane proteins at regions distinct from their sorting sequences (2001) Mol. Cell. Biol., 21, pp. 4413-4424; 
Sreerama, N., Venyaminov, S.Y., Woody, R.W., Estimation of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra: Inclusion of denatured proteins with native proteins in the analysis (2000) Anal. Biochem., 287, pp. 243-251; 
Vigano, C., Margolles, A., Van Veen, H.W., Konings, W.N., Ruysschaert, J.M., Secondary and tertiary structure changes of reconstituted LmrA induced by nucleotide binding or hydrolysis. a Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and tryptophan fluorescence quenching analysis (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275, pp. 10962-10967; 
Laurent, T.C., Killander, J., Theory of gel filtration + its experimental verification (1964) J. Chromatog., 14, pp. 217-230; 
},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {864 - 875},
	abstract = {Targeting of most newly synthesised peroxisomal matrix proteins to the organelle requires Pex5p, the so-called PTS1 receptor. According to current models of peroxisomal biogenesis, Pex5p interacts with these proteins in the cytosol, transports them to the peroxisomal membrane and catalyses their translocation across the membrane. Presently, our knowledge on the structural details behind the interaction of Pex5p with the cargo proteins is reasonably complete. In contrast, information regarding the structure of the Pex5p N-terminal half (a region containing its peroxisomal targeting domain) is still limited. We have recently observed that the Stokes radius of this Pex5p domain is anomalously large, suggesting that this portion of the protein is either a structured elongated domain or that it adopts a low compactness conformation. Here, we address this issue using a combination of biophysical and biochemical approaches. Our results indicate that the N-terminal half of Pex5p is best described as a natively unfolded pre-molten globule-like domain. The implications of these findings on the mechanism of protein import into the peroxisome are discussed. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Amino acids, amino terminal sequence, article, biogenesis, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, cell membrane, cell receptor, Chromatography, Gel, circular dichroism, cytosol, differential scanning calorimetry, human, Humans, infrared spectroscopy, matrix protein, Natively unfolded, Peroxisomal protein import, peroxisome, Pex5p, priority journal, Protein conformation, protein degradation, protein domain, protein folding, protein interaction, protein Pex5p, protein structure, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Structure, Tertiary, protein transport, pts1 receptor, PTS1-receptor, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, unclassified drug},
	isbn = {00222836 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-31344439778\&partnerID=40\&md5=f9fba113faa8d9af200ff33c457a7698},
	author = {Carvalho, A.F. and Costa-Rodrigues, J. and Correia, I. and Costa Pessoa, J. and Faria, T.Q. and Martins, C.L. and Fransen, M. and S{\'a}-Miranda, C. and Azevedo, J.E.}
}
@conference {2442,
	title = {Neural network classification: Maximizing zero-error density},
	booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceLect. Notes Comput. Sci.},
	series = {Third International Conference on Advances in Patten Recognition, ICAPR 2005},
	volume = {3686},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Conference code: 65875Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusLanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Silva, L.M.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Lab. de Sinai e Imagem Biom{\'e}dica, Campus da FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200 - 465 Porto, PortugalReferences: Erdogmus, D., Principe, J.C., An error-entropy minimization algorithm for supervised training of nonlinear adaptive systems (2002) IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 50 (7), pp. 1780-1786;Erdogmus, D., Principe, J., Generalized information potential criterion for adaptive system training (2002) IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 13 (5), pp. 1035~1044; 
Santos, J.M., Alexandre, L.A., Marques De S{\'a}, J., The error entropy minimization algorithm for neural network classification (2004) Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, , Nottingham, United Kingdom; 
Santos, J.M., Alexandre, L.A., De Sa, J.M., Optimization of the error entropy minimization algorithm for neural network classification (2004) Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, 14, pp. 81-86. , C. Dagli, A. Buczak, D. Enke, M. Embrechts, and O. Ersoy, editors, ASME Press Series; 
Silva, L.M., De Sa, J.M., Alexandre, L.A., Neural network classification using shannon{\textquoteright}s entropy (2005) European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks; 
Jacobs, R., Jordan, M., Nowlan, S., Hinton, G., Adaptive mixtures of local experts (1991) Neural Computation, 3, pp. 79-87; 
Blake, C.L., Merz, C.J., (1998) UCI Repository of Machine Learning Databases, , http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html, University of California, Irvine, Dept. of Information and Computer Sciences
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {127 - 135},
	address = {Bath},
	abstract = {We propose a new cost function for neural network classification: the error density at the origin. This method provides a simple objective function that can be easily plugged in the usual backpropagation algorithm, giving a simple and efficient learning scheme. Experimental work shows the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method when compared to the usual mean square error criteria in four well known datasets. {\textcopyright} Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Backpropagation, Backpropagation algorithm, Classification (of information), Costs, Error analysis, Function evaluation, Learning systems, Mean square error, Neural network classification, Neural networks, Zero-error density},
	isbn = {03029743 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27244450344\&partnerID=40\&md5=73ee3c0c073fb3bc7bc85013bf7dcce6},
	author = {Silva, L.M. and Alexandre, L.A. and De S{\'a}, J.M.},
	editor = {Singh S. and Singh M. and Apte C. and Perner P.}
}
@article {2457,
	title = {Neural networks trained with the EEM algorithm: Tuning the smoothing parameter},
	journal = {WSEAS Transactions on SystemsWSEAS Trans. Syst.},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 3Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusLanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Santos, J.M.; Intituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Porto, Portugal; email: jms@isep.ipp.ptReferences: Erdogmus, D., Principe, J., "An Error-Entropy Minimization Algorithm for Supervised Training of Nonlinear Adaptive Systems" (2002) Trans. On Signal Processing, 50 (7), pp. 1780-1786;Santos, J.M., Alexandre, L.A., Marques de S{\'a}, J., "The error entropy minimization algorithm for neural network classification" (2004) Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, pp. 92-97. , A. Lofti, Ed. Nottingham Trent University; 
Santos, J.M., Marques de S{\'a}, J., Alexandre, L.A., Sereno, F., "Optimization of the error entropy minimization algorithm for neural network classification" (2004) Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, 14, pp. 81-86. , C.H. Dagli, A.L. Buczak, D.L. Enke, M.J. Embrechts, and O. Ersoy, Eds., ASME Press; 
Erdogmus, D., Principe, J., "Entropy Minimization Algorithm for Neural Networks" (2001) Proceedings of the Intl. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks, pp. 3003-3008; 
Xu, D., Princpe, J., "Training mlps layer-by-layer with the information potential" (1999) Intl. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks, pp. 1716-1720; 
Silverman, B.W., (1986) Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analisys, 26. , Chapman \& Hall; 
Bowman, A.W., Azzalini, A., (1997) Applied Smooting Techniques for Data Analysis, , London: Oxford University Press; 
Jacobs, R., Jordan, M., Nowlan, S., Hinton, G., "Adaptive mixtures of local experts" (1991) Neural Computation, pp. 79-87
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {295 - 299},
	abstract = {The training of Neural Networks and particularly Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP{\textquoteright}s) is made by minimizing an error function usually known as "cost function". In our previous works, we apply the Error Entropy Minimization (EEM) algorithm in classification and its optimized version using, as cost function, the entropy of the errors between the outputs and the desired targets of the neural network. One of the difficulties in implementing the EEM algorithm is the choice of the smoothing parameter, also known as window size, in the Parzen Window probability density function estimation for the computation of the entropy and its gradient. We present here a formula yielding the value of the smoothing parameter, depending on the number of data samples and on the neural network output dimension. Several experiments with real data sets were made in order to show the validity of the proposed formula.},
	keywords = {Cost function, entropy, Error entropy minimization (EEM) algorithm, Learning algorithms, Learning systems, Neural networks, Optimization, Parzen, Probability density function, Smoothing parameter},
	isbn = {11092777 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-21844450579\&partnerID=40\&md5=31c652daee111a68194cd4f006d7ca7b},
	author = {Santos, J.M. and Marques de S{\'a}, J. and Alexandre, L.A.}
}
@book {2492,
	title = {New Method for the Incorporation of Soluble Bioactive Glasses to Reinforce Porous HA Structures},
	series = {Key Engineering MaterialsKey Eng Mat},
	volume = {254-256},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Conference code: 62053Cited By (since 1996): 3Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: KEMAELanguage of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Lemos, A.F.; Dept. of Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; email: ilemos@cv.ua.ptReferences: De Groot, K., (1983) Bioceramics of Calcium Phosphates, , CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL;Wilson, L.L., Hench, J., (1993) An Introduction to Bioceramics, , World Scientific, UK; 
Hench, L.L., (1998) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81, p. 1075; 
Kohri, M., Miki, K., Waite, D.E., Nakajima, H., Okabe, T., (1993) Biomaterials, 14, p. 299; 
Krivak, N., Tas, A.C., (1998) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81, p. 2245; 
Santos, J.D., Knowles, J.C., Reis, R.L., Monteiro, F.J., Hastings, G.W., (1994) Biomaterials, 15, p. 5; 
Lopes, M.A., Knowles, J.C., Santos, J.D., Monteiro, F.J., Olsen, I., (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 41, p. 649; 
Lemos, A.F., Santos, J.D., Ferreira, J.M.F., (2003) Advanced Materials Forum
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {1033 - 1036},
	address = {Porto},
	abstract = {The most widely used calcium-phosphate ceramic in clinical applications is hydroxyapatite, Ca                        10(PO
                        4)
                        6(OH)
                        2, however its dissolution rate in the human body after implantation is too low to achieve good results and it has poor mechanical properties. Recently, glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composites (GR-HA) have been developed, in order to improve the mechanical properties and to increase the similarity between implants and bone. The addition of a P
                        2O
                        5 based glass to a hydroxyapatite matrix, promotes the liquid phase sintering, improving the mechanical properties of the final bodies, and enabling the formation of two other calcium-phosphate phases, which have a higher dissolution rate, more compatible with bone regeneration. However, some of these glass compositions are soluble in water, making their incorporation in aqueous slurry impossible. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to study a new alternative method for the incorporation of soluble P
                        2O
                        5 based glass into macroporous structures obtained by different methods.
},
	keywords = {Bioactivation, Bioactive glass, Biocompatibility, Bone, Dissolution, glass, hydroxyapatite, Liquid phase sintering, Macroporous structures, Microstructure, Porous materials, Reinforced hydroxyapatite, Sintering, Slurries},
	isbn = {10139826 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0348145989\&partnerID=40\&md5=18598c198e7e03dbf785151b7033c392},
	author = {Lemos, A.F. and Santos, J.D. and Ferreira, J.M.F.},
	editor = {Barbosa M.A. and Monteiro F.J. and Correia R. and Leon B.}
}
@article {2529,
	title = {A novel urethane containing copolymer as a surface modification additive for blood contact materials},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in MedicineJ. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JSMMEdoi: 10.1023/A:1015789726455Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ji, J.; Department of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University, HangZhou 310027, China; email: jianji@mail.hz.zj.cnReferences: Elbert, D., Hubbell, J., (1996) Annu. Rev. Mater., p. 365;Munro, M., Quattrone, A., Ellsworth, S., Kulkarni, P., Eberhart, R., (1981) Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs., p. 499; 
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(2000) J. Colloid Interfac. Sci., 15, pp. 255-260; 
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},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {677 - 684},
	abstract = {Surface modification to develop a biomolecules-presenting surface is of interest, both from a scientific and an industrial point of view. In this research, a penta-block-coupling polymer of warfarin-PEO-MDI-PEO-warfarin was specially designed as the surface modifying additive (SMA). The warfarin-modified polyurethane surfaces were then prepared by dip-coating method. Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) spectra revealed that the urethane segments in the SMA could penetrate into the hard block of segmented polyurethane (SPU) via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds were strong enough to form stable warfarin-PEO composite surfaces in an aqueous environment. Fibrinogen and albumin adsorption onto unmodified and SMA-modified SPU was investigated by the                        125l-labeled method. The surface for attracting and reversibly binding albumin, which was proved to suppress the platelet adhesion and prolong the clotting time, has been developed by the simple coating of the novel SMA in SPU. {\textcopyright} 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
},
	keywords = {Adhesion, Adsorption, Albumin, article, Attenuation, biomaterial, Block copolymers, Blood, blood clotting time, Chemical modification, Coatings, copolymer, fibrinogen, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, human, human cell, hydrogen bond, Hydrogen bonds, infrared spectroscopy, iodine 125, material coating, Polyurethanes, priority journal, Surface modifying additives (SMA), surface property, Surface treatment, synthesis, thrombocyte adhesion, urethan, warfarin, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036308146\&partnerID=40\&md5=4767c8a335b26ea0390bc42ddbbaf6b1},
	author = {Ji, J. and Barbosa, M.A. and Feng, L. and Shen, J.}
}
@article {2578,
	title = {New starch-based thermoplastic hydrogels for use as bone cements or drug-delivery carriers},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in MedicineJ. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 67Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JSMMEdoi: 10.1023/A:1008944127971Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Reis, R.L.; INEB-Inst for Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Laboratory, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal; email: rgreis@fe.up.ptChemicals/CAS: acrylic acid, 10344-93-1, 79-10-7; alcohol, 64-17-5; benzoyl peroxide, 94-36-0; cellulose acetate, 9004-35-7; poly(methyl methacrylate), 39320-98-4, 9008-29-1; starch, 9005-25-8, 9005-84-9Tradenames: AA, Merck, Germany; BPO, Merck, Germany; Master-Bi Y101U, novamont, Italy; MMA, Merck, GermanyManufacturers: Merck, Germany; novamont, ItalyReferences: Peppas, N.A., Mikos, A.G., (1988) Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy-Fundamentals, 1, p. 1. , edited by N. A. Peppas CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL;Netti, P.A., Shelton, J.C., Revell, P.A., Pirie, C., Smith, S., Ambrosio, L., Nicolais, L., Bonfield, W., (1993) Biomaterials, 14, p. 1098; 
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Mack, E.J., Okano, T., Kim, S.W., (1988) Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy-Polymers, 2, p. 65. , edited by N. A. Peppas CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 
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},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {825 - 833},
	abstract = {The development of new biodegradable hydrogels, based on corn starch/cellulose acetate blends, produced by free-radical polymerization with methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) and/or an acrylic acid monomer (AA), is reported. The polymerization was initiated by a redox system consisting of a benzoyl peroxide and 4-dimethlyaminobenzyl alcohol at low temperature. These hydrogels may constitute an alternative to the materials currently used as bone cements or drug-delivery carriers. Swelling studies were carried out, as a function of pH and temperature, in buffered solutions. The xerogels were further characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Tensile and compression tests, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were used to assess the mechanical performance of the developed materials. The fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The developed materials are sensitive to the pH, showing a clear reversible transition in a relatively narrow interval of pH, which is just in the range of physiological conditions. These properties make the materials developed in this study very promising for biomedical applications. Fickian-type diffusion is the mechanism predominant in these systems, except for the composition with a higher concentration of AA, that corresponds to the most desirable kinetical behavior for controlled release (case II-transport mechanism). Furthermore, the results obtained in the mechanical tests are in the range of those reported for typical PMMA bone cements, showing that it is possible to develop partially degradable cements with an adequate mechanical behavior.},
	keywords = {acrylic acid, alcohol, article, benzoyl peroxide, Biodegradation, bone cement, buffer, cellulose acetate, compression, Diffusion, drug delivery system, dynamics, fracture, free radical, hydrogel, infrared spectroscopy, Kinetics, low temperature, mechanical stress, oxidation reduction reaction, pH, poly(methyl methacrylate), Polymerization, priority journal, Scanning electron microscopy, Starch, tensile strength, Thermal analysis},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032424837\&partnerID=40\&md5=b06120f87bacd9ba817763d9e06da3ca},
	author = {Pereira, C.S. and Cunha, A.M. and Reis, R.L. and V{\'a}zquez, B. and San Rom{\'a}n, J.}
}
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},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {422 - 426},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of nickel, which is an alloying element in commonly used metallic biomaterials, on the biomaterials mineralization process. An electrochemical method was developed to quantify this metal ion in osteoblast-like cell culture medium (OST) by performing adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) at a mercury film microelectrode (MFM). The optimized analytical conditions and the square-wave CSV parameters for the analysis are: DMG concentration: 5.00 {\texttimes} 10},
	keywords = {Cell culture medium, Mercury film microelectrode, Nickel},
	isbn = {10400397 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0010434908\&partnerID=40\&md5=2547683b89d88a2385cea47a77bed5e8},
	author = {Morais, S. and Carvalho, G.S. and Sousa, J.P.}
}
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},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {150 - 154},
	abstract = {Mercury film microelectrodes (MFMs) were used to quantify trace levels of nickel accumulated in mice organs samples after dosing the mice with a physiological solution containing 150 ppm of Ni ions over a period of time, by performing adsorptive cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry (AdSWV). The residues obtained after digestion of the biological organs with nitric acid which affects the electrochemical response of Ni were investigated by XRD and IR spectrometry and found to be mainly composed by p-nitrobenzoic acid. Electrochemical conditions for the quantification of Niwith MFMs in the biological solutions were optimized. The electrochemical data compared favorably with that obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.},
	keywords = {Adsorptive stripping voltammetry, Mice organs, Microelectrodes, Nickel},
	isbn = {10400397 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000122410\&partnerID=40\&md5=634a3532a71c048970c98a2652cca21b},
	author = {Pereira, M.C. and Faria, J.L. and Reis, M.L. and Sousa, J.P.}
}
