



@article {3272,
	title = {Cellular strategies to promote vascularisation in tissue engineering applications},
	journal = {European Cells and Materials},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {51 - 67},
	abstract = {Vascularisation is considered to be one of the greatest challenges in tissue engineering. Different strategies exist but cell-based approaches have emerged as a promising therapy to achieve successful vascularisation. The use of endothelial cells to engineer vascularised tissues has been extensively investigated. This field of research has evolved with the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells, a subpopulation with a high regenerative potential. However, the survival of endothelial cell populations alone seems to be impaired. To overcome this problem, co-culture systems, involving supporting cells, like mural cells, fibroblasts, or more tissue-specific cells have been developed. Endothelial cells benefit from the extracellular matrix components and growth factors produced by the supporting cells, which results in neovessel stabilisation and maturation. The use of endothelial progenitor cells in co-culture systems appears to be a promising strategy to promote vascularisation in approaches of increasing complexity. Herein, the authors provide an overview of the cellular strategies that can be used for increasing vascularisation in tissue engineering and regeneration.},
	keywords = {angiogenesis, Cellular therapies, Co-culture models, Endothelial progenitor cells, Regeneration},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904957526\&partnerID=40\&md5=dbd4f3056e55c7dc52bc526ea7eb7d69},
	author = {Costa-Almeida, R. and Granja, P.L. and Soares, R. and Guerreiro, S.G.}
}
@article {3298,
	title = {Effect of cell density on mesenchymal stem cells aggregation in RGD-alginate 3D matrices under osteoinductive conditions},
	journal = {Macromolecular Bioscience},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {759 - 771},
	abstract = {Cellular activities in 3D are differentially affected by several matrix-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study highlights the relevance of optimizing initial cell densities when establishing 3D cultures for specific applications. Independently of the entrapping density, MSCs cultured within RGD-alginate hydrogels showed steady-state levels of metabolic activity and were in a nearly non-proliferative state, but recovered "normal" activity levels when retrieved from 3D matrices and re-cultured as monolayers. Importantly, high-densities promoted the establishment of cell-cell contacts with formation of multicellular clusters stabilized by endogenous ECM, and also stimulated MSCs osteogenic differentiation. These MSC-ECM microtissues may be used as building blocks for tissue engineering. {\textcopyright} 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH \& Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
	keywords = {alginate hydrogels, encapsulation, Self-assembly, Tissue engineering},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902536382\&partnerID=40\&md5=d6659c40247c561753aca566f938d788},
	author = {Maia, F.R. and Louren{\c c}o, A.H. and Granja, P.L. and Gon{\c c}alves, R.M. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {3296,
	title = {Hydrogel depots for local co-delivery of osteoinductive peptides and mesenchymal stem cells},
	journal = {Journal of Controlled Release},
	volume = {189},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {158 - 168},
	abstract = {The outcome of cell-based therapies can benefit from carefully designed cell carriers. A multifunctional injectable vehicle for the co-delivery of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteoinductive peptides is proposed, to specifically direct hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) inspired the design of two peptides, where the bioactive portion of OGP was flanked by a protease-sensitive linker, or its scrambled sequence, to provide faster and slower release rates, respectively. Peptides were fully characterized and chemically grafted to alginate. Both OGP analogs released bioactive fragments in vitro, at different kinetics, which stimulated hMSCs proliferation and osteogenesis. hMSCs-laden OGP-alginate hydrogels were tested at an ectopic site in a xenograft mouse model. After 4 weeks, OGP-alginate hydrogels were more degraded and colonized by vascularized connective tissue than the control (without OGP). hMSCs were able to proliferate, migrate outward the hydrogels, produce endogenous extracellular matrix and mineralize it. Moreover, OGP-groups stimulated hMSCs osteogenesis, as compared with the control. Overall, the ability of the proposed platform to direct the fate of transplanted hMSCs in loco was demonstrated, and OGP-releasing hydrogels emerged as a potentially useful system to promote bone regeneration. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Bone Regeneration, Co-delivery systems, Guided differentiation, Injectable alginate hydrogels, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Osteoinductive peptides},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904318888\&partnerID=40\&md5=5f671d3584c3b7fc785ffaf40c2f0b1d},
	author = {Maia, F.R. and Barbosa, M. and Gomes, D.B. and Vale, N. and Gomes, P. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {3264,
	title = {The impact of nanoparticles on the mucosal translocation and transport of GLP-1 across the intestinal epithelium},
	journal = {Biomaterials},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {9199 - 9207},
	abstract = {Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that is in the pipeline for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapy. However, oral administration of GLP-1 is hindered by the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and poor bioavailability. In this study, three nanosystems composed by three different biomaterials (poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymer (PLGA), Witepsol E85 lipid (solid lipid nanoparticles, SLN) and porous silicon (PSi) were developed and loaded with GLP-1 to study their permeability invitro. All the nanoparticles presented a size of approximately 200nm. The nanoparticles{\textquoteright} interaction with the mucus and the intestinal cells were enhanced after coating with chitosan (CS). PSi nanosystems presented the best association efficiency (AE) and loading degree (LD), even though a high AE was also observed for PLGA nanoparticles and SLN. Among all the nanosystems, PLGA and PSi were the only nanoparticles able to sustain the release of GLP-1 in biological fluids when coated with CS. This characteristic was also maintained when the nanosystems were in contact with the intestinal Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cell monolayers. The CS-coated PSi nanoparticles showed the highest GLP-1 permeation across the intestinal invitro models. In conclusion, PLGA+CS and PSi+CS are promising nanocarriers for the oral delivery of GLP-1. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {chitosan, Diabetes, Glucagon like peptide-1, nanoparticles, Oral delivery systems, Triple co-culture},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906788144\&partnerID=40\&md5=38c557a51eb271561ef59bfe12421842},
	author = {Ara{\'u}jo, F. and Shrestha, N. and Shahbazi, M.-A. and Fonte, P. and M{\"a}kil{\"a}, E.M. and Salonen, J.J. and Hirvonen, J.T. and Granja, P.L. and Santos, H.A. and Sarmento, B.}
}
@article {3268,
	title = {Influence of the stiffness of three-dimensional alginate/collagen-I interpenetrating networks on fibroblast biology},
	journal = {Biomaterials},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {8927 - 8936},
	abstract = {Wound dressing biomaterials are increasingly being designed to incorporate bioactive molecules to promote healing, but the impact of matrix mechanical properties on the biology of resident cells orchestrating skin repair and regeneration remains to be fully understood. This study investigated whether tuning the stiffness of a model wound dressing biomaterial could control the behavior of dermal fibroblasts. Fully interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of collagen-I and alginate were fabricated to enable gel stiffness to be tuned independently of gel architecture, polymer concentration or adhesion ligand density. Three-dimensional cultures of dermal fibroblasts encapsulated within matrices of different stiffness were shown to promote dramatically different cell morphologies, and enhanced stiffness resulted in upregulation of key-mediators of inflammation such as IL-10 and COX-2. These findings suggest that simply modulating the matrix mechanical properties of a given wound dressing biomaterial deposited at the wound site could regulate the progression of wound healing. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {ECM (extracellular matrix), Inflammation, Interpenetrating networks (IPNs), Mechanical properties, Wound dressing biomaterial, Wound healing},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905723265\&partnerID=40\&md5=dc192cf150d9176075beca26ae5ded3f},
	author = {Branco da Cunha, C. and Klumpers, D.D. and Li, W.A. and Koshy, S.T. and Weaver, J.C. and Chaudhuri, O. and Granja, P.L. and Mooney, D.J.}
}
@article {3266,
	title = {Injectable alginate hydrogels for cell delivery in tissue engineering},
	journal = {Acta Biomaterialia},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {1646 - 1662},
	abstract = {Alginate hydrogels are extremely versatile and adaptable biomaterials, with great potential for use in biomedical applications. Their extracellular matrix-like features have been key factors for their choice as vehicles for cell delivery strategies aimed at tissue regeneration. A variety of strategies to decorate them with biofunctional moieties and to modulate their biophysical properties have been developed recently, which further allow their tailoring to the desired application. Additionally, their potential use as injectable materials offers several advantages over preformed scaffold-based approaches, namely: Easy incorporation of therapeutic agents, such as cells, under mild conditions; minimally invasive local delivery; and high contourability, which is essential for filling in irregular defects. Alginate hydrogels have already been explored as cell delivery systems to enhance regeneration in different tissues and organs. Here, the in vitro and in vivo potential of injectable alginate hydrogels to deliver cells in a targeted fashion is reviewed. In each example, the selected crosslinking approach, the cell type, the target tissue and the main findings of the study are highlighted. {\textcopyright} 2013 Acta Materialia Inc.},
	keywords = {Alginate, Cell delivery, Injectable, Regeneration, Tissue engineering},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896403229\&partnerID=40\&md5=fd56573baeefa91edfc45ba61cf0573a},
	author = {Bidarra, S.J. and Barrias, C.C. and Granja, P.L.}
}
@article {3280,
	title = {Injectable MMP-sensitive alginate hydrogels as hMSC delivery systems},
	journal = {Biomacromolecules},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):3Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {380 - 390},
	abstract = {Hydrogels with the potential to provide minimally invasive cell delivery represent a powerful tool for tissue-regeneration therapies. In this context, entrapped cells should be able to escape the matrix becoming more available to actively participate in the healing process. Here, we analyzed the performance of proteolytically degradable alginate hydrogels as vehicles for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) transplantation. Alginate was modified with the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive peptide Pro-Val-Gly-Leu-Iso-Gly (PVGLIG), which did not promote dendritic cell maturation in vitro, neither free nor conjugated to alginate chains, indicating low immunogenicity. hMSC were entrapped within MMP-sensitive and MMP-insensitive alginate hydrogels, both containing cell-adhesion RGD peptides. Softer (2 wt \% alginate) and stiffer (4 wt \% alginate) matrices were tested. When embedded in a Matrigel layer, hMSC-laden MMP-sensitive alginate hydrogels promoted more extensive outward cell migration and invasion into the tissue mimic. In vivo, after 4 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in a xenograft mouse model, hMSC-laden MMP-sensitive alginate hydrogels showed higher degradation and host tissue invasion than their MMP-insensitive equivalents. In both cases, softer matrices degraded faster than stiffer ones. The transplanted hMSC were able to produce their own collagenous extracellular matrix, and were located not only inside the hydrogels, but also outside, integrated in the host tissue. In summary, injectable MMP-sensitive alginate hydrogels can act as localized depots of cells and confer protection to transplanted cells while facilitating tissue regeneration. {\textcopyright} 2013 American Chemical Society.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892606344\&partnerID=40\&md5=835c11a6460fa62bc6da4a189fd06b25},
	author = {Fonseca, K.B. and Gomes, D.B. and Lee, K. and Santos, S.G. and Sousa, A. and Silva, E.A. and Mooney, D.J. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {3302,
	title = {Injectable pectin hydrogels produced by internal gelation: PH dependence of gelling and rheological properties},
	journal = {Carbohydrate Polymers},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):5Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {339 - 347},
	abstract = {The production of injectable pectin hydrogels by internal gelation with calcium carbonate is proposed. The pH of pectin was increased with NaOH or NaHCO3 to reach physiological values. The determination of the equivalence point provided evidence that the pH can be more precisely modulated with NaHCO3 than with NaOH. Degradation and inability to gel was observed for pectin solutions with pH 5.35 or higher. Therefore, pectin solutions with pH values varying from 3.2 (native pH) to 3.8 were chosen to produce the gels. The increase of the pH for the crosslinked hydrogels, as well as the reduction of the gelling time and their thickening, was dependent upon the amount of calcium carbonate, as confirmed by rheology. Hydrogel extracts were not cytotoxic for L-929 fibroblasts. On the overall, the investigated formulations represent interesting injectable systems providing an adequate microenvironment for cell, drug or bioactive molecules delivery. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {Biomaterials, Internal gelation, Natural polymers, pectin, Tissue engineering},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892575017\&partnerID=40\&md5=91c88ab2cf99ad8c279d1253e930ef01},
	author = {Moreira, H.R. and Munarin, F. and Gentilini, R. and Visai, L. and Granja, P.L. and Tanzi, M.C. and Petrini, P.}
}
@article {3297,
	title = {Matrix-driven formation of mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular matrix microtissues on soft alginate hydrogels},
	journal = {Acta Biomaterialia},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {3197 - 3208},
	abstract = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be made to rearrange into microtissues in response to specific matrix cues, a process that depends on a balance between cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. The effect of such cues, and especially their interplay, is still not fully understood, particularly in three-dimensional (3-D) systems. Here, the behaviour of human MSCs cultured within hydrogel matrices with tailored stiffness and composition was evaluated. MSC aggregation occurred only in more compliant matrices (G' <= 120 Pa), when compared to stiffer ones, both in the presence and in the absence of matrix-bound arginine-glycine-aspartic acid cell-adhesion ligands (RGD; 0, 100 and 200 μM). Fibronectin assembly stabilized cell-cell contacts within aggregates, even in non-adhesive matrices. However, MSCs were able to substantially contract the artificial matrix only when RGD was present. Moreover, compliant matrices facilitated cell proliferation and provided an environment conducive for MSC osteogenic differentiation, even without RGD. Cell interactions with the original matrix became less important as time progressed, while the de novo-produced extracellular matrix became a more critical determinant of cell fate. These data provide further insights into the mechanisms by which MSCs sense their microenvironment to organize into tissues, and provide new clues to the design of cell-instructive 3-D matrices. {\textcopyright} 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.},
	keywords = {cell aggregation, Cell traction, Cell-matrix interactions, Hydrogels, Viscoelastic properties},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901785690\&partnerID=40\&md5=3d3a11adce17a7f1be2a2bb5d4e51089},
	author = {Maia, F.R. and Fonseca, K.B. and Rodrigues, G. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {3291,
	title = {Neonatal human dermal fibroblasts immobilized in RGD-alginate induce angiogenesis},
	journal = {Cell Transplantation},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {945 - 957},
	abstract = {Promoting angiogenesis in a damaged tissue is a major challenge for tissue regeneration. Recent findings in tissue engineering suggest that fibroblasts (FBs) play an important role in orchestrating the angiogenic process. Fibroblasts maintain the structural integrity of connective tissue by continuously secreting growth factors and extracellular matrix precursors, which are essential for endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and spreading, thus playing a crucial role in angiogenesis. We hypothesized that FBs immobilized in alginate gels grafted with the RGD peptidic sequence could influence the recruitment of ECs to improve vascularization. In this work, the modulation of immobilized human FBs within the 3D synthetic extracellular matrix was assessed. Experiments using cocultures of ECs and FBs in indirect contact as well as angiogenic assays were performed to assess the influence of FBs immobilized in RGD-alginate in ECs{\textquoteright} viability, stabilization, sprouting, and assembly into capillary-like structures. This study demonstrates the ability of FBs immobilized within RGD-alginate microspheres to modulate and support capillary-like structures{\textquoteright} assembly. These findings indicate that the microenvironment created by these stromal cells in the scaffold modulates capillary morphogenesis, thus stimulating angiogenesis in situ and can potentially be used in regenerative medicine in clinical scenarios where vascularization is essential. {\textcopyright} 2014 Cognizant Comm. Corp.},
	keywords = {Alginate, angiogenesis, Endothelial cells (ECs), Fibroblasts (FBs), RGD peptide: Injectable biomaterials},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905231059\&partnerID=40\&md5=8ca92aea469585cbf168cb6fbad9d3ad},
	author = {Guerreiro, S.G. and Oliveira, M.J. and Barbosa, M.A. and Soares, R. and Granja, P.L.}
}
@article {3327,
	title = {Role of protein environment and bioactive polymer grafting in the S. epidermidis response to titanium alloy for biomedical applications},
	journal = {Materials Science and Engineering C},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {176 - 183},
	abstract = {Joint implant-related infections, namely by Staphylococci, are a worldwide problem, whose consequences are dramatic. Various methods are studied to fight against these infections. Here, the proposed solution consists in grafting a bioactive polymer on joint implant surfaces in order to allow the control of the interactions with the living system. In this study, sodium styrene sulfonate, bearing sulfonate groups, was grafted on the surface of titanium alloys. Scanning Electron Microscopy, colorimetric method, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurements were applied to characterize the surfaces. Bacterial adhesion studies were studied on poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) grafted Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V surfaces previously adsorbed by proteins involved in the bacteria adhesion process. Fibrinogen and fibronectin were demonstrated to increase staphylococcal adhesion on Ti6Al4V surfaces. Ti6Al4V grafted sodium styrene sulfonate surfaces inhibited the adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis in 37\% and 13\% on pre-adsorbed surfaces with fibrinogen and fibronectin, respectively. The mechanism of the observed inhibiting bacteria adhesion properties is related to the differences of proteic conformations induced by poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) grafting.},
	keywords = {Bacterial adhesion, Bioactive polymer, Poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (polyNaSS), Protein adsorption, Surface modification, Titanium alloy},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907482809\&partnerID=40\&md5=21d4fdd30e05852f6b8ce9a0dcf846cf},
	author = {Vasconcelos, D.M. and Falentin-Daudr{\'e}, C. and Blanquaert, D. and Thomas, D. and Granja, P.L. and Migonney, V.}
}
@article {2871,
	title = {Advanced biofabrication strategies for skin regeneration and repair},
	journal = {Nanomedicine},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):3Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {603 - 621},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875943184\&partnerID=40\&md5=6ad3f1ffd0f6a7e567b16f0fd9b31121},
	author = {Pereira, R.F. and Barrias, C.C. and Granja, P.L. and Bartolo, P.J.}
}
@article {2876,
	title = {Enzymatic, physicochemical and biological properties of MMP-sensitive alginate hydrogels},
	journal = {Soft Matter},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {3283 - 3292},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874428389\&partnerID=40\&md5=39d83a72fc608cc7f1c875e612421ff5},
	author = {Fonseca, K.B. and Maia, F.R. and Cruz, F.A. and Andrade, D. and Juliano, M.A. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {2838,
	title = {Functionalization of biomaterials with small osteoinductive moieties},
	journal = {Acta Biomaterialia},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Export Date: 12 December 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2013///},
	pages = {8773 - 8789},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84885024380\&partnerID=40\&md5=a9ee12bc1c5789cd64861fd8201fc645},
	author = {Maia, F.R. and Bidarra, S.J. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {2220,
	title = {Friction and wear behaviour of bacterial cellulose against articular cartilage},
	journal = {WearWear},
	volume = {271},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: WEARAdoi: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.12.042Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Gomes, J.R.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Guimar{\~a}es, Portugal; email: jgomes@dem.uminho.ptReferences: Klemm, D., Schumann, D., Udhardt, U., Marsch, S., Bacterial synthesized cellulose-artificial blood vessels for microsurgery (2001) Prog. Polym. Sci., 26 (9), pp. 1561-1603;Vandamme, E.J., De Baets, S., Vanbaelen, A., Joris, K., De Wulf, P., Improved production of bacterial cellulose and its application potential (1998) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 59, pp. 93-99; 
Czaja, W., Krystynowicza, A., Bieleckia, S., Brown, R.M., Microbial cellulose - the natural power to heal wounds (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 145-151; 
Mow, V.C., Ateshian, G.A., Lubrication and wear of diarthrodial joints (1997) Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics, pp. 275-315. , Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, USA, V.C. Mow, W.C. Hayes (Eds.); 
Walker, P.S., Blunn, G.W., Biomechanical principles of total knee replacement design (1997) Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics, pp. 461-493. , Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, USA, V.C. Mow, W.C. Hayes (Eds.); 
Mankin, H.J., The response of articular cartilage to mechanical injury (1982) J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 64, pp. 460-466; 
Bray, J., Merrill, E., Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for synthetic articular cartilage materials (1973) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 7, pp. 431-443; 
Kobayashi, M., A study of polyvinyl alcohol-hydrogel (PVA-H) artificial meniscus in vivo (2004) Bio-med. Mater. Eng., 14 (4), pp. 505-515; 
Kobayashi, M., Chang, Y.S., Oka, M., A two year in vivo study of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA-H) artificial meniscus (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (16), pp. 3243-3248; 
Covert, R.J., Ott, R.D., Ku, D.N., Friction characteristics of a potential articular cartilage biomaterial (2003) Wear, 255, pp. 1064-1068; 
Ushio, K., Oka, M., Hyon, S.H., Hayami, T., Yura, S., Matsumura, K., Toguchida, J., Nakamura, T., Attachment of artificial cartilage to underlying bone (2004) J. Biomed. Mater. Res.: Part B - Appl. Biomater., 68 (1), pp. 59-68; 
Bodugoz-Senturk, H., Macias, C., Kung, J.H., Muratoglu, O., Poly(vinyl alcohol) - acrylamide hydrogels as load-bearing cartilage substitute (2009) Biomaterials, 30 (4), pp. 589-596; 
Bavaresco, V.P., Zavaglia, C.A.C., Reis, M.C., Gomes, J.R., Study on the tribological properties of pHEMA hydrogels for use in artificial articular cartilage (2008) Wear, 265, pp. 269-277; 
Dubois, M., Gilles, D.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., Smith, F., Colorimetric method for the determination of sugars and related substances (1956) Anal. Chem., 28, pp. 350-356; 
Clasen, C., Sultanova, B., Wilhelms, T., Heisig, P., Kulicke, W.-M., Effects of different drying processes on the material properties of bacterial cellulose membranes (2006) Macromol. Symp., 244, pp. 48-58; 
Iguchi, M., Yamanaka, S., Budhiono, A., Bacterial cellulose - a masterpiece of nature{\textquoteright}s arts (2000) J. Mater. Sci., 35 (2), pp. 261-270; 
Wolfgang, G., Keckes, J., Tensile properties of cellulose acetate butyrate composites reinforced with bacterial cellulose (2000) Compos. Sci. Technol., 64 (15), pp. 2407-2413; 
Saarakkala, S., Laasanen, M.S., Jurvelin, J.S., Toyras, J., Quantitative ultrasound imaging detects degenerative changes in articular cartilage surface and subchondral bone (2006) Phys. Med. Biol., 51, pp. 5333-5346; 
Jurvelin, J.S., Muller, D.J., Wong, M., Studer, D., Engel, A., Hunziker, E.B., Surface and subsurface morphology of bovine humeral articular cartilage as assessed by atomic force and transmission electron microscopy (1996) J. Struct. Biol., 117, pp. 45-54; 
Crockett, R., Roos, S., Rossbach, P., Dora, C., Born, W., Troxler, H., Imaging of the surface of human and bovine articular cartilage with ESEM and AFM (2005) Tribol. Lett., 19 (4), pp. 311-317; 
Udofia, J.J., Jin, Z.M., Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of metal-on-metal hip-resurfacing prostheses (2003) J. Biomech., 36, pp. 537-544; 
Pan, Y., Xiong, D., Friction properties of nano-hydroxyapatite reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) gel composites as an articular cartilage (2009) Wear, 266, pp. 699-703; 
Merkher, Y., Sivan, S., Etsion, I., Maroudas, A., Halperin, G., Yosef, A., A rational human joint friction test using a human cartilage-on-cartilage arrangement (2006) Tribol. Lett., 22 (1), pp. 29-36; 
Zanoria, E., Danyluk, S., McNallan, M., Effects of length, diameter and population density of tribological rolls on friction between self-mated silicon (1995) Wear, 181, pp. 784-789
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {2328 - 2333},
	abstract = {Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural and biocompatible material with unique properties, such as high water holding capacity, ultra-fine fibre network and high strength that makes it an attractive material for the repair of articular cartilage lesions. However, data on the tribological properties of BC is very scarce, particularly if natural articular cartilage is involved in the contact. In this work, unmodified BC pellicles were grown from Gluconacetobacter xylinus in order to be used as tribological samples against bovine articular cartilage (BAC) in the presence of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The tribological assessment of the sliding pairs was accomplished using reciprocating pin-on-flat tests at 37{\textdegree}C. The reciprocating sliding frequency and stroke length were kept constant at 1Hz and 8mm, respectively. Contact pressures ranging from 0.80 to 2.40MPa were applied. The friction coefficient evolution was continuously monitored during the tests and the release of total carbohydrates into the lubricating solution was followed by means of the phenol-H                        2SO
                        4 method as an attempt to evaluate wear losses. The morphology of worn surfaces was characterized by SEM/EDS and the main wear mechanisms were identified. Low friction coefficient values (\~{}0.05) combined with the preservation of the mating surfaces (BC and BAC) indicate the potential of BC to be used as artificial cartilage for articular joints. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier B.V.
},
	keywords = {Articular cartilage, Articular cartilages, Articular joints, Artificial cartilages, Bacterial cellulose, Bacteriology, Biocompatible Materials, Biological materials, Biotribology, Bovine articular cartilage, Carbohydrates, Cartilage, Cellulose, Contact pressures, Fibre network, Friction, Friction and wear, Friction coefficients, Gluconacetobacter xylinus, High strength, High water, Low friction coefficients, Mating surfaces, Phenols, Phosphate-buffered salines, Pin-on-flat, Reciprocating sliding, SEM/EDS, Stroke length, Total carbohydrates, Tribological properties, Tribology, Wear, Wear loss, Wear mechanisms, Worn surface},
	isbn = {00431648 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960657605\&partnerID=40\&md5=70f685f10e794e0146dfcea106d860e3},
	author = {Lopes, J.L. and Machado, J.M. and Castanheira, L. and Granja, P.L. and Gama, F.M. and Dourado, F. and Gomes, J.R.}
}
@article {2240,
	title = {Gene delivery into mesenchymal stem cells: A biomimetic approach using rgd nanoclusters based on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers},
	journal = {BiomacromoleculesBiomacromolecules},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 10Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BOMAFdoi: 10.1021/bm1012647PubMed ID: 21210673Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Tom{\'a}s, H.; CQM-Centro de Qu{\'\i}mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; email: lenat@uma.ptChemicals/CAS: arginylglycylaspartic acid, 99896-85-2; firefly luciferase, 61970-00-1; Dendrimers; Oligopeptides; Poly(amidoamine); Polyamines; arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid, 99896-85-2References: Pierschbacher, M.D., Ruoslahti, E., (1984) Nature, 309, pp. 30-33;Ruoslahti, E., (1996) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 12, pp. 697-715; 
Schaffn, P., Dard, M.M., (2003) Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 60, pp. 119-132; 
Arosio, D., Manzoni, L., Araldi, E.M.V., Caprini, A., Monferini, E., Scolastico, C., (2009) Bioconjugate Chem., 20, pp. 1611-1617; 
Cai, W., Chen, X., (2008) Nat. Protoc., 3, pp. 89-96; 
Cai, W., Wu, Y., Chen, K., Cao, Q., Tice, D.A., Chen, X., (2006) Cancer Res., 66, pp. 9673-9681; 
Gaillard, C., Cellot, G., Li, S., Toma, F.M., Dumortier, H., Spalluto, G., Cacciari, B., Bianco, A., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 1-6; 
Green, J.J., Chiu, E., Leshchiner, E.S., Shi, J., Langer, R., Anderson, D.G., (2007) Nano Lett., 7, pp. 874-879; 
Hwang, D.S., Sim, S.B., Cha, H.J., (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 4039-4046; 
Irvine, D.J., Mayes, A.M., Griffith, L.G., (2001) Biomacromolecules, 2, pp. 85-94; 
Kong, H.J., Hsiong, S., Mooney, D.J., (2007) Nano Lett., 7, pp. 161-166; 
Lesniak, W.G., Kariapper, M.S., Nair, B.M., Tan, W., Hutson, A., Balogh, L.P., Khan, M.K., (2007) Bioconjugate Chem., 18, pp. 1148-1154; 
Ng, Q.K., Sutton, M.K., Soonsawad, P., Xing, L., Cheng, H., Segura, T., (2009) Mol. Ther., 17, pp. 828-836; 
Suk, J.S., Suh, J., Choy, K., Lai, S.K., Fu, J., Hanes, J., (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 5143-5150; 
Sun, Y.X., Zeng, X., Meng, Q.F., Zhang, X.Z., Cheng, S.X., Zhuo, R.X., (2008) Biomaterials, 29, pp. 4356-4365; 
Yang, H., Kao, W.J., (2007) Int. J. Nanomed., 2, pp. 89-99; 
Yoshimoto, M., Ogawa, K., Washiyama, K., Shikano, N., Mori, H., Amano, R., Kawai, K., (2008) Int. J. Cancer, 123, pp. 709-715; 
Bidarra, S.J., Barrias, C.C., Barbosa, M.A., Soares, R., Granja, P.L., (2010) Biomacromolecules, 11, pp. 1956-1964; 
Grellier, M., Granja, P.L., Fricain, J.-C., Bidarra, S.J., Renard, M., Bareille, R., Bourget, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2009) Biomaterials, 30, pp. 3271-8; 
Evangelista, M.B., Hsiong, S., Fernandes, R., Sampaio, P., Kong, H.J., Barrias, C.C., Salema, R., Granja, P.L., (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 3644-55; 
Alsberg, E., Anderson, K.W., Albeiruti, A., Franceschi, R.T., Mooney, D.J., (2001) J. Dental Res., 80, pp. 2025-9; 
Rowley, J.A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D.J., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 45-53; 
Hynes, R.O., (2002) Cell, 110, pp. 673-687; 
Qin, J., Vinogradova, O., Plow, E.F., (2004) PLoS Biol., 2, pp. e169; 
Medina-Kauwe, L.K., (2003) Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 55, pp. 1485-1496; 
Stewart, P.L., Chiu, C.Y., Huang, S., Muir, T., Zhao, Y., Chait, B., Mathias, P., Nemerow, G.R., (1997) EMBO J., 16, pp. 1189-1198; 
Duf{\`e}s, C., Uchegbu, I.F., Sch{\"a}tzlein, A.G., (2005) Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 57, pp. 2177-2202; 
Mintzer, M.A., Simanek, E.E., (2009) Chem. Rev., 109, pp. 259-302; 
Smith, D.K., (2008) Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 8, pp. 1187-1203; 
Svenson, S., Tomalia, D.A., (2005) Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 57, pp. 2106-2129; 
Dennig, J., Duncan, E., (2002) J. Biotechnol., 90, pp. 339-347; 
Sokolova, V.V., Radtke, I., Heumann, R., Epple, M., (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 3147-3153; 
Kukowska-Latallo, J.F., Bielinska, A.U., Johnson, J., Spindler, R., Tomalia, D.A., Baker Jr., J.R., (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 93, pp. 4897-4902; 
Santos, J.L., Oramas, E., P{\^e}go, A.P., Granja, P.L., Tom{\'a}s, H., (2009) J. Controlled Release, 134, pp. 141-148; 
Prockop, D.J., (2009) Mol. Ther., 17, pp. 939-946; 
V{\"a}{\"a}n{\"a}nen, H.K., (2005) Ann. Med., 37, pp. 469-479; 
Gronthos, S., Simmons, P.J., Graves, S.E., Robey, P.G., (2001) Bone, 28, pp. 174-181; 
Snyder, S.L., Sobocinski, P.Z., (1975) Anal. Biochem., 64, pp. 284-288; 
Haensler, J., Szoka Jr., F.C., (1993) Bioconjugate Chem, 4, pp. 372-379; 
Smith, P.K., Krohn, R.I., Hermanson, G.T., Mallia, A.K., Gartner, F.H., Provenzano, M.D., Fujimoto, E.K., Klenk, D.C., (1985) Anal. Biochem., 150, pp. 76-85; 
Perrot, S., Dutertre-Catella, H., Martin, C., Rat, P., Warnet, J.M., (2003) Toxicol. Sci., 72, pp. 122-129; 
Hosseinkhani, H., Yamamoto, M., Inatsugu, Y., Hiraoka, Y., Inoue, S., Shimokawa, H., Tabata, Y., (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 1387-1398; 
Zhang, S., Li, J., Lykotrafitis, G., Bao, G., Suresh, S., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 419-424; 
Tang, M.X., Szoka, F.C., (1997) Gene Ther., 4, pp. 823-32; 
Santos, J.L., Pandita, D., Rodrigues, J., P{\^e}go, A.P., Granja, P.L., Balian, G., Tom{\'a}s, H., (2010) Mol. Pharm., 7, pp. 763-774; 
Santos, J.L., Oliveira, H., Pandita, D., Rodrigues, J., P{\^e}go, A.P., Granja, P.L., Tom{\'a}s, H., (2010) J. Controlled Release, 144, pp. 55-64; 
Kunath, K., Merdan, T., Hegener, O., H{\"a}berlein, H., Kissel, T., (2003) J. Gene Med., 5, pp. 588-599; 
Lechardeur, D., Verkman, A.S., Lukacs, G.L., (2005) Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 57, pp. 755-767; 
Ryoo, H.M., Lee, M.H., Kim, Y.J., (2006) Gene, 366, pp. 51-57
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {472 - 481},
	abstract = {Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (generations 5 and 6) with amine termini were conjugated with peptides containing the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence having in view their application as gene delivery vectors. The idea behind the work was to take advantage of the cationic nature of dendrimers and of the integrin targeting capabilities of the RGD motif to improve gene delivery. Dendrimers were used as scaffolds for RGD clustering and, by controlling the number of peptides (4, 8, and 16) linked to each dendrimer, it was possible to evaluate the effect of RGD density on the gene delivery process. The new vectors were characterized in respect to their ability to neutralize and compact plasmid DNA (pDNA). The complexes formed by the vectors and pDNA were studied concerning their size, zeta potential, capacity of being internalized by cells and ability of transferring genes. Transfection efficiency was analyzed, first, by using a pDNA encoding for Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein and Firefly Luciferase and, second, by using a pDNA encoding for Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells was enhanced using the new vectors in comparison to native dendrimers and was shown to be dependent on the electrostatic interaction established between the dendrimer moiety and the cell surface, as well as on the RGD density of nanoclusters. The use of dendrimer scaffolds for RGD cluster formation is a new approach that can be extended beyond gene delivery applications, whenever RGD clustering is important for modulating cellular responses. {\textcopyright} 2011 American Chemical Society.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Amino acids, animal cell, animal experiment, Animals, Arginine-glycine-aspartic acids, arginylglycylaspartic acid, article, Biomimetics, bone morphogenetic protein 2, Bone morphogenetic protein-2, Cell culture, Cell membranes, cell surface, Cell surfaces, cell survival, Cellular response, Cluster formations, Complexation, controlled study, dendrimer, Dendrimers, Electrostatic interactions, electrostatic precipitation, Encoding (symbols), Enhanced green fluorescent protein, Firefly luciferase, Functional polymers, Gene delivery, Gene delivery vectors, gene expression, gene targeting, Gene therapy, Gene transfer, Gene Transfer Techniques, gene vector, integrin, Integrins, male, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Molecular Structure, Nanoclusters, Nanostructures, New approaches, nonhuman, Oligopeptides, Organic acids, Peptides, plasmid DNA, Plasmid DNA (pDNA), polyamidoamine, Polyamidoamine dendrimers, Polyamines, priority journal, rat, Rats, Rats, Wistar, RGD motif, Scaffolds, Stem cells, Structure-Activity Relationship, Targeting capability, Transfection efficiency, Vectors, Zeta potential},
	isbn = {15257797 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79951658350\&partnerID=40\&md5=a3ef0b57d12de8efb52ba2bf445be126},
	author = {Pandita, D. and Santos, J.L. and Rodrigues, J. and P{\^e}go, A.P. and Granja, P.L. and Tom{\'a}s, H.}
}
@article {2235,
	title = {Molecularly designed alginate hydrogels susceptible to local proteolysis as three-dimensional cellular microenvironments},
	journal = {Acta BiomaterialiaActa Biomater.},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 9Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.029PubMed ID: 21193068Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Barrias, C. C.; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Divis{\~a}o de Biomateriais, Universidade Do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: ccbarrias@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: alginic acid, 28961-37-7, 29894-36-8, 9005-32-7, 9005-38-3; gelatin, 9000-70-8; gelatinase A, 146480-35-5; Alginates; Glucuronic Acid, 576-37-4; Hexuronic Acids; Hydrogels; Matrix Metalloproteinases, 3.4.24.-; Peptides; alginic acid, 9005-32-7References: Lukashev, M.E., Werb, Z., ECM signalling: Orchestrating cell behaviour and misbehaviour (1998) Trends in Cell Biology, 8 (11), pp. 437-441. , DOI 10.1016/S0962-8924(98)01362-2, PII S0962892498013622;Bosman, F.T., Stamenkovic, I., Functional structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (2003) Journal of Pathology, 200 (4), pp. 423-428. , DOI 10.1002/path.1437; 
Lutolf, M.P., Hubbell, J.A., Synthetic biomaterials as instructive extracellular microenvironments for morphogenesis in tissue engineering (2005) Nature Biotechnology, 23 (1), pp. 47-55. , DOI 10.1038/nbt1055; 
Lutolf, M.P., Gilbert, P.M., Blau, H.M., Designing materials to direct stem-cell fate (2009) Nature, 462 (7272), pp. 433-441; 
Tibbitt, M.W., Anseth, K.S., Hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics for 3D cell culture (2009) Biotechnol Bioeng, 103 (4), pp. 655-663; 
Augst, A.D., Kong, H.J., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as biomaterials (2006) Macromolecular Bioscience, 6 (8), pp. 623-633. , DOI 10.1002/mabi.200600069; 
Evangelista, M.B., Hsiong, S.X., Fernandes, R., Sampaio, P., Kong, H.-J., Barrias, C.C., Salema, R., Granja, P.L., Upregulation of bone cell differentiation through immobilization within a synthetic extracellular matrix (2007) Biomaterials, 28 (25), pp. 3644-3655. , DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.028, PII S014296120700347X; 
Grellier, M., Granja, P.L., Fricain, J.C., Bidarra, S.J., Renard, M., Bareille, R., The effect of the co-immobilization of human osteoprogenitors and endothelial cells within alginate microspheres on mineralization in a bone defect (2009) Biomaterials, 30 (19), pp. 3271-3278; 
Bidarra, S.J., Barrias, C.C., Barbosa, M.A., Soares, R., Granja, P.L., Immobilization of human mesenchymal stem cells within RGD-grafted alginate microspheres and assessment of their angiogenic potential (2010) Biomacromolecules, 11 (8), pp. 1956-1964; 
West, J.L., Hubbell, J.A., Polymeric biomaterials with degradation sites for proteases involved in cell migration (1999) Macromolecules, 32 (1), pp. 241-244; 
Page-Mccaw, A., Ewald, A.J., Werb, Z., Matrix metalloproteinases and the regulation of tissue remodelling (2007) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 8 (3), pp. 221-233; 
Murphy, G., Nagase, H., Progress in matrix metalloproteinase research (2008) Mol Aspects Med, 29 (5), pp. 290-308; 
Chau, Y., Luo, Y., Cheung, A.C.Y., Nagai, Y., Zhang, S., Kobler, J.B., Incorporation of a matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive substrate into self-assembling peptides - A model for biofunctional scaffolds (2008) Biomaterials, 29 (11), pp. 1713-1719; 
Chau, Y., Tan, F.E., Langer, R., Synthesis and characterization of dextran-peptide-methotrexate conjugates for tumor targeting via mediation by matrix metalloproteinase II and matrix metalloproteinase IX (2004) Bioconjugate Chemistry, 15 (4), pp. 931-941. , DOI 10.1021/bc0499174; 
Turk, B.E., Huang, L.L., Piro, E.T., Cantley, L.C., Determination of protease cleavage site motifs using mixture-based oriented peptide libraries (2001) Nature Biotechnology, 19 (7), pp. 661-667. , DOI 10.1038/90273; 
Kong, H.J., Smith, M.K., Mooney, D.J., Designing alginate hydrogels to maintain viability of immobilized cells (2003) Biomaterials, 24 (22), pp. 4023-4029. , DOI 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00295-3; 
Rowley, J.A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials (1999) Biomaterials, 20 (1), pp. 45-53. , DOI 10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00107-0, PII S0142961298001070; 
Lorenzen, A., Kennedy, S.W., A fluorescence-based protein assay for use with a microplate reader (1993) Analytical Biochemistry, 214 (1), pp. 346-348. , DOI 10.1006/abio.1993.1504; 
Kuo, C.K., Ma, P.X., Ionically crosslinked alginate hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering: Part 1. Structure, gelation rate and mechanical properties (2001) Biomaterials, 22 (6), pp. 511-521. , DOI 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00201-5, PII S0142961200002015; 
Oliveira, S.M., Barrias, C.C., Almeida, I.F., Costa, P.C., Pena Ferreira, M.R., Bahia, M.F., Injectability of a bone filler system based on hydroxyapatite microspheres and a vehicle with in situ gel-forming ability (2008) J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 87 (1), pp. 49-58; 
Kavimandan, N.J., Losi, E., Wilson, J.J., Brodbelt, J.S., Peppas, N.A., Synthesis and characterization of insulin-transferrin conjugates (2006) Bioconjugate Chemistry, 17 (6), pp. 1376-1384. , DOI 10.1021/bc050344k; 
Lee, K.Y., Rowley, J.A., Eiselt, P., Moy, E.M., Bouhadir, K.H., Mooney, D.J., Controlling mechanical and swelling properties of alginate hydrogels independently by cross-linker type and cross-linking density (2000) Macromolecules, 33 (11), pp. 4291-4294; 
Dent, A., Aslam, M., The functional chemistry of proteins and protein coupling (1998) Bioconjugation: Protein Coupling Techniques for the Biomedical Sciences, pp. 50-100; 
Werb, Z., ECM and cell surface proteolysis: Regulating cellular ecology (1997) Cell, 91 (4), pp. 439-442; 
Friedl, P., Brocker, E.-B., The biology of cell locomotion within three-dimensional extracellular matrix (2000) Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 57 (1), pp. 41-64. , DOI 10.1007/s000180050498; 
Drury, J.L., Boontheeku, T., Mooney, D.J., Cellular cross-linking of peptide modified hydrogels (2005) Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 127 (2), pp. 220-228. , DOI 10.1115/1.1865194; 
Boontheekul, T., Kong, H.-J., Mooney, D.J., Controlling alginate gel degradation utilizing partial oxidation and bimodal molecular weight distribution (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (15), pp. 2455-2465. , DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.06.044, PII S0142961204006064; 
Ries, C., Egea, V., Karow, M., Kolb, H., Jochum, M., Neth, P., MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 are essential for the invasive capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells: Differential regulation by inflammatory cytokines (2007) Blood, 109 (9), pp. 4055-4063. , http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/reprint/109/9/4055, DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-10-051060; 
Seiki, M., The cell surface: The stage for matrix metalloproteinase regulation of migration (2002) Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 14 (5), pp. 624-632. , DOI 10.1016/S0955-0674(02)00363-0; 
Will, H., Atkinson, S.J., Butler, G.S., Smith, B., Murphy, G., The soluble catalytic domain of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase cleaves the propeptide of progelatinase A and initiates autoproteolytic activation. Regulation by TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 (1996) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271 (29), pp. 17119-17123. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.271.29.17119; 
Itoh, Y., Seiki, M., MT1-MMP: A potent modifier of pericellular microenvironment (2006) Journal of Cellular Physiology, 206 (1), pp. 1-8. , DOI 10.1002/jcp.20431; 
Barbolina, M.V., Adley, B.P., Ariztia, E.V., Liu, Y., Stack, M.S., Microenvironmental regulation of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase activity in ovarian carcinoma cells via collagen-induced EGR1 expression (2007) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282 (7), pp. 4924-4931. , http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/282/7/4924, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M608428200
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {1674 - 1682},
	abstract = {The development of sophisticated three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture microenvironments that recreate some of the complexity of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) remains a challenging task. Here, the modification of alginate through partial crosslinking with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavable peptide (proline-valine-glycine-leucine-isoleucine-glycine, PVGLIG) is described, and its use in the preparation of injectable, in situ crosslinkable hydrogel-like matrices is proposed. PVGLIG-grafted alginates were synthesized by carbodiimide chemistry and characterized. Their biological performance was evaluated by comparing the response of 3-D cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to alginate hydrogels containing only cell-adhesion peptides (RGD-alginate) or both peptides (PVGLIG/RGD-alginate). After 1 week, cells remained essentially round within RGD-alginate, while they exhibited an elongated morphology within PVGLIG/RGD-alginate hydrogels, forming cellular networks. This suggests that cells were able to structurally reorganize the matrix, through enzymatic hydrolysis of PVGLIG residues, overcoming biophysical hydrogel resistance. As shown by gelatine-zymography, MSC presented higher activity of MMP-2 when cultured within alginate functionalized with MMP-sensitive peptide, suggesting that the cell{\textquoteright}s proteolytic phenotype was modulated by the matrix composition. Additionally, PVGLIG/RGD-alginate hydrogels were clearly degraded in cell culture. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the co-incorporation of MMP-labile peptides in cell-adhesive RGD-alginate hydrogels improved their performance as ECM analogues, providing a more dynamic and physiological 3-D cellular microenvironment. {\textcopyright} 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {3-D Cell culture, Alginate, Alginates, alginic acid, Amino Acid Sequence, article, cell adhesion, cell composition, Cell Count, Cell culture, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Shape, cell structure, cell survival, cell viability, Cells, Cultured, controlled study, Enzyme Activation, enzyme activity, extracellular matrix, Extracellular matrix (ECM), gelatin, gelatinase A, Glucuronic Acid, Hexuronic Acids, human, human cell, Humans, hydrogel, Hydrogels, hydrolysis, matrix metalloproteinase, Matrix Metalloproteinases, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Molecular Sequence Data, morphology, peptide derivative, Peptides, phenotype, priority journal, prolylvalylglycylleucylisoleucylglycine, Protease-sensitive, protein cleavage, protein degradation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Subcellular Fractions, tumor microenvironment, unclassified drug, zymography},
	isbn = {17427061 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79952189303\&partnerID=40\&md5=191596b948bd4cc2569264a992052b88},
	author = {Fonseca, K.B. and Bidarra, S.J. and Oliveira, M.J. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C.}
}
@article {2239,
	title = {Non-viral gene delivery to mesenchymal stem cells: Methods, strategies and application in bone tissue engineering and regeneration},
	journal = {Current Gene TherapyCurr. Gene Ther.},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 8Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: CGTUAdoi: 10.2174/156652311794520102PubMed ID: 21182464Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Tom{\'a}s, H.; CQM-Centro de Qu{\'\i}mica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universit{\'a}rio da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; email: lenat@uma.ptReferences: Bianco, P., Robey, P.G., Simmons, P.J., Mesenchymal stem cells: Revisitinghistory, concepts, and assays (2008) Cell Stem Cell, 2, pp. 313-319;Marot, D., Knezevic, M., Novakovic, G.V., Bone tissue engineeringwith human stem cells (2010) Stem Cell Res Ther, 1, p. 10; 
Caplan, A.I., Review: Mesenchymal stem cells: Cell-based reconstructivetherapy in orthopedics (2005) Tissue Eng, 11, pp. 1198-1211; 
Caplan, A.I., Bruder, S.P., Mesenchymal stem cells: Building blocksfor molecular medicine in the 21st century (2001) Trends Mol Med, 7, pp. 259-264; 
Chen, F.H., Tuan, R.S., Mesenchymal stem cells in arthritic diseases (2008) Arthritis Res Ther, 10, p. 223; 
Da Silva Meirelles, L., Chagastelles, P.C., Nardi, N.B., Mesenchymalstem cells reside in virtually all post-natal organs and tissues (2006) J CellSci, 119, pp. 2204-2213; 
Mauney, J.R., Volloch, V., Kaplan, D.L., Role of adult mesenchymalstem cells in bone tissue engineering applications: Current statusand future prospects (2005) Tissue Eng, 11, pp. 787-802; 
Prockop, D.J., Repair of tissues by adult stem/progenitor cells(MSCs): Controversies, myths, and changing paradigms (2009) Mol Ther, 17, pp. 939-946; 
Sakurada, K., McDonald, F.M., Shimada, F., Regenerative medicineand stem cell based drug discovery (2008) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 47, pp. 5718-5738; 
V{\"a}{\"a}n{\"a}nen, H.K., Mesenchymal stem cells (2005) Ann Med, 37, pp. 469-479; 
Jackson, W.M., Nesti, L.J., Tuan, R.S., Potential therapeutic applicationsof muscle-derived mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (2010) ExpertOpin Biol Ther, 10, pp. 505-517; 
Nauta, A.J., Fibbe, W.E., Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymalstromal cells (2007) Blood, 110, pp. 3499-3506; 
Heyde, M., Partridge, K.A., Oreffo, R.O., Gene therapy used fortissue engineering applications (2007) J Pharm Pharmacol, 59, pp. 329-350; 
Kimelman, N., Pelled, G., Helm, G.A., Review: Gene-and stemcell-based therapeutics for bone regeneration and repair (2007) TissueEng, 13, pp. 1135-1150; 
Partridge, K.A., Oreffo, R.O., Gene delivery in bone tissue engineering: Progress and prospects using viral and nonviral strategies (2004) TissueEng, 10, pp. 295-307; 
Pittenger, M., Vanguri, P., Simonetti, D., Adult mesenchymalstem cells: Potential for muscle and tendon regeneration and use ingene therapy (2002) J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 2, pp. 309-320; 
Reiser, J., Zhang, X.Y., Hemenway, C.S., Potential of mesenchymalstem cells in gene therapy approaches for inherited and acquireddiseases (2005) Expert Opin Biol Ther, 5, pp. 1571-1584; 
Saraf, A., Mikos, A.G., Gene delivery strategies for cartilage tissueengineering (2006) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 58, pp. 592-603; 
Trippel, S.B., Ghivizzani, S.C., Nixon, A.J., Gene-based approaches forthe repair of articular cartilage (2004) Gene Ther, 11, pp. 351-359; 
Takahashi, K., Yamanaka, S., Induction of pluripotent stem cells frommouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors (2006) Cell, 126, pp. 663-676; 
Yu, J., Vodyanik, M.A., Smuga-Otto, K., Induced pluripotentstem cell lines derived from human somatic cells (2007) Science, 318, pp. 1917-1920; 
Steinert, A.F., Noth, U., Tuan, R.S., Concepts in gene therapy for cartilagerepair (2008) Injury, 39 (SUPPL 1), pp. S97-S113; 
Gafni, Y., Turgeman, G., Liebergal, M., Stem cells as vehiclesfor orthopedic gene therapy (2004) Gene Ther, 11, pp. 417-426; 
Kane, N.M., McRae, S., Denning, C., Viral and non-viral genedelivery and its role in pluripotent stem cell engineering Drug DiscovToday: Technol, , In press. doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2008.10.002; 
Li, S.D., Huang, L., Non-viral is superior to viral gene delivery (2007) JControl Release, 123, pp. 181-183; 
Mastrobattista, E., Bravo, S.A., van der Aa, M., Nonviral genedelivery systems: From simple transfection agents to artificial viruses (2005) Drug Discov Today: Technol, 2, pp. 103-109; 
Chan, J., O{\textquoteright}Donoghue, K., de la Fuente, J., Human fetal mesenchymalstem cells as vehicles for gene delivery (2005) Stem Cells, 23, pp. 93-102; 
Tsuda, H., Wada, T., Yamashita, T., Enhanced osteoinduction bymesenchymal stem cells transfected with a fiber-mutant adenoviralBMP2 gene (2005) J Gene Med, 7, pp. 1322-1334; 
Zhang, X., Godbey, W.T., Viral vectors for gene delivery in tissueengineering (2006) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 58, pp. 515-534; 
Dang, J.M., Leong, K.W., Natural polymers for gene delivery and tissue engineering (2006) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 58, pp. 487-499; 
Luten, J., van Nostrum, C.F., De Smedt, S.C., Biodegradablepolymers as non-viral carriers for plasmid DNA delivery (2008) J ControlRelease, 126, pp. 97-110; 
Mintzer, M.A., Simanek, E.E., Nonviral vectors for gene delivery (2009) Chem Rev, 109, pp. 259-302; 
Panyam, J., Labhasetwar, V., Biodegradable nanoparticles for drugand gene delivery to cells and tissue (2003) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 55, pp. 329-347; 
Choi, J.S., Ko, K.S., Park, J.S., Dexamethasone conjugatedpoly(amidoamine) dendrimer as a gene carrier for efficient nucleartranslocation (2006) Int J Pharm, 320, pp. 171-178; 
Roth, C.M., Sundaram, S., Engineering synthetic vectors for improvedDNA delivery: Insights from intracellular pathways (2004) Annu RevBiomed Eng, 6, pp. 397-426; 
Wood, K.C., Little, S.R., Langer, R., A family of hierarchicallyself-assembling linear-dendritic hybrid polymers for highly efficienttargeted gene delivery (2005) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 44, pp. 6704-6708; 
Mehier-Humbert, S., Guy, R.H., Physical methods for gene transfer: Improving the kinetics of gene delivery into cells (2005) Adv Drug DelivRev, 57, pp. 733-753; 
Jo, J., Tabata, Y., Non-viral gene transfection technologies for geneticengineering of stem cells (2008) Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 68, pp. 90-104; 
Song, L., Chau, L., Sakamoto, Y., Electric field-induced molecularvibration for noninvasive, high-efficiency DNA transfection (2004) Mol Ther, 9, pp. 607-616; 
Han, S.W., Nakamura, C., Kotobuki, N., High-efficiency DNAinjection into a single human mesenchymal stem cell using ananoneedle and atomic force microscopy (2008) Nanomedicine, 4, pp. 215-225; 
Park, S., Kim, Y.S., Kim, W.B., Carbon nanosyringe array as aplatform for intracellular delivery (2009) Nano Lett, 9, pp. 1325-1329; 
Durieux, A.C., Bonnefoy, R., Busso, T., In vivo gene electrotransferinto skeletal muscle: Effects of plasmid DNA on the occurrenceand extent of muscle damage (2004) J Gene Med, 6, pp. 809-816; 
Winn, S.R., Hu, Y., Sfeir, C., Gene therapy approaches for modulatingbone regeneration (2000) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 42, pp. 121-138; 
Lv, H., Zhang, S., Wang, B., Toxicity of cationic lipids and cationicpolymers in gene delivery (2006) J Control Release, 114, pp. 100-109; 
Gebhart, C.L., Kabanov, A.V., Evaluation of polyplexes as gene transferagents (2001) J Control Release, 73, pp. 401-416; 
Hamm, A., Krott, N., Breibach, I., Efficient transfection methodfor primary cells (2002) Tissue Eng, 8, pp. 235-245; 
Gill, D.R., Pringle, I.A., Hyde, S.C., Progress and prospects: The designand production of plasmid vectors (2009) Gene Ther, 16, pp. 165-171; 
Miller, A.M., Dean, D.A., Tissue-specific and transcription factormediatednuclear entry of DNA (2009) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 61, pp. 603-613; 
Smith, D.K., Dendrimers and the double helix--from DNA bindingtowards gene therapy (2008) Curr Top Med Chem, 8, pp. 1187-1203; 
Duzgunes, N., De Ilarduya, C.T., Simoes, S., Cationic liposomesfor gene delivery: Novel cationic lipids and enhancement by proteinsand peptides (2003) Curr Med Chem, 10, pp. 1213-1220; 
Hoekstra, D., Rejman, J., Wasungu, L., Gene delivery by cationiclipids: In and out of an endosome (2007) Biochem Soc Trans, 35, pp. 68-71; 
Hoelters, J., Ciccarella, M., Drechsel, M., Nonviral genetic modificationmediates effective transgene expression and functionalRNA interference in human mesenchymal stem cells (2005) J Gene Med, 7, pp. 718-728; 
Ko, B.S., Chang, T.C., Shyue, S.K., An efficient transfectionmethod for mouse embryonic stem cells (2009) Gene Ther, 16, pp. 154-158; 
Park, J., Lutz, R., Felszeghy, E., The effect on bone regenerationof a liposomal vector to deliver BMP-2 gene to bone grafts in periimplantbone defects (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 2772-2782; 
Park, J., Ries, J., Gelse, K., Bone regeneration in critical sizedefects by cell-mediated BMP-2 gene transfer: A comparison of adenoviral vectors and liposomes (2003) Gene Ther, 10, pp. 1089-1098; 
Vanderbyl, S., McDonald, G.N., Sidhu, S., Transfer and stabletransgene expression of a mammalian artificial chromosome intobone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (2004) Stem Cells, 22, pp. 324-333; 
de Jong, G., Telenius, A., Vanderbyl, S., Efficient in-vitro transferof a 60-Mb mammalian artificial chromosome into murine and hamster cells using cationic lipids and dendrimers (2001) ChromosomeRes, 9, pp. 475-485; 
Dass, C.R., Cytotoxicity issues pertinent to lipoplex-mediated genetherapy in-vivo (2002) J Pharm Pharmacol, 54, pp. 593-601; 
Wu, G.Y.W.C., Receptor-mediated in vitro gene transformation by asoluble DNA carrier system (1987) J Biol Chem, 262, pp. 4429-4432; 
Choi, Y.H., Liu, F., Kim, J.S., Polyethylene glycol-grafted poly-Llysineas polymeric gene carrier (1998) J Control Release, 54, pp. 39-48; 
Liu, G., Molas, M., Grossmann, G.A., Biological properties of poly-L-lysine-DNA complexes generated by cooperative binding of the polycation (2001) J Biol Chem, 276, pp. 34379-34387; 
Farrell, L.L., Pepin, J., Kucharski, C., A comparison of the effectivenessof cationic polymers poly-L-lysine (PLL) and polyethylenimine(PEI) for non-viral delivery of plasmid DNA to bone marrowstromal cells (BMSC) (2007) Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 65, pp. 388-397; 
Incani, V., Tunis, E., Clements, B.A., Palmitic acid substitutionon cationic polymers for effective delivery of plasmid DNA tobone marrow stromal cells (2007) J Biomed Mater Res A, 81, pp. 493-504; 
Clements, B.A., Incani, V., Kucharski, C., A comparative evaluationof poly-L-lysine-palmitic acid and Lipofectamine 2000 forplasmid delivery to bone marrow stromal cells (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 4693-4704; 
Bragonzi, A., Boletta, A., Biffi, A., Comparison between cationicpolymers and lipids in mediating systemic gene delivery to thelungs (1999) Gene Ther, 6, pp. 1995-2004; 
Sea, F., Exgen 500 is an efficient vector for gene delivery tolung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo (1997) Gene Ther, 4, pp. 1100-1106; 
Wightman, L., Kircheis, R., Rossler, V., Different behavior of branched and linear polyethylenimine for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo (2001) J Gene Med, 3, pp. 362-372; 
Behr, J.-P., The Proton Sponge: A Trick to Enter Cells the VirusesDid Not Exploit (1997) Chimia, 51, pp. 34-36; 
Dea, F., A novel non-viral vector for DNA delivery based onlow molecular weight, branched polyethylenimine: Effect of molecularweight on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity (1999) Pharm. Res, 16, pp. 1273-1279; 
Godbey, W.T., Wu, K.K., Mikos, A.G., Size matters: Molecular weightaffects the efficiency of poly(ethylenimine) as a gene delivery vehicle (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 45, pp. 268-275; 
Ahn, H.H., Lee, M.S., Cho, M.H., DNA/PEI nano-particles forgene delivery of rat bone marrow stem cells (2008) Colloids and SurfacesA: Physicochem Eng Aspects, 313-314, pp. 116-120; 
Ahn, H.H., Lee, J.H., Kim, K.S., Polyethyleneimine-mediated genedelivery into human adipose derived stem cells (2008) Biomater, 29, pp. 2415-2422; 
Clements, B.A., Bai, J., Kucharski, C., RGD conjugation to polyethyleneiminedoes not improve DNA delivery to bone marrowstromal cells (2006) Biomacromolecules, 7, pp. 1481-1488; 
Saraf, A., Hacker, M.C., Sitharaman, B., Synthesis and conformationalevaluation of a novel gene delivery vector for human mesenchymalstem cells (2008) Biomacromolecules, 9, pp. 818-827; 
Lei, Y., Segura, T., DNA delivery from matrix metalloproteinasedegradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels to mouse cloned mesenchymalstem cells (2009) Biomaterials, 30, pp. 254-265; 
Gwak, S.J., Kim, B.S., Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanosphere as avehicle for gene delivery to human cord blood-derived mesenchymalstem cells: Comparison with polyethylenimine (2008) Biotechnol Lett, 30, pp. 1177-1182; 
Yang, F., Green, J.J., Dinio, T., Gene delivery to human adult and embryonic cell-derived stem cells using biodegradable nanoparticulatepolymeric vectors (2009) Gene Ther, 16, pp. 533-546; 
Huang, M., Fong, C.W., Khor, E., Transfection efficiency of chitosan vectors: Effect of polymer molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (2005) J Control Release, 106, pp. 391-406; 
Ishii, T., Okahata, Y., Sato, T., Mechanism of cell transfection withplasmid/chitosan complexes (2001) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1514, pp. 51-64; 
Moreira, C., Oliveira, H., Pires, L.R., Improving chitosanmediatedgene transfer by the introduction of intracellular bufferingmoieties into the chitosan backbone (2009) Acta Biomater, 5, pp. 2995-3006; 
Sato, T., Ishii, T., Okahata, Y., In vitro gene delivery mediated bychitosan. effect of pH, serum, and molecular mass of chitosan onthe transfection efficiency (2001) Biomaterials, 22, pp. 2075-2080; 
Corsi, K., Chellat, F., Yahia, L., Mesenchymal stem cells, MG63and HEK293 transfection using chitosan-DNA nanoparticles (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 1255-1264; 
Nie, H., Wang, C.H., Fabrication and characterization of PLGA/HApcomposite scaffolds for delivery of BMP-2 plasmid DNA (2007) J ControlRelease, 120, pp. 111-121; 
Hu, Y., Cai, K., Luo, Z., Surface mediated in situ differentiationof mesenchymal stem cells on gene-functionalized titanium filmsfabricated by layer-by-layer technique (2009) Biomaterials, 30, pp. 3626-3635; 
Okazaki, A., Jo, J., Tabata, Y., A reverse transfection technology togenetically engineer adult stem cells (2007) Tissue Eng, 13, pp. 245-251; 
Hosseinkhani, H., Azzam, T., Kobayashi, H., Combination of 3Dtissue engineered scaffold and non-viral gene carrier enhance in vitroDNA expression of mesenchymal stem cells (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 4269-4278; 
Hosseinkhani, H., Yamamoto, M., Inatsugu, Y., Enhanced ectopicbone formation using a combination of plasmid DNA impregnationinto 3-D scaffold and bioreactor perfusion culture (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 1387-1398; 
Duf{\`e}s, C., Uchegbu, I.F., Sch{\"a}tzlein, A.G., Dendrimers in gene delivery (2005) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 57, pp. 2177-2202; 
Svenson, S., Tomalia, D.A., Dendrimers in biomedical applications--reflections on the field (2005) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 57, pp. 2106-2129; 
Malik, N., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Klopsch, R., Dendrimers: Relationshipbetween structure and biocompatibility in vitro, and preliminarystudies on the biodistribution of 125I-labelled polyamidoaminedendrimers in vivo (2000) J Control Release, 65, pp. 133-148; 
Duncan, R., Izzo, L., Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity (2005) AdvDrug Deliv Rev, 57, pp. 2215-2237; 
Dennig, J., Duncan, E., Gene transfer into eukaryotic cells usingactivated polyamidoamine dendrimers (2002) J Biotechnol, 90, pp. 339-347; 
Sokolova, V.V., Radtke, I., Heumann, R., Effective transfection of cells with multi-shell calcium phosphate-DNA nanoparticles (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 3147-3153; 
Santos, J.L., Oramas, E., Pego, A.P., Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells using PAMAM dendrimers as gene deliveryvectors (2009) J Control Release, 134, pp. 141-148; 
Gheisari, Y., Soleimani, M., Azadmanesh, K., Multipotent mesenchymalstromal cells: Optimization and comparison of five cationicpolymer-based gene delivery methods (2008) Cytotherapy, 10, pp. 815-823; 
Holladay, C., Keeney, M., Greiser, U., A matrix reservoir forimproved control of non-viral gene delivery (2009) J Control Release, 136, pp. 220-225; 
Parekh, H.S., The advance of dendrimers-a versatile targeting platformfor gene/drug delivery (2007) Curr Pharm Des, 13, pp. 2837-2850; 
Santos, J.L., Pandita, D., Rodrigues, J., Receptor-mediated genedelivery using PAMAM dendrimers conjudated with peptides recognizedby mesenchymal stem cells (2010) Mol Pharmaceutics, 7, pp. 763-774; 
Santos, J.L., Oliveira, H., Pandita, D., Rodrigues, J., Functionalizationof Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers with hydrophobic chains forimproved gene delivery in mesenchymal stem cells (2010) J Control Release, 144, pp. 55-64; 
Bourgeat-Lami, E., Organic-inorganic nanostructured colloids (2002) JNanosci Nanotechnol, 2, pp. 1-24; 
Chowdhury, E.H., Akaike, T., Bio-functional inorganic materials: Anattractive branch of gene-based nano-medicine delivery for 21stcentury (2005) Curr Gene Ther, 5, pp. 669-676; 
Sokolova, V., Epple, M., Inorganic nanoparticles as carriers of nucleicacids into cells (2008) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 47, pp. 1382-1395; 
Uchimura, E., Yamada, S., Uebersax, L., Method for reversetransfection using gold colloid as a nano-scaffold (2007) J Biosci Bioeng, 103, pp. 101-103; 
Gonzalez-McQuire, R., Green, D.W., Partridge, K.A., Coating of human mesenchymal cells in 3D culture with bioinorganicnanoparticles promotes osteoblastic differentiation and gene transfection (2007) Adv Mater, 19, pp. 2236-2240; 
Park, J.S., Na, K., Woo, D.G., Non-viral gene delivery of DNApolyplexed with nanoparticles transfected into human mesenchymalstem cells (2010) Biomaterials, 31, pp. 124-132; 
Peister, A., Mellad, J.A., Wang, M., Stable transfection of MSCsby electroporation (2004) Gene Ther, 11, pp. 224-228; 
Ferreira, E., Potier, E., Logeart-Avramoglou, D., Optimization of a gene electrotransfer method for mesenchymal stem cell transfection (2008) Gene Ther, 15, pp. 537-544; 
Ziv, R., Steinhardt, Y., Pelled, G., Micro-electroporation of mesenchymalstem cells with alternating electrical current pulses (2009) BiomedMicrodevices, 11, pp. 95-101; 
Lim, J.Y., Park, S.H., Jeong, C.H., Microporation is a valuabletransfection method for efficient gene delivery into human umbilicalcord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2010) BMC Biotechnol, 10, p. 38; 
Lee, S.-J., Kang, S.-W., Do, H.-J., Enhancement of bone regenerationby gene delivery of BMP2/Runx2 bicistronic vector into adipose-derived stromal cells (2010) Biomater, 31, pp. 5652-5659; 
Lakshmipathy, U., Pelacho, B., Sudo, K., Efficient transfection of embryonic and adult stem cells (2004) Stem Cells, 22, pp. 531-543; 
Aluigi, M., Fogli, M., Curti, A., Nucleofection is an efficientnonviral transfection technique for human bone marrow-derivedmesenchymal stem cells (2006) Stem Cells, 24, pp. 454-461; 
Nakashima, S., Matsuyama, Y., Nitta, A., Highly efficient transfectionof human marrow stromal cells by nucleofection (2005) TransplantProc, 37, pp. 2290-2292; 
Miller, D.L., Pislaru, S.V., Greenleaf, J.E., Sonoporation: MechanicalDNA delivery by ultrasonic cavitation (2002) Somat Cell Mol Genet, 27, pp. 115-134; 
Otani, K., Yamahara, K., Ohnishi, S., Nonviral delivery of siRNA into mesenchymal stem cells by a combination of ultrasoundand microbubbles (2009) J Control Release, 133, pp. 146-153; 
Aslan, H., Sheyn, D., Gazit, D., Genetically engineered mesenchymalstem cells: Applications in spine therapy (2009) Regen Med, 4, pp. 99-108; 
Chiang, G.G., Rubin, H.L., Cherington, V., Bone marrow stromalcell-mediated gene therapy for hemophilia A: In vitro expression of human factor VIII with high biological activity requires the inclusionof the proteolytic site at amino acid 1648 (1999) Hum Gene Ther, 10, pp. 61-76; 
Gelse, K., von der Mark, K., Schneider, H., Cartilage regeneration bygene therapy (2003) Curr Gene Ther, 3, pp. 305-317; 
Moutsatsos, I.K., Turgeman, G., Zhou, S., Exogenously regulatedstem cell-mediated gene therapy for bone regeneration (2001) Mol Ther, 3, pp. 449-461; 
Phillips, M.I., Tang, Y.L., Genetic modification of stem cells for transplantation (2008) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 60, pp. 160-172; 
Schwarz, E.J., Reger, R.L., Alexander, G.M., Rat marrow stromalcells rapidly transduced with a self-inactivating retrovirus synthesizeL-DOPA in vitro (2001) Gene Ther, 8, pp. 1214-1223; 
Sun, M., Kong, L., Wang, X., Coexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase, GTP cyclohydrolase I, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 from a helper virus-freeherpes simplex virus type 1 vector supports high-level, long-termbiochemical and behavioral correction of a rat model of Parkinson{\textquoteright}sdisease (2004) Hum Gene Ther, 15, pp. 1177-1196; 
Turgeman, G., Pittman, D.D., Muller, R., Engineered humanmesenchymal stem cells: A novel platform for skeletal cell mediatedgene therapy (2001) J Gene Med, 3, pp. 240-251; 
Tuszynski, M.H., Thal, L., Pay, M., A phase 1 clinical trial of nerve growth factor gene therapy for Alzheimer disease (2005) Nat Med, 11, pp. 551-555; 
Fang, J., Zhu, Y.Y., Smiley, E., Stimulation of new bone formationby direct transfer of osteogenic plasmid genes (1996) Proc Natl AcadSci U S A, 93, pp. 5753-5758; 
Bonadio, J., Smiley, E., Patil, P., Localized, direct plasmid genedelivery in vivo: Prolonged therapy results in reproducible tissueregeneration (1999) Nat Med, 5, pp. 753-759; 
Kasper, F.K., Young, S., Tanahashi, K., Evaluation of bone regenerationby DNA release from composites of oligo(poly(ethyleneglycol) fumarate) and cationized gelatin microspheres in a criticalsizedcalvarial defect (2006) J Biomed Mater Res A, 78, pp. 335-342; 
Kuroda, S., Kondo, H., Ohya, K., A new technique with calciumphosphate precipitate enhances efficiency of in vivo plasmid DNAgene transfer (2005) J Pharmacol Sci, 97, pp. 227-233; 
Endo, M., Kuroda, S., Kondo, H., Bone regeneration by modifiedgene-activated matrix: Effectiveness in segmental tibial defects inrats (2006) Tissue Eng, 12, pp. 489-497; 
Huang, Y.C., Simmons, C., Kaigler, D., Bone regeneration in a ratcranial defect with delivery of PEI-condensed plasmid DNA encodingfor bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) (2005) Gene Ther, 12, pp. 418-426; 
Nie, H., Ho, M.L., Wang, C.K., BMP-2 plasmid loadedPLGA/HAp composite scaffolds for treatment of bone defects innude mice (2009) Biomaterials, 30, pp. 892-901; 
Ono, I., Yamashita, T., Jin, H.Y., Combination of porous hydroxyapatiteand cationic liposomes as a vector for BMP-2 genetherapy (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 4709-4718; 
Kishimoto, K.N., Watanabe, Y., Nakamura, H., Ectopic boneformation by electroporatic transfer of bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene (2002) Bone, 31, pp. 340-347; 
Sheyn, D., Kimelman-Bleich, N., Pelled, G., Ultrasound-basednonviral gene delivery induces bone formation in vivo (2008) Gene Ther, 15, pp. 257-266; 
Hosseinkhani, H., Inatsugu, Y., Hiraoka, Y., Impregnation of plasmid DNA into three-dimensional scaffolds and medium perfusionenhance in vitro DNA expression of mesenchymal stem cells (2005) Tissue Eng, 11, pp. 1459-1475; 
Hosseinkhani, H., Hosseinkhani, M., Gabrielson, N.P., DNAnanoparticles encapsulated in 3D tissue-engineered scaffolds enhanceosteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (2007) JBiomed Mater Res A, 85, pp. 47-60; 
Huang, Y.C., Kaigler, D., Rice, K.G., Combined angiogenic and osteogenic factor delivery enhances bone marrow stromal celldrivenbone regeneration (2005) J Bone Miner Res, 20, pp. 848-857; 
Blum, J.S., Barry, M.A., Mikos, A.G., In vivo evaluation of genetherapy vectors in ex vivo-derived marrow stromal cells for boneregeneration in a rat critical-size calvarial defect model (2003) Hum GeneTher, 14, pp. 1689-1701; 
Aslan, H., Zilberman, Y., Arbeli, V., Nucleofection-based ex vivononviral gene delivery to human stem cells as a platform for tissueregeneration (2006) Tissue Eng, 12, pp. 877-889; 
Noel, D., Gazit, D., Bouquet, C., Short-term BMP-2 expression issufficient for in vivo osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymalstem cells (2004) Stem Cells, 22, pp. 74-85
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {46 - 57},
	abstract = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from several tissues in the body, have the ability to selfrenewal, show immune suppressive properties and are multipotent, being able to generate various cell types. At present, due to their intrinsic characteristics, MSCs are considered very promising in the area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this context, genetic modification can be a powerful tool to control the behavior and fate of these cells and be used in the design of new cellular therapies. Viral systems are very effective in the introduction of exogenous genes inside MSCs. However, the risks associated with their use are leading to an increasing search for non-viral approaches to attain the same purpose, even if MSCs have been shown to be more difficult to transfect in this way. In the past few years, progress was made in the development of chemical and physical methods for non-viral gene delivery. Herein, an overview of the application of those methods specifically to MSCs is given and their use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapeutic strategies highlighted using the example of bone tissue. Key issues and future directions in non-viral gene delivery to MSCs are also critically addressed. {\textcopyright} 2011 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.},
	keywords = {Animals, article, artificial chromosome, Bone and Bones, Bone Regeneration, bone tissue, Bone tissue engineering, cell based gene therapy, dendrimer, ex vivo gene transfer, Gene delivery, gene targeting, Gene therapy, Gene Transfer Techniques, gene vector, genetic transfection, human, Humans, in vivo gene transfer, liposome, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, nanomedicine, nanoparticle, Non-viral vectors, nonhuman, nonviral gene delivery system, polymer, protein expression, Regeneration, Regenerative Medicine, Tissue engineering, Tissue regeneration},
	isbn = {15665232 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79951686783\&partnerID=40\&md5=c9cc095fac56b04808553b19fd1f5f48},
	author = {Santos, J.L. and Pandita, D. and Rodrigues, J. and P{\^e}go, A.P. and Granja, P.L. and Tom{\'a}s, H.}
}
@article {2237,
	title = {Pectin-based injectable biomaterials for bone tissue engineering},
	journal = {BiomacromoleculesBiomacromolecules},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BOMAFdoi: 10.1021/bm101110xPubMed ID: 21302960Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Munarin, F.; Biomatlab, Bioengineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy; email: fabiola.munarin@mail.polimi.itChemicals/CAS: arginylglycylaspartic acid, 99896-85-2; osteocalcin, 136461-80-8; pectin, 9000-69-5; Biocompatible Materials; Oligopeptides; Pectins; arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid, 99896-85-2; pectin, 9000-69-5References: Brown, M.J., Lester, J.N., (1980) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 40, pp. 179-185;Knox, J.P., (2008) Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 1, pp. 308-313; 
Jarvis, M.C., (1984) Plant, Cell Environ, 7, pp. 153-164; 
Thom, D., Grant, G.T., Morris, E.R., Rees, D.A., (1982) Carbohydr. Res., 100, pp. 29-42; 
Fang, Y., Al-Assaf, S., Phillips, G.O., Nishinari, K., Funami, T., Williams, P.A., (2008) Carbohydr. Polym., 72, pp. 334-341; 
Rowley, J.A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D.J., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 45-53; 
Price, L.S., (1997) Bioessays, 19, pp. 941-943; 
Dee, K.C., Andersen, T.T., Bizios, R., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 221-227; 
Pierschbacher, M.D., Ruoslahti, E., (1984) Nature, 309, pp. 30-33; 
Ruoslahti, E., Pierschbacher, M., (1987) Science, 238, pp. 491-497; 
Hynes, R.O., (1992) Cell, 69, pp. 11-25; 
Yamada, K.M., (1997) Matrix Biol., 16, pp. 137-141; 
Evangelista, M.B., Hsiong, S.X., Fernandes, R., Sampaio, P., Kong, H., Barrias, C.C., Salema, R., Granja, P.L., (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 3644-3655; 
Grellier, M., Granja, P.L., Fricain, J., Bidarra, S.J., Renard, M., Bareille, R., Bourget, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2009) Biomaterials, 30, pp. 3271-3278; 
Liu, L., Fishman, M.L., Kost, J., Hicks, K.B., (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 3333-3343; 
Rao, K.P., Prabhashankar, B., Kumar, A., Khan, A., Biradar, S.S., Srishail, S.P., Satyanath, B., (2003) Yale J. Biol. Med., 76, pp. 149-154; 
Jackson, C.L., Dreaden, T.M., Theobald, L.K., Tran, N.M., Beal, T.L., Eid, M., Gao, M.Y., Mohnen, D., (2007) Glycobiology, 17, pp. 805-819; 
Glinsky, V.V., Raz, A., (2009) Carbohydr. Res., 344, pp. 1788-1791; 
Vayssade, M., Sengkhamparn, N., Verhoef, R., Delaigue, C., Goundiam, O., Vigneron, P., Voragen, A.G., Nagel, M.D., (2010) Phytother. Res., 24, pp. 982-989; 
Katav, T., Liu, L., Traitel, T., Goldbart, R., Wolfson, M., Kost, J., (2008) J. Controlled Release, 130, pp. 183-191; 
Opanasopit, P., Apirakaramwong, A., Ngawhirunpat, T., Rojanarata, T., Ruktanonchai, U., (2008) AAPS PharmSciTech, 9, pp. 67-74; 
Morra, M., Cassinelli, C., Cascardo, G., Nagel, M., Della Volpe, C., Siboni, S., Maniglio, D., Ulvskov, P., (2004) Biomacromolecules, 5, pp. 2094-2104; 
Bussy, C., Verhoef, R., Haeger, A., Morra, M., Duval, J., Vigneron, P., Bensoussan, A., Nagel, M.D., (2008) J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 86, pp. 597-606; 
Kokkonen, H.E., Ilvesaro, J.M., Morra, M., Schols, H.A., Tuukkanen, J., (2007) Biomacromolecules, 8, pp. 509-515; 
Munarin, F., Giuliano, L., Bozzini, S., Tanzi, M.C., Petrini, P., (2010) Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 30, pp. 491-496; 
Karageorgiou, V., Kaplan, D., (2005) Biomaterials, 26, pp. 5474-5491; 
Volkmer, E., Drosse, I., Otto, S., Stangelmayer, A., Stengele, M., Kallukalam, B.C., Mutschler, W., Schieker, M., (2008) Tissue Eng., Part A, 14, pp. 1331-1340; 
Anselme, K., (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 667-681; 
Hersel, U., Dahmen, C., Kessler, H., (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 4385-4415; 
Stains, J.P., Civitelli, R., (2005) Birth Defects Res., Part C, 75, pp. 72-80; 
Ichibouji, T., Miyazaki, T., Ishida, E., Ashizuka, M., Sugino, A., Ohtsuki, C., Kuramoto, K., (2008) J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 116, pp. 74-78
},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {568 - 577},
	abstract = {A variety of natural polymers and proteins are considered to be 3D cell culture structures able to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote bone tissue regeneration. Pectin, a natural polysaccharide extracted from the plant cell walls and having a chemical structure similar to alginate, provides interesting properties as artificial ECM. In this work, for the first time, pectin, modified with an RGD-containing oligopeptide or not, is used as an ECM alternative to immobilize cells for bone tissue regeneration. The viability, metabolic activity, morphology, and osteogenic differentiation of immobilized MC3T3-E1 preosteoblats demonstrate the potential of this polysaccharide to keep immobilized cells viable and differentiating. Preosteoblasts immobilized in both types of pectin microspheres maintained a constant viability up to 29 days and were able to differentiate. The grafting of the RGD peptide on pectin backbone induced improved cell adhesion and proliferation within the microspheres. Furthermore, not only did cells grow inside but also theywere able to spread out from themicrospheres and to organize themselves in 3D structures producing a mineralized extracellular matrix. These promising results suggest that pectin can be proposed as an injectable cell vehicle for bone tissue regeneration. {\textcopyright} 2011 American Chemical Society.},
	keywords = {3-D Cell culture, 3D Structure, 3T3 Cells, Adhesion, Alginate, animal cell, Animals, arginylglycylaspartic acid, article, Biocompatible Materials, Biopolymers, Bone, Bone and Bones, Bone Regeneration, bone tissue, Bone tissue engineering, Bone tissue regeneration, carbohydrate analysis, cell adhesion, Cell culture, cell differentiation, cell growth, cell metabolism, cell proliferation, cell spreading, cell structure, cell viability, Cells, Chemical modification, Chemical structure, controlled study, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Extracellular matrices, extracellular matrix, gene expression, immobilized cell, Immobilized cells, Injectable biomaterials, Injections, MC3T3-E1, Metabolic activity, Mice, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, microsphere, Microspheres, Mineralized extracellular matrixes, mouse, Natural polysaccharide, nonhuman, Oligopeptides, osteoblast, osteocalcin, Osteogenic differentiation, pectin, Pectins, Plant cell culture, Plant cell wall, Preosteoblasts, priority journal, RGD peptide, Three dimensional, Tissue engineering},
	isbn = {15257797 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79955409005\&partnerID=40\&md5=277a7d5e91116f9a03f144aabda0dd96},
	author = {Munarin, F. and Guerreiro, S.G. and Grellier, M.A. and Tanzi, M.C. and Barbosa, M.A. and Petrini, P. and Granja, P.L.}
}
@article {2287,
	title = {Anti-adhesion and antiproliferative cellulose triacetate membrane for prevention of biomaterial-centred infections associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis},
	journal = {International Journal of Antimicrobial AgentsInt. J. Antimicrob. Agents},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 2Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: IAAGEdoi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.017PubMed ID: 19942411Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Extremina, C.I.; REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farm{\'a}cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua An{\'\i}bal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal; email: extremina@gmail.comChemicals/CAS: cellulose triacetate, 9012-09-3; cilastatin plus imipenem, 92309-29-0; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Cellulose, 9004-34-6; Imipenem, 74431-23-5; cellulose triacetate, 9012-09-3Tradenames: tienam, Merck Sharp and Dohme, GermanyManufacturers: Eastman Kodak, Netherlands; Merck Sharp and Dohme, GermanyReferences: Darouiche, R.O., Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants (2004) N Engl J Med, 350, pp. 1422-1429;Fonseca, A.P., Extremina, C., Fonseca, A.F., Sousa, J.C., Effect of subinhibitory concentration of piperacillin/tazobactam on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2004) J Med Microbiol, 53, pp. 903-910; 
Donelli, G., Francolini, I., Piozzi, A., Di Rosa, R., Marconi, W., New polymer-antibiotic systems to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation: a suitable approach to prevent central venous catheter-associated infections (2002) J Chemother, 14, pp. 501-507; 
Akiyama, H., Okamoto, S., Prophylaxis of indwelling urethral catheter infection: clinical experience with a modified Foley catheter and drainage system (1979) J Urol, 121, pp. 40-42; 
Granja, P.L., Baquey, C., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., Bareille, R., De J{\'e}so, B., Barbosa, M.A., Cellulose-based biomaterials for bone regeneration: hemi-synthesis and characterisation (1996) Proceedings of polymers in medicine and surgery-PIMS{\textquoteright}96, pp. 73-80. , Glasgow, UK; 
Elam, J.H., Karlsson, C.H., Nygren, H., Pre-adsorption of cellulose ether onto polymer surfaces: adsorption of adhesins and platelet activation (1992) Biomaterials, 14, pp. 233-237; 
Fonseca, A.P., Granja, P.L., Nogueira, J.A., Oliveira, D.R., Barbosa, M.A., Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A adhesion to chemically modified cellulose derivatives (2001) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 12, pp. 543-548; 
Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (2006) Sixteenth informational supplement. Document M100-S16. Wayne, PA: CLSI, , Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 
Vacheethasanee, K., Temenoff, J.S., Higashi, J.M., Gary, A., Anderson, J.M., Bayston, R., Bacterial surface properties of clinically isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis strains determine adhesion on polyethylene (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 42, pp. 425-432; 
Bhat, N.V., Wavhal, D.S., Preparation of cellulose triacetate pervaporation membrane by ammonia plasma treatment (2000) J Appl Polym Sci, 76, pp. 258-265; 
Amaral, I.F., Granja, P.L., Melo Luis, V., Saramago, B., Barbosa, M.A., Functionalization of chitosan membranes through phosphorylation: atomic force microscopy, wettability, and cytotoxicity studies (2006) J Appl Polym Sci, 102, pp. 276-284; 
Thomas, M.J.K., Ando, D.J., (1996) Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy: analytical chemistry by open learning, , Wiley, New York, NY; 
(1992) High resolution XPS of organic polymers: the Scienta ESCA300 database, , Beamson G., and Briggs D. (Eds), John Wiley \& Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK; 
Yigong Ge, Wikler, M.A., Sahm, D.F., Blosser-Middleton, R.S., Karlowsky, J.A., In vitro antimicrobial activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48, pp. 1384-1396; 
Mart{\'\i}nez-Mart{\'\i}nez, L., Pascual, A., Giglio, M.I., Perea, E.J., Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of β-lactams on the production of slime, surface hydrophobicity and adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis [in Spanish] (1991) Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 9, pp. 543-546
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {164 - 168},
	abstract = {The initial step in preventing biomaterial-associated infections consists of preventing bacterial adhesion to the device surface. One possible approach is the design of antibiotic-releasing biomaterials. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes with the antibiotic imipenem (IPM) entrapped (CTA-IPM) were prepared. The material was characterised in terms of surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, surface free energy of interaction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Antibiotic release studies were also performed. In vitro adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A to CTA-IPM was investigated using a modified microtitre plate assay, and the antibacterial activity of the CTA-IPM membrane was assessed by a modified Kirby-Bauer test, which showed effective entrapment of the antibiotic as confirmed by XPS and hydrophilicity assays. Release studies showed that this drug-polymer conjugate serves as an adequate reservoir for sustained release of IPM over a period of 71 h at an effective bacteriostatic concentration. Moreover, bacterial adhesion tests showed a statistically significant decrease in the adhesion of S. epidermidis RP62A to CTA-IPM compared with its adhesion to CTA alone. The present innovative approach is capable of providing a membrane with anti-adhesive and antiproliferative properties, thus encouraging in vivo studies to provide a better simulation of the clinical situation. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy.},
	keywords = {Adhesion, Anti-Bacterial Agents, antibacterial activity, Antimicrobial agents, article, Bacterial adhesion, bacterial growth, bacteriostasis, bacterium adherence, Biocompatible Materials, biomaterial, Cellulose, Cellulose triacetate, cilastatin plus imipenem, controlled study, device infection, drug screening, Equipment and Supplies, growth inhibition, Humans, hydrophilicity, Imipenem, in vitro study, infection prevention, Membranes, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, microtiter plate assay, nonhuman, priority journal, Prosthesis-Related Infections, Scanning electron microscopy, Staphylococcus epidermidis, surface property, sustained drug release, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {09248579 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72649093658\&partnerID=40\&md5=3fbe3d7e15447e7ae40bb5fdd3f63b61},
	author = {Extremina, C.I. and Fonseca, A.F.d. and Granja, P.L. and Fonseca, A.P.}
}
@article {2247,
	title = {De novo expression of CD44 variants in sporadic and hereditary gastric cancer},
	journal = {Laboratory InvestigationLab. Invest.},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: LAINAdoi: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.155PubMed ID: 20856229Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Da Cunha, C. B.; IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; email: rseruca@ipatimup.ptChemicals/CAS: uvomorulin, 112956-45-3; Antigens, CD44; CD44 protein, human; CD44v6 antigen; Cadherins; RNA, MessengerReferences: Aruffo, A., Stamenkovic, I., Melnick, M., CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate (1990) Cell, 61, pp. 1303-1313;Screaton, G.R., Bell, M.V., Jackson, D.G., Genomic structure of DNA encoding the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 reveals at least 12 alternatively spliced exons (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, pp. 12160-12164; 
Ponta, H., Wainwright, D., Herrlich, P., Molecules in focus the CD44 protein family (1998) Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 30, pp. 299-305; 
Rudzki, Z., Jothy, S., CD44 and the adhesion of neoplastic cells (1997) Mol Pathol, 50, pp. 57-71; 
Shtivelman, E., Bishop, J.M., Expression of CD44 is repressed in neuroblastoma cells (1991) Mol Cell Biol, 11, pp. 5446-5453; 
De Marzo, A.M., Bradshaw, C., Sauvageot, J., CD44 and CD44v6 downregulation in clinical prostatic carcinoma: Relation to Gleason grade and cytoarchitecture (1998) Prostate, 34, pp. 162-168; 
Joensuu, H., Klemi, P.J., Toikkanen, S., Glycoprotein CD44 expression and its association with survival in breast cancer (1993) Am J Pathol, 143, pp. 867-874; 
Friedrichs, K., Kugler, G., Franke, F., CD44 isoforms in prognosis of breast cancer (1995) Lancet, 345, p. 1237; 
Kaufmann, M., Heider, K.H., Sinn, H.P., CD44 variant exon epitopes in primary breast cancer and length of survival (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 615-619; 
Mulder, J.W., Kruyt, P.M., Sewnath, M., Colorectal cancer prognosis and expression of exon-v6-containing CD44 proteins (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1470-1472; 
Wielenga, V.J., Heider, K.H., Offerhaus, G.J., Expression of CD44 variant proteins in human colorectal cancer is related to tumor progression (1993) Cancer Res, 53, pp. 4754-4756; 
Terpe, H.J., Koopmann, R., Imhof, B.A., Expression of integrins and CD44 isoforms in non-Hodgkin{\textquoteright}s lymphomas: CD44 variant isoforms are preferentially expressed in high-grade malignant lymphomas (1994) J Pathol, 174, pp. 89-100; 
Takaishi, S., Okumura, T., Tu, S., Identification of gastric cancer stem cells using the cell surface marker CD44 (2009) Stem Cells, 27, pp. 1006-1020; 
Heider, K.-H., Dammrich, J., Skroch-Angel, P., Differential EXpression of CD44 splice variants in intestinal-and diffuse-type human gastric carcinomas and normal gastric mucosa (1993) Cancer Res, 53, pp. 4197-4203; 
Mayer, B., Jauch, K.W., Gunthert, U., De-novo expression of CD44 and survival in gastric cancer (1993) Lancet, 342, pp. 1019-1022; 
Muller, W., Schneiders, A., Heider, K.H., Expression and prognostic value of the CD44 splicing variants v5 and v6 in gastric cancer (1997) J Pathol, 183, pp. 222-227; 
Mirecka, J., Marx, D., Schauer, A., Immunohistochemical localization of CD44 variants 5 and 6 in human gastric mucosa and gastric cancer (1995) Anticancer Res, 15, pp. 1459-1465; 
Heider, K.H., Dammrich, J., Skroch-Angel, P., Differential expression of CD44 splice variants in intestinal-and diffuse-type human gastric carcinomas and normal gastric mucosa (1993) Cancer Res, 53, pp. 4197-4203; 
Hong, R.L., Lee, W.J., Shun, C.T., Expression of CD44 and its clinical implication in diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinomas (1995) Oncology, 52, pp. 334-339; 
Ghaffarzadehgan, K., Jafarzadeh, M., Raziee, H.R., Expression of cell adhesion molecule CD44 in gastric adenocarcinoma and its prognostic importance (2008) World J Gastroenterol, 14, pp. 6376-6381; 
Carneiro, F., Huntsman, D.G., Smyrk, T.C., Model of the early development of diffuse gastric cancer in E-cadherin mutation carriers and its implications for patient screening (2004) J Pathol, 203, pp. 681-687; 
Suriano, G., Mulholland, D., De Wever, O., The intracellular E-cadherin germline mutation V832M lacks the ability to mediate cell-cell adhesion and to suppress invasion (2003) Oncogene, 22, pp. 5716-5719; 
Suriano, G., Oliveira, C., Ferreira, P., Identification of CDH1 germline missense mutations associated with functional inactivation of the E-cadherin protein in young gastric cancer probands (2003) Hum Mol Genet, 12, pp. 575-582; 
Suriano, G., Oliveira, M.J., Huntsman, D., E-cadherin germline missense mutations and cell phenotype: Evidence for the independence of cell invasion on the motile capabilities of the cells (2003) Hum Mol Genet, 12, pp. 3007-3016; 
Oliveira, C., Bordin, M.C., Grehan, N., Screening E-cadherin in gastric cancer families reveals germline mutations only in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer kindred (2002) Hum Mutat, 19, pp. 510-517; 
MacHado, J.C., Oliveira, C., Carvalho, R., E-cadherin gene (CDH1) promoter methylation as the second hit in sporadic diffuse gastric carcinoma (2001) Oncogene, 20, pp. 1525-1528; 
Huntsman, D.G., Carneiro, F., Lewis, F.R., Early gastric cancer in young, asymptomatic carriers of germ-line E-cadherin mutations (2001) N Engl J Med, 344, pp. 1904-1909; 
Carneiro, F., MacHado, J.C., Seruca, R., E-cadherin changes in gastric carcimona (1999) Histopathology, 35, pp. 477-478; 
Mateus, A.R., Simoes-Correia, J., Figueiredo, J., E-cadherin mutations and cell motility: A genotype-phenotype correlation (2009) Exp Cell Res, 315, pp. 1393-1402; 
Oliveira, C., Senz, J., Kaurah, P., Germline CDH1 deletions in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer families (2009) Hum Mol Genet, 18, pp. 1545-1555; 
Oliveira, C., Sousa, S., Pinheiro, H., Quantification of epigenetic and genetic second hits in CDH1 during hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome progression (2009) Gastroenterology, 136, pp. 2137-2148; 
Lynch, H.T., Grady, W., Suriano, G., Gastric cancer: New genetic developments (2005) J Surg Oncol, 90, pp. 114-133. , discussion 133; 
Lauren, P., The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: Diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma. An attempt at a histo-clinical classification (1965) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, 64, pp. 31-49; 
Filipe, M.I., Jass, J.R., Intestinal metaplasia subtypes and cancer risk (1986) Gastric Carcinoma, pp. 87-115. , Filipe MI, Jass JR (eds). Churchill Livingstone, London; 
Sato, S., Yokozaki, H., Yasui, W., Silencing of the CD44 gene by CpG methylation in a human gastric carcinoma cell line (1999) Jpn J Cancer Res, 90, pp. 485-489; 
Guilford, P.H.J., Harraway, J., McLeod, M., E-cadherin germline mutations in familial gastric cancer (1998) Nature, 26, p. 6674; 
G{\"u}nthert, U., Hofmann, M., Rudy, W., A new variant of glycoprotein CD44 confers metastatic potential to rat carcinoma cells (1991) Cell, 65, pp. 13-24; 
Vr, O., Chen, L., Sleeman, J.P., CD44 is required for two consecutive steps in HGF/c-Met signaling (2002) Genes Dev, 16, pp. 3074-3086; 
Spk, D., Stefan, M., Wels, C., HGF-Promoted Motility in Primary Melanocytes Depends on CD44v6 Regulated via NF-kappa B, Egr-1, and C/EBP-beta (2010) J Investig Dermatol, 130, pp. 1893-1903; 
Mielgo, A., Van Driel, M., Bloem, A., A novel antiapoptotic mechanism based on interference of Fas signaling by CD44 variant isoforms (2006) Cell Death Differ, 13, pp. 465-477; 
Marhaba, R., Bourouba, M., Zoller, M., CD44v6 promotes proliferation by persisting activation of MAP kinases (2005) Cell Signal, 17, pp. 961-973; 
Bates, R.C., Edwards, N.S., Burns, G.F., A CD44 survival pathway triggers chemoresistance via lyn kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt in colon carcinoma cells (2001) Cancer Res, 61, pp. 5275-5283; 
Carvalho, R., Milne, A.N., Polak, M., A novel region of amplification at 11p12-13 in gastric cancer, revealed by representational difference analysis, is associated with overexpression of CD44v6, especially in early-onset gastric carcinomas (2006) Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 45, pp. 967-975; 
Heider, K.H., Hofmann, M., Hors, E., A human homologue of the rat metastasis-associated variant of CD44 is expressed in colorectal carcinomas and adenomatous polyps (1993) J Cell Biol, 120, pp. 227-233; 
Gulmann, C., Grace, A., Leader, M., CD44v6: A potential marker of malignant transformation in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach? An immunohistochemical study using tissue microarrays (2003) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 15, pp. 981-986; 
Wimmel, A., Kogan, E., Ramaswamy, A., Variant expression of CD44 in preneoplastic lesions of the lung (2001) Cancer, 92, pp. 1231-1236; 
Afify, A.M., Craig, S., Paulino, A.F., Expression of hyaluronic acid and its receptors, CD44s and CD44v6, in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium (2005) Ann Diagn Pathol, 9, pp. 312-318; 
Soon Cheol, H., Jae Yun, S., Jae Kwan, L., Significance of CD44v6 expression in gynecologic malignancies (2006) J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 32, pp. 379-386; 
Afify, A., Ma, M., Braggin, J., Expression of CD44s, CD44v6, and hyaluronan across the spectrum of normal-hyperplasia-carcinoma in breast (2008) Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 16, pp. 121-127; 
Judd, L.M., Andriga, A., Rubio, C.A., Gastric achlorhydria in H/K-ATPase-deficient (Atp4a(-/-)) mice causes severe hyperplasia, muco-cystic metaplasia and upregulation of growth factors (2005) J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 20, pp. 1266-1278; 
Liu, Y.J., Yan, P.S., Li, J., Expression and significance of CD44 s, CD44v6, and nm23 mRNA in human cancer (2005) World J Gastroenterol, 11, pp. 6601-6606; 
Polkowski, W.P., Skomra, D.G., Mielko, J., E-cadherin expression as predictive marker of proximal resection line involvement for advanced carcinoma of the gastric cardia (2004) E J Surg Oncol, 30, pp. 1084-1092; 
Seiter, S.A.R., Reber, S., Komitowski, D., Prevention of tumor metastasis formation by anti-variant CD44 (1993) J Experiment Med, 177, pp. 443-455; 
Reeder, J.A., Gotley, D.C., Walsh, M.D., Expression of ANTisense CD44 variant 6 inhibits colorectal tumor metastasis and tumor growth in a wound environment (1998) Cancer Res, 58, pp. 3719-3726; 
Nishii, T., Yashiro, M., Shinto, O., Cancer stem cell-like SP cells have a high adhesion ability to the peritoneum in gastric carcinoma (2009) Cancer Sci, 100, pp. 1397-1402; 
Carneiro, F., Huntsman, D.G., Smyrk, T.C., Model of the early development of diffuse gastric cancer in E-cadherin mutation carriers and its implications for patient screening (2004) J Pathol, 203, pp. 681-687; 
Pdp, P., Guilford, P., Caldas, C., The International Gastric Cancer Linkage C. Incidence of gastric cancer and breast cancer in CDH1 (E-cadherin) mutation carriers from hereditary diffuse gastric cancer families (2001) Gastroenterology, 121, pp. 1348-1353; 
Humar, B., Fukuzawa, R., Blair, V., Destabilized adhesion in the gastric proliferative zone and c-Src kinase activation mark the development of early diffuse gastric cancer (2007) Cancer Res, 67, pp. 2480-2489; 
Ferrari, M., Cancer nanotechnology: Opportunities and challenges (2005) Nat Rev Cancer, 5, pp. 161-171; 
Yww, W., Chen, Y., Huang, K., The investigation of polymer-siRNA nanoparticle for gene therapy of gastric cancer in vitro (2010) Int J Nanomed, 5, pp. 129-136
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {1604 - 1614},
	abstract = {CD44 is the major ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. The CD44 gene encodes several protein isoforms due to extensive alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. Some of these CD44 variable isoforms have been foreseen as key players in malignant transformation and their expression is highly restricted and highly specific, unlike the canonical CD44 standard isoform. In this study, we aimed at dissecting the mRNA splicing pattern of CD44 in normal stomach and gastric cancer (GC) cell lines (n9) using cloning and quantitative mRNA amplification assays. Moreover, we assessed the RNA levels and protein expression pattern of relevant splicing forms in distinct premalignant and malignant gastric lesions (sporadic (n43) and hereditary (n3) forms) using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. We also explored the association of CD44 and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry, as E-cadherin has a pivotal functional role in GC. We established the pattern of CD44 variant forms in normal stomach and gastric malignancy. We observed that although exon v6-containing isoforms were rarely expressed in normal gastric mucosa, they became increasingly expressed both in gastric premalignant (hyperplastic polyps, complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia, low- and high-grade dysplasia) and malignant lesions (cell lines derived from GCs, primary sporadic GCs and hereditary diffuse GCs (HDGCs)). Moreover, we verified that whenever E-cadherin expression was absent, exon v6-containing CD44 isoforms were overexpressed. The lack of expression of CD44 isoforms containing exon v6 in the surface and foveolar epithelia of normal stomach and, its de novo expression in premalignant, as well as in sporadic and hereditary malignant lesions of the stomach, pinpoint CD44 v6-containg isoforms as potential biomarkers for early transformation of the gastric mucosa. Further, our results raise the hypothesis of using CD44v6 as a marker of early invasive intramucosal carcinoma in HDGC CDH1 mutation carriers that lack CDH1 expression in their tumors. {\textcopyright} 2010 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Alternative Splicing, Antigens, CD44, article, Cadherins, CD44, CD44v6, CD44v6 antigen, CD44v7 antigen, Cell Line, Tumor, clinical article, controlled study, E-cadherin, familial cancer, Gastric Mucosa, Germ-Line Mutation, HDGC, Hermes antigen, human, human tissue, Humans, immunohistochemistry, intestine metaplasia, messenger RNA, Neoplasm Metastasis, priority journal, protein expression, real time polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA splicing, RNA, Messenger, splicing, sporadic GC, stomach, stomach cancer, stomach mucosa, Stomach Neoplasms, stomach polyp, tumor marker, unclassified drug, uvomorulin},
	isbn = {00236837 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78049336816\&partnerID=40\&md5=54af5eaf06d939334ff22d68de54abba},
	author = {Da Cunha, C.B. and Oliveira, C. and Wen, X. and Gomes, B. and Sousa, S. and Suriano, G. and Grellier, M. and Huntsman, D.G. and Carneiro, F. and Granja, P.L. and Seruca, R.}
}
@article {2278,
	title = {Functionalization of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with hydrophobic chains for improved gene delivery in mesenchymal stem cells},
	journal = {Journal of Controlled ReleaseJ. Control. Release},
	volume = {144},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 28Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JCREEdoi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.01.034PubMed ID: 20138937Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Tom{\'a}s, H.; CQM - Centro de Qu{\'\i}mica da Madeira, MMRG, Departamento de Qu{\'\i}mica, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universit{\'a}rio da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; email: lenat@uma.ptChemicals/CAS: lipid, 66455-18-3; nuclease, 9026-81-7; Cations; DNA, 9007-49-2; Dendrimers; Lipids; PAMAM StarburstReferences: Segura, T., Shea, L.D., Materials for non-viral gene delivery (2001) Annu. Rev. Mat. Res., 31, pp. 25-46;Mastrobattista, E., Bravo, S.A., van der Aa, M., Crommelin, D.J.A., Nonviral gene delivery systems: from simple transfection agents to artificial viruses (2005) Drug Discov. Today Technol., 2, pp. 103-109; 
Colella, P., Cotugno, G., Auricchio, A., Ocular gene therapy: current progress and future prospects (2009) Trends Mol. Med., 15, pp. 23-31; 
Scanlon, K.J., Cancer gene therapy: challenges and opportunities (2004) Anticancer Res., 24, pp. 501-504; 
Gersbach, C.A., Phillips, J.E., Garcia, A.J., Genetic engineering for skeletal regenerative medicine (2007) Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 9, pp. 87-119; 
Heyde, M., Partridge, K.A., Oreffo, R.O., Howdle, S.M., Shakesheff, K.M., Garnett, M.C., Gene therapy used for tissue engineering applications (2007) J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 59, pp. 329-350; 
Gafni, Y., Turgeman, G., Liebergal, M., Pelled, G., Gazit, Z., Gazit, D., Stem cells as vehicles for orthopedic gene therapy (2004) Gene Ther., 11, pp. 417-426; 
Vaananen, H.K., Mesenchymal stem cells (2005) Ann. Med., 37, pp. 469-479; 
Phillips, J.E., Gersbach, C.A., Garcia, A.J., Virus-based gene therapy strategies for bone regeneration (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 211-229; 
Lundstrom, K., Latest development in viral vectors for gene therapy (2003) Trends Biotechnol., 21, pp. 117-122; 
Noel, D., Gazit, D., Bouquet, C., Apparailly, F., Bony, C., Plence, P., Millet, V., Jorgensen, C., Short-term BMP-2 expression is sufficient for in vivo osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (2004) Stem Cells, 22, pp. 74-85; 
Mintzer, M.A., Simanek, E.E., Nonviral vectors for gene delivery (2009) Chem. Rev., 109, pp. 259-302; 
Hamm, A., Krott, N., Breibach, I., Blindt, R., Bosserhoff, A.K., Efficient transfection method for primary cells (2002) Tissue Eng., 8, pp. 235-245; 
McMahon, J.M., Conroy, S., Lyons, M., Greiser, U., O{\textquoteright}Shea, C., Strappe, P., Howard, L., O{\textquoteright}Brien, T., Gene transfer into rat mesenchymal stem cells: a comparative study of viral and nonviral vectors (2006) Stem Cells Dev., 15, pp. 87-96; 
Jang, W.-D., Selim, K.M.K., Lee, C.-H., Kang, I.-K., Bioinspired application of dendrimers: from bio-mimicry to biomedical applications (2009) Prog. Polym. Sci., 34, pp. 1-23; 
Svenson, S., Tomalia, D.A., Dendrimers in biomedical applications-reflections on the field (2005) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 57, pp. 2106-2129; 
Caminade, A.M., Turrin, C.O., Majoral, J.P., Dendrimers and DNA: combinations of two special topologies for nanomaterials and biology (2008) Chemistry, 14, pp. 7422-7432; 
Dufes, C., Uchegbu, I.F., Schatzlein, A.G., Dendrimers in gene delivery (2005) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 57, pp. 2177-2202; 
Guillot, M., Eisler, S., Diederich, F., Dendritic vectors for gene transfection (2007) New J. Chem., 31, pp. 1111-1127; 
Lechardeur, D., Verkman, A.S., Lukacs, G.L., Intracellular routing of plasmid DNA during non-viral gene transfer (2005) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 57, pp. 755-767; 
Smith, D.K., Dendrimers and the double helix - from DNA binding towards gene therapy (2008) Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 8, pp. 1187-1203; 
Dobrovolskaia, M.A., McNeil, S.E., Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials (2007) Nat. Nanotechnol., 2, pp. 469-478; 
Kukowska-Latallo, J.F., Bielinska, A.U., Johnson, J., Spindler, R., Tomalia, D.A., Baker, J.R., Efficient transfer of genetic material into mammalian cells using Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 93, pp. 4897-4902; 
Santos, J.L., Oramas, E., Pego, A.P., Granja, P.L., Tomas, H., Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells using PAMAM dendrimers as gene delivery vectors (2009) J. Control. Release, 134, pp. 141-148; 
Dennig, J., Duncan, E., Gene transfer into eukaryotic cells using activated polyamidoamine dendrimers (2002) J. Biotechnol., 90, pp. 339-347; 
Kono, K., Akiyama, H., Takahashi, T., Takagishi, T., Harada, A., Transfection activity of polyamidoamine dendrimers having hydrophobic amino acid residues in the periphery (2005) Bioconjug. Chem., 16, pp. 208-214; 
Takahashi, T., Harada, A., Emi, N., Kono, K., Preparation of efficient gene carriers using a polyamidoamine dendron-bearing lipid: improvement of serum resistance (2005) Bioconjug. Chem., 16, pp. 1160-1165; 
Takahashi, T., Kojima, C., Harada, A., Kono, K., Alkyl chain moieties of polyamidoamine dendron-bearing lipids influence their function as a nonviral gene vector (2007) Bioconjug. Chem., 18, pp. 1349-1354; 
Takahashi, T., Kono, K., Itoh, T., Emi, N., Takagishi, T., Synthesis of novel cationic lipids having polyamidoamine dendrons and their transfection activity (2003) Bioconjug. Chem., 14, pp. 764-773; 
Jones, S.P., Gabrielson, N.P., Pack, D.W., Smith, D.K., Synergistic effects in gene delivery - a structure-activity approach to the optimisation of hybrid dendritic-lipidic transfection agents (2008) Chem. Commun., 39, pp. 4700-4702; 
Shah, D.S., Sakthivel, T., Toth, I., Florence, A.T., Wilderspin, A.F., DNA transfection and transfected cell viability using amphipathic asymmetric dendrimers (2000) Int. J. Pharm., 208, pp. 41-48; 
Ahmad, A., Evans, H.M., Ewert, K., George, C.X., Samuel, C.E., Safinya, C.R., New multivalent cationic lipids reveal bell curve for transfection efficiency versus membrane charge density: lipid-DNA complexes for gene delivery (2005) J. Gene Med., 7, pp. 739-748; 
Ewert, K.K., Evans, H.M., Zidovska, A., Bouxsein, N.F., Ahmad, A., Safinya, C.R., A columnar phase of dendritic lipid-based cationic liposome-DNA complexes for gene delivery: hexagonally ordered cylindrical micelles embedded in a DNA honeycomb lattice (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, pp. 3998-4006; 
Guillot, M., Eisler, S., Weller, K., Merkle, H.P., Gallani, J.L., Diederich, F., Effects of structural modification on gene transfection and self-assembling properties of amphiphilic dendrimers (2006) Org. Biomol. Chem., 4, pp. 766-769; 
Joester, D., Losson, M., Pugin, R., Heinzelmann, H., Walter, E., Merkle, H.P., Diederich, F., Amphiphilic dendrimers: novel self-assembling vectors for efficient gene delivery (2003) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 42, pp. 1486-1490; 
Alvarez, E., Girones, N., Davis, R.J., Inhibition of the receptor-mediated endocytosis of diferric transferrin is associated with the covalent modification of the transferrin receptor with palmitic acid (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, pp. 16644-16655; 
Jevprasesphant, R., Penny, J., Attwood, D., McKeown, N.B., D{\textquoteright}Emanuele, A., Engineering of dendrimer surfaces to enhance transepithelial transport and reduce cytotoxicity (2003) Pharm. Res., 20, pp. 1543-1550; 
Snyder, S.L., Sobocinski, P.Z., An improved 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid method for the determination of amines (1975) Anal. Biochem., 64, pp. 284-288; 
Lapidot, Y., Rappoport, S., Wolman, Y., Use of esters of N-hydroxysuccinimide in the synthesis of N-acylamino acids (1967) J. Lipid. Res., 8, pp. 142-145; 
Gao, X., Huang, L., Potentiation of cationic liposome-mediated gene delivery by polycations (1996) Biochemistry, 35, pp. 1027-1036; 
Aubin, J.E., Osteoprogenitor cell frequency in rat bone marrow stromal populations: role for heterotypic cell-cell interactions in osteoblast differentiation (1999) J. Cell Biochem., 72, pp. 396-410; 
Perrot, S., Dutertre-Catella, H., Martin, C., Rat, P., Warnet, J.M., Resazurin metabolism assay is a new sensitive alternative test in isolated pig cornea (2003) Toxicol. Sci., 72, pp. 122-129; 
Hosseinkhani, H., Yamamoto, M., Inatsugu, Y., Hiraoka, Y., Inoue, S., Shimokawa, H., Tabata, Y., Enhanced ectopic bone formation using a combination of plasmid DNA impregnation into 3-D scaffold and bioreactor perfusion culture (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 1387-1398; 
Wong, S.Y., Pelet, J.M., Putnam, D., Polymer systems for gene delivery - past, present, and future (2007) Prog. Polym. Sci., 32, pp. 799-837; 
Abbasi, M., Uludag, H., Incani, V., Hsu, C.Y., Jeffery, A., Further investigation of lipid-substituted poly(L-lysine) polymers for transfection of human skin fibroblasts (2008) Biomacromolecules, 9, pp. 1618-1630; 
Sorgi, F.L., Bhattacharya, S., Huang, L., Protamine sulfate enhances lipid-mediated gene transfer (1997) Gene Ther., 4, pp. 961-968; 
Lampela, P., Soininen, P., Urtti, A., M{\"a}nnist{\"o}, P.T., Raasmaja, A., Synergism in gene delivery by small PEIs and three different nonviral vectors (2004) Int. J. Pharm., 270, pp. 175-184; 
Brito, L., Little, S., Langer, R., Amiji, M., Poly(β-amino ester) and cationic phospholipid-based lipopolyplexes for gene delivery and transfection in human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells (2008) Biomacromolecules, 9, pp. 1179-1187; 
Hardy, J.G., Love, C.S., Gabrielson, N.P., Pack, D.W., Smith, D.K., Synergistic effects on gene delivery - co-formulation of small disulfide-linked dendritic polycations with Lipofectamine 2000TM (2009) Org. Biomol. Chem., 7, pp. 789-793; 
Callow, P., Fragneto, G., Cubitt, R., Barlow, D.J., Lawrence, M.J., Timmins, P., Interaction of cationic lipid vesicles with model cell membranes - as determined by neutron reflectivity (2005) Langmuir, 21, pp. 7912-7920; 
Malik, N., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Klopsch, R., Lorenz, K., Frey, H., Weener, J.W., Meijer, E.W., Duncan, R., Dendrimers: relationship between structure and biocompatibility in vitro, and preliminary studies on the biodistribution of 125I-labelled polyamidoamine dendrimers in vivo (2000) J. Control. Release, 65, pp. 133-148
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {55 - 64},
	abstract = {A new family of gene delivery vectors is synthesized consisting of a medium-size generation PAMAM dendrimer (generation 5, with amine termini) core randomly linked at the periphery to hydrophobic chains that vary in length (12 to 16 carbon alkyl chains) and number (from 4.2 to 9.7 in average). The idea subjacent to the present work is to join the advantages of the cationic nature of the dendrimer with the capacity of lipids to interact with biological membranes. Unlike other amphiphilic systems designed for the same purpose, where the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties coexist in opposite sides, the present vectors have a hydrophilic interior and a hydrophobic corona. The vectors are characterized in respect to their ability to neutralize, bind and compact plasmid DNA (pDNA). The complexes formed between the vectors and pDNA are analyzed concerning their size, ζ-potential, resistance to serum nucleases, capacity of being internalized by cells and transfection efficiency. These new vectors show a remarkable capacity for mediating the internalization of pDNA with minimum cytotoxicity, being this effect positively correlated with the -CH                        2- content present in the hydrophobic corona. Gene expression in MSCs, a cell type with relevancy in the regenerative medicine clinical context, is also enhanced using the new vectors but, in this case, the higher efficiency is shown by the vectors containing the smallest hydrophobic chains. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier B.V.
},
	keywords = {amphophile, animal cell, animal experiment, article, Biological membranes, Biomedical applications, cation, Cations, Cell culture, cell membrane transport, cell type, Cellular uptake, controlled study, Cytotoxicity, dendrimer, Dendrimers, DNA, DNA binding, Dyes, Functional polymers, Gene delivery, gene delivery system, gene expression, Gene therapy, Gene transfer, Gene Transfer Techniques, gene vector, Genes, genetic transfection, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Hydrocarbons, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, internalization, lipid, Lipids, male, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, nonhuman, nuclease, Nucleic acids, plasmid DNA, Plasmids, Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers, polyamidoamine, Polyamidoamine dendrimers, priority journal, rat, Regenerative Medicine, Stem cells, Transfection, Vectors, Zeta potential},
	isbn = {01683659 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77953239685\&partnerID=40\&md5=51dd40fc4a666fd362b5eaa2447703dd},
	author = {Santos, J.L. and Oliveira, H. and Pandita, D. and Rodrigues, J. and P{\^e}go, A.P. and Granja, P.L. and Tom{\'a}s, H.}
}
@article {2264,
	title = {Immobilization of human mesenchymal stem cells within RGD-grafted alginate microspheres and assessment of their angiogenic potential},
	journal = {BiomacromoleculesBiomacromolecules},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 18Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BOMAFdoi: 10.1021/bm100264aPubMed ID: 20690708Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Granja, P. L.; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Rua do Campo Alegre No. 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: pgranja@ineb.up.ptMolecular Sequence Numbers: GENBANK: BC021289, NM_000088, NM_002046;Chemicals/CAS: alginic acid, 28961-37-7, 29894-36-8, 9005-32-7, 9005-38-3; alkaline phosphatase, 9001-78-9; arginylglycylaspartic acid, 99896-85-2; Alginates; Alkaline Phosphatase, 3.1.3.1; Collagen Type I; DNA Primers; Oligopeptides; arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid, 99896-85-2References: Temenoff, J.S., Mikos, A.G., Injectable biodegradable materials for orthopedic tissue engineering (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 2405-2412;Barralet, J.E., Wang, L., Lawson, M., Triffitt, J.T., Cooper, P.R., Shelton, R.M., Comparison of bone marrow cell growth on 2D and 3D alginate hydrogels (2005) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 16, pp. 515-519; 
Ma, H.L., Hung, S.C., Lin, S.Y., Chen, Y.L., Lo, W.H., Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in alginate beads (2003) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 64, pp. 273-281; 
Augst, A.D., Kong, H.J., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as biomaterials (2006) Macromol. Biosci., 6, pp. 623-633; 
Smidsrod, O., Skjak-Braek, G., Alginate as immobilization matrix for cells (1990) Trends Biotechnol., 8, pp. 71-78; 
Jen, A.C., Wake, M.C., Mikos, A.G., Review: Hydrogels for cell immobilization (1996) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 50, pp. 357-364; 
Oliveira, S.M., Barrias, C.C., Almeida, I.F., Costa, P.C., Ferreira, M.R.P., Bahia, M.F., Barbosa R. M, A., Injectability of a bone filler system based on hydroxyapatite microspheres and a vehicle with in situ gel-forming ability (2008) J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B, 87, pp. 49-8; 
Evangelista, M.B., Hsiong, S.X., Fernandes, R., Sampaio, P., Kong, H.-J., Barrias, C.C., Salema, R., Granja, P.L., Upregulation of bone cell differentiation through immobilization within a synthetic extracellular matrix (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 3644-3655; 
Rowley, J.A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 45-53; 
Kong, H.J., Smith, M.K., Mooney, D.J., Designing alginate hydrogels to maintain viability of immobilized cells (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 4023-4029; 
Grellier, M., Granja, P.L., Fricain, J.-C., Bidarra, S.J., Renard, M., Bareille, R., Bourget, C., Barbosa, M.A., The effect of the co-immobilization of human osteoprogenitors and endothelial cells within alginate microspheres on mineralization in a bone defect (2009) Biomaterials, 30, pp. 3271-3278; 
Caplan, A.I., Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine (2007) J. Cell. Physiol., 213, pp. 341-347; 
Horwitz, E.M., MSC: A coming of age in regenerative medicine (2006) Cytotherapy, 8, pp. 194-195; 
Sumanasinghe, R.D., Bernacki, S.H., Loboa, E.G., Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in collagen matrices: Effect of uniaxial cyclic tensile strain on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) mRNA expression (2006) Tissue Eng., 12, pp. 3459-3465; 
Granero-Molto, F., Weis, J.A., Longobardi, L., Spagnoli, A., Role of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine: Application to bone and cartilage repair (2008) Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 8, pp. 255-268; 
Markusen, J.F., Mason, C., Hull, D.A., Town, M.A., Tabor, A.B., Clements, M., Boshoff, C.H., Dunnill, P., Behavior of adult human mesenchymal stem cells entrapped in alginate-GRGDY beads (2006) Tissue Eng., 12, pp. 821-830; 
Duggal, S., Fronsdal, K.B., Szoke, K., Shahdadfar, A., Melvik, J.E., Brinchmann, J.E., Phenotype and gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells in alginate scaffolds (2009) Tissue Eng., Part A, 15, pp. 1763-1773; 
Kasper, G., Dankert, N., Tuischer, J., Hoeft, M., Gaber, T., Glaeser, J.D., Zander, D., Duda, G.N., Mesenchymal stem cells regulate angiogenesis according to their mechanical environment (2007) Stem Cells, 25, pp. 903-910; 
Gruber, R., Kandler, B., Holzmann, P., Vogele-Kadletz, M., Losert, U., Fischer, M.B., Watzek, G., Bone marrow stromal cells can provide a local environment that favors migration and formation of tubular structures of endothelial cells (2005) Tissue Eng., 11, pp. 896-903; 
Valarmathi, M.T., Yost, M.J., Goodwin, R.L., Potts, J.D., A three-dimensional tubular scaffold that modulates the osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (2008) Tissue Eng., Part A, 14, pp. 491-504; 
Potapova, I.A., Gaudette, G.R., Brink, P.R., Robinson, R.B., Rosen, M.R., Cohen, I.S., Doronin, S.V., Mesenchymal stem cells support migration, extracellular matrix invasion, proliferation, and survival of endothelial cells in vitro (2007) Stem Cells, 25, pp. 1761-1768; 
Moon, J.J., West, J.L., Vascularization of engineered tissues: Approaches to promote angiogenesis in biomaterials (2008) Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 8, pp. 300-310; 
Carano, R.A.D., Filvaroff, E.H., Angiogenesis and bone repair (2003) Drug Discovery Today, 8, pp. 980-989; 
Eriksen, E.F., Eghbali-Fatourechi, G.Z., Khosla, S., Remodeling and vascular spaces in bone (2007) J. Bone Miner. Res., 22, pp. 1-6; 
Schroeder, T.M., Jensen, E.D., Westendorf, J.J., Runx2: A master organizer of gene transcription in developing and maturing osteoblasts (2005) Birth Defects Res., Part C, 75, pp. 213-225; 
Soares, R., Guo, S., Ga{\textquoteright}rtner, F., Schmitt, F., Russo, J., 17β-Estradiol-mediated vessel assembly and stabilization in tumor angiogenesis requires TGFβ and EGFR crosstalk (2003) Angiogenesis, 6, pp. 271-281; 
Kubota, Y., Kleinman, H.K., Martin, G.R., Lawley, T.J., Role of laminin and basement membrane in the morphological differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures (1988) J. Cell Biol., 107, pp. 1589-1598; 
Kaully, T., Kaufman-Francis, K., Lesman, A., Levenberg, S., Vascularization-The conduit to viable engineered tissues (2009) Tissue Eng., Part B, 15, pp. 159-169; 
Silva, E.A., Mooney, D.J., Spatiotemporal control of vascular endothelial growth factor delivery from injectable hydrogels enhances angiogenesis (2007) J. Thromb. Haemost., 5, pp. 590-598; 
Fuchs, S., Jiang, X., Schmidt, H., Dohle, E., Ghanaati, S., Orth, C., Hofmann, A., Kirkpatrick, C.J., Dynamic processes involved in the pre-vascularization of silk fibroin constructs for bone regeneration using outgrowth endothelial cells (2009) Biomaterials, 30, pp. 1329-1338; 
Hsiong, S.X., Mooney, D.J., Regeneration of vascularized bone (2006) Periodontol. 2000, 41, pp. 109-122; 
Abbah, S., Lu, W., Chan, D., Cheung, K., Liu, W., Zhao, F., Li, Z., Luk, K., Osteogenic behavior of alginate encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells: An in vitro study (2008) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 19, pp. 2113-2119; 
Moioli, E.K., Hong, L., Mao, J.J., Inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (2007) Wound Repair Regen., 15, pp. 413-421; 
Healy, K.E., Guldberg, R.E., Bone tissue engineering (2007) J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact., 7, pp. 328-330; 
Stein, G.S., Lian, J.B., Owen, T.A., Relationship of cell growth to the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression during osteoblast differentiation (1990) FASEB J., 4, pp. 3111-3123; 
Lian, J.B., Stein, G.S., Concepts of osteoblast growth and differentiation: Basis for modulation of bone cell development and tissue formation (1992) Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med., 3, pp. 269-305; 
Huang, Y.-C., Kaigler, D., Rice, K.G., Krebsbach, P.H., Mooney, D.J., Combined angiogenic and osteogenic factor delivery enhances bone marrow stromal cell-driven bone regeneration (2005) J. Bone Miner. Res., 20, pp. 848-857; 
Fang, T.D., Salim, A., Xia, W., Nacamuli, R.P., Guccione, S., Song, H.M., Carano, R.A., Longaker, M.T., Angiogenesis is required for successful bone induction during distraction osteogenesis (2005) J. Bone Miner. Res., 20, pp. 1114-1124; 
Villars, F., Bordenave, L., Bareille, R., Am{\'e}d{\'e}e, J., Effect of human endothelial cells on human bone marrow stromal cell phenotype: Role of VEGF (2000) J. Cell. Biochem., 79, pp. 672-685; 
Kaigler, D., Krebsbach, P.H., Polverini, P.J., Mooney, D.J., Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone marrow stromal cell modulation of endothelial cells (2003) Tissue Eng., 9, pp. 95-103; 
Grellier, M., Ferreira-Tojais, N., Bourget, C., Bareillke, R., Guillemot, F., Am{\'e}d{\'e}e, J., Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the communication between human osteoprogenitors and endothelial cells (2009) J. Cell. Biochem., 106, pp. 390-398; 
Yu, J., Gu, Y., Du, K.T., Mihardja, S., Sievers, R.E., Lee, R.J., The effect of injected RGD modified alginate on angiogenesis and left ventricular function in a chronic rat infarct model (2009) Biomaterials, 30, pp. 751-756
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {1956 - 1964},
	abstract = {In this work, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) immobilized in RGD-coupled alginate microspheres, with a binary composition of high and low molecular weight alginate, were investigated. Cells immobilized within RGD-alginate microspheres (during 21 days) showed metabolic activity, with an overall viability higher than 90\%, short cell extensions, and, when induced, they were able to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage. In osteogenic conditions (comparing to basal conditions), immobilized cells presented alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and an upregulation of ALP, collagen type I, and Runx 2 expression. Moreover, mineralization was also detected in immobilized cells under osteogenic stimulus. In addition, it was demonstrated for the first time that MSCs immobilized in this 3D matrix were able to enhance the ability of neighboring endothelial cells to form tubelike structures. Overall, these findings represent a step forward in the development of injectable stem cell carriers for bone tissue engineering. {\textcopyright} 2010 American Chemical Society.},
	keywords = {Alginate, Alginates, alginic acid, alkaline phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase activity, angiogenesis, arginylglycylaspartic acid, article, Basal conditions, Base Sequence, Binary composition, bone development, Bone tissue engineering, Cell culture, cell differentiation, Cell extension, Cell immobilization, cell metabolism, cell structure, cell viability, collagen type 1, Collagen type I, controlled study, DNA Primers, Endothelial Cells, endothelium cell, enzyme activity, human, human cell, Human mesenchymal stem cells, Humans, immobilized cell, Immobilized cells, Low molecular weight, matrix, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Metabolic activity, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, microsphere, Microspheres, molecular weight, Neovascularization, Physiologic, nucleotide sequence, Oligopeptides, osteoblast, Osteogenic, Phosphatases, priority journal, protein expression, quantitative analysis, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, stem cell, Stem cells, three dimensional imaging, Tissue engineering, transcription factor RUNX2, umbilical vein, Up-regulation, upregulation},
	isbn = {15257797 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955575798\&partnerID=40\&md5=d2d378c63dc49de9324e8dddb24ff2e9},
	author = {Bidarra, S.J. and Barrias, C.C. and Barbosa, M.A. and Soares, R. and Granja, P.L.}
}
@article {2272,
	title = {Receptor-mediated gene delivery using PAMAM dendrimers conjugated with peptides recognized by mesenchymal stem cells},
	journal = {Molecular PharmaceuticsMol. Pharm.},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 17Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: Scopusdoi: 10.1021/mp9002877PubMed ID: 20230026Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Balian, G.; Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; email: lenat@uma.ptChemicals/CAS: Dendrimers; Green Fluorescent Proteins, 147336-22-9; PAMAM Starburst; Peptides; enhanced green fluorescent proteinReferences: V{\"a}{\"a}n{\"a}nen, H.K., Mesenchymal stem cells (2005) Ann. Med., 37, pp. 469-479;Caplan, A.I., Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine (2007) J. Cell Physiol., 213, pp. 341-347; 
Kay, M.A., Glorioso, J.C., Naldini, L., Viral vectors for gene therapy: The art of turning infectious agents into vehicles of therapeutics (2001) Nat. Med., 7, pp. 33-40; 
Mastrobattista, E., Bravo, S.A., Van Der Aa, M., Crommelin, D.J.A., Nonviral gene delivery systems: From simple transfection agents to artificial viruses (2005) Drug Discovery Today: Technol., 2, pp. 103-109; 
Merdan, T., Kopecek, J., Kissel, T., Prospects for cationic polymers in gene and oligonucleotide therapy against cancer (2002) Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 54, pp. 715-758; 
Hamm, A., Krott, N., Breibach, I., Blindt, R., Bosserhoff, A.K., Efficient transfection method for primary cells (2002) Tissue Eng., 8, pp. 235-245; 
McMahon, J.M., Conroy, S., Lyons, M., Greiser, U., O{\textquoteright}Shea, C., Strappe, P., Howard, L., O{\textquoteright}Brien, T., Gene transfer into rat mesenchymal stem cells: A comparative study of viral and nonviral vectors (2006) Stem Cells Dev., 15, pp. 87-96; 
Svenson, S., Tomalia, D.A., Dendrimers in biomedical applications-reflections on the field (2005) Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 57, pp. 2106-2129; 
Duf-s, C., Uchegbu, I.F., Schatzlein, A.G., Dendrimers in gene delivery (2005) Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 57, pp. 2177-2202; 
Guillot, M., Eisler, S., Diederich, F., Dendritic vectors for gene transfection (2007) New J. Chem., 31, pp. 1111-1127; 
Smith, D.K., Dendrimers and the double helix-from DNA binding towards gene therapy (2008) Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 8, pp. 1187-1203; 
Kukowska-Latallo, J.F., Bielinska, A.U., Johnson, J., Spindler, R., Tomalia, D.A., Baker Jr., J.R., Efficient transfer of genetic material into mammalian cells using Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 93, pp. 4897-4902; 
Santos, J.L., Oramas, E., P{\^e}go, A.P., Granja, P.L., Tom{\'a}s, H., Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells using PAMAM dendrimers as gene delivery vectors (2009) J. Controlled Release, 134, pp. 141-148; 
Balian, G., (2008), Bone Targeting Peptides. In United States Patent 7,323,542, issued January 29Snyder, S.L., Sobocinski, P.Z., An improved 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid method for the determination of amines (1975) Anal. Biochem., 64, pp. 284-288; 
Haensler, J., Szoka Jr., F.C., Polyamidoamine cascade polymers mediate efficient transfection of cells in culture (1993) Bioconjugate Chem., 4, pp. 372-379; 
Hosseinkhani, H., Yamamoto, M., Inatsugu, Y., Hiraoka, Y., Inoue, S., Shimokawa, H., Tabata, Y., Enhanced ectopic bone formation using a combination of plasmid DNA impregnation into 3-D scaffold and bioreactor perfusion culture (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 1387-1398; 
Perrot, S., Dutertre-Catella, H., Martin, C., Rat, P., Warnet, J.M., Resazurin metabolism assay is a new sensitive alternative test in isolated pig cornea (2003) Toxicol. Sci., 72, pp. 122-129; 
Wood, K.C., Little, S.R., Langer, R., Hammond, P.T., A family of hierarchically self-assembling linear-dendritic hybrid polymers for highly efficient targeted gene delivery (2005) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 44, pp. 6704-6708; 
Dan Luo, K.H., Belcheva, N., Han, E., Mark Saltzman, W., Poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer for biocompatible, high-efficiency dna delivery (2002) Macromolecules, 35, pp. 3456-3462; 
Schaffer, D.V., Lauffenburger, D.A., Optimization of cell surface binding enhances efficiency and specificity of molecular conjugate gene delivery (1998) J. Biol. Chem., 273, pp. 28004-28009; 
Santos, J.L., Oliveira, H., Pandita, D., P{\^e}go, A.P., Granja, P.L., Tom{\'a}s, H., Functionalization of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with hydrophobic chains for improved gene delivery in mesenchymal stem cells (2010) J. Controlled Release, , doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.01.034
},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {763 - 774},
	abstract = {As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell types, the delivery of exogenous genes to this type of cell can be an important tool in tissue regeneration and engineering. However transfection of MSCs using nonviral gene delivery vectors is difficult, the development of more efficient and safe DNA vehicles being necessary. Moreover, specific transfection of MSCs may be required to avoid unwanted side effects in other tissues. In this study, a novel family of gene delivery vectors based on poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers functionalized with peptides displaying high affinity toward MSCs was prepared. The vectors were characterized with respect to their ability to neutralize, bind and compact plasmid DNA (pDNA). The complexes formed between the vectors and pDNA were analyzed concerning their size, -potential, capacity of being internalized by cells and transfection efficiency. These new vectors exhibited low cytotoxicity, receptor-mediated gene delivery into MSCs and transfection efficiencies superior to those presented by native dendrimers and by partially degraded dendrimers. {\textcopyright} 2010 American Chemical Society.},
	keywords = {animal cell, animal experiment, animal tissue, Animals, article, asparaginylserylmethionylisoleucylalanylhistidylasparaginyllysylthreonylarginylmethionylhistidylglycylglycylglycylserylcysteine, Cell recognition, cell survival, Cells, Cultured, controlled study, Cytotoxicity, dendrimer, Dendrimers, DNA, DNA binding, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, flow cytometry, Gene delivery, gene targeting, Gene Transfer Techniques, gene vector, genetic transfection, Genetic Vectors, Green Fluorescent Proteins, male, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Models, Theoretical, multigene family, nonhuman, PAMAM dendrimers, peptide, Peptides, plasmid DNA, polyamidoamine, priority journal, rat, Rats, Rats, Wistar, serylglycylhistidylglutaminylleucylleucylleucylasparaginyllysylmethionylprolylasparaginylglycylglycylglycylserylcysteine, unclassified drug, Zeta potential},
	isbn = {15438384 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77953253240\&partnerID=40\&md5=e06048334c689e2faa61e7b6b8ad9bf1},
	author = {Santos, J.L. and Pandita, D. and Rodrigues, J. and P{\^e}go, A.P. and Granja, P.L. and Balian, G. and Tom{\'a}s, H.}
}
@article {2323,
	title = {The correlation between the adsorption of adhesive proteins and cell behaviour on hydroxyl-methyl mixed self-assembled monolayers},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 41Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.048PubMed ID: 18952279Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Barrias, C.C.; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Divis{\~a}o de Biomateriais, Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: ccbarrias@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: fibronectin, 86088-83-7; gold, 7440-57-5; thiol derivative, 13940-21-1; Biocompatible Materials; Fibronectins; VitronectinReferences: Wilson, C.J., Clegg, R.E., Leavesley, D.I., Pearcy, M.J., Mediation of biomaterial-cell interactions by adsorbed proteins: a review (2005) Tissue Eng, 11, pp. 1-18;Garc{\'\i}a, A.J., Vega, M.D., Boettiger, D., Modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation through substrate-dependent changes in fibronectin conformation (1999) Mol Biol Cell, 10, pp. 785-798; 
Keselowsky, B.G., Collard, D.M., Garc{\'\i}a, A.J., Surface chemistry modulates fibronectin conformation and directs integrin binding and specificity to control cell adhesion (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A, 66, pp. 247-259; 
Underwood, P.A., Bennett, F.A., A comparison of the biological activities of the cell-adhesive proteins vitronectin and fibronectin (1989) J Cell Sci, 93, pp. 641-649; 
Steele, J.G., Johnson, G., Underwood, P.A., Role of serum vitronectin and fibronectin in adhesion of fibroblasts following seeding onto tissue culture polystyrene (1992) J~Biomed Mater Res, 26, pp. 861-884; 
Steele, J.G., Dalton, B.A., Johnson, G., Underwood, P.A., Polystyrene chemistry affects vitronectin activity: an explanation for cell attachment to tissue culture polystyrene but not to unmodified polystyrene (1993) J Biomed Mater Res, 27, pp. 927-940; 
Underwood, P.A., Steele, J.G., Dalton, B.A., Effects of polystyrene surface chemistry on the biological activity of solid phase fibronectin and vitronectin, analysed with monoclonal antibodies (1993) J Cell Sci, 104, pp. 793-803; 
Suzuki, S., Oldberg, A., Hayman, E.G., Pierschbacher, M.D., Ruoslahti, E., Complete amino acid sequence of human vitronectin deduced from cDNA. Similarity of cell attachment sites in vitronectin and fibronectin (1985) EMBO J, 4, pp. 2519-2524; 
Lee, M.H., Ducheyne, P., Lynch, L., Boettiger, D., Composto, R.J., Effect of biomaterial surface properties on fibronectin-alpha5beta1 integrin interaction and cellular attachment (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 1907-1916; 
Grinnell, F., Feld, M.K., Fibronectin adsorption on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces detected by antibody binding and analyzed during cell adhesion in serum-containing medium (1982) J Biol Chem, 257, pp. 4888-4893; 
Sousa, S.R., Lamghari, M., Sampaio, P., Moradas-Ferreira, P., Barbosa, M.A., Osteoblast adhesion and morphology on TiO 2 depends on the competitive preadsorption of albumin and fibronectin (2008) J Biomed Mater Res A, 84, pp. 281-290; 
Fabrizius-Homan, D.J., Cooper, S.L., Competitive adsorption of vitronectin with albumin, fibrinogen, and fibronectin on polymeric biomaterials (1991) J Biomed Mater Res, 25, pp. 953-971; 
Bale, M.D., Wohlfahrt, L.A., Mosher, D.F., Tomasini, B., Sutton, R.C., Identification of vitronectin as a major plasma protein adsorbed on polymer surfaces of different copolymer composition (1989) Blood, 74, pp. 2698-2706; 
Thomas, C.H., McFarland, C.D., Jenkins, M.L., Rezania, A., Steele, J.G., Healy, K.E., The role of vitronectin in the attachment and spatial distribution of bone-derived cells on materials with patterned surface chemistry (1997) J Biomed Mater Res, 37, pp. 81-93; 
McFarland, C.D., Thomas, C.H., DeFilippis, C., Steele, J.G., Healy, K.E., Protein adsorption and cell attachment to patterned surfaces (2000) J Biomed Mater Res, 49, pp. 200-210; 
Love, J.C., Estroff, L.A., Kriebel, J.K., Nuzzo, R.G., Whitesides, G.M., Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology (2005) Chem Rev, 105, pp. 1103-1169; 
Mrksich, M., Whitesides, G.M., Using self-assembled monolayers to understand the interactions of man-made surfaces with proteins and cells (1996) Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 25, pp. 55-78; 
Bain, C.D., Troughton, E.B., Tao, Y.T., Evall, J., Whitesides, G.M., Nuzzo, R.G., Formation of monolayer films by the spontaneous assembly of organic thiols from solution onto gold (1989) J Am Chem Soc, 111, pp. 321-335; 
Faucheux, N., Schweiss, R., L{\"u}tzow, K., Werner, C., Groth, T., Self-assembled monolayers with different terminating groups as model substrates for cell adhesion studies (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 2721-2730; 
Bernards, M.T., Jiang, S., pH-induced conformation changes of adsorbed vitronectin maximize its bovine aortic endothelial cell binding ability (2008) J Biomed Mater Res A; 
Martins, M.C., Ratner, B.D., Barbosa, M.A., Protein adsorption on mixtures of hydroxyl- and methyl-terminated alkanethiols self-assembled monolayers (2003) J~Biomed Mater Res A, 67, pp. 158-171; 
Rodrigues, S.N., Gon{\c c}alves, I.C., Martins, M.C., Barbosa, M.A., Ratner, B.D., Fibrinogen adsorption, platelet adhesion and activation on mixed hydroxyl-/methyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (2006) Biomaterials, 27, pp. 5357-5367; 
Chamberlain, J., Yamagami, T., Colletti, E., Theise, N.D., Desai, J., Frias, A., Efficient generation of human hepatocytes by the intrahepatic delivery of clonal human mesenchymal stem cells in fetal sheep (2007) Hepatology, 46, pp. 1935-1945; 
(1993) Iodine-125. A guide to radioiodination techniques, , Amersham Life Science, Little Chalfort; 
Horbett, T.A., Techniques for protein adsorption studies (1986) Techniques of biocompatibility tests, pp. 183-214. , Williams D.F. (Ed), CRC Press Inc., Harcover; 
Arima, Y., Iwata, H., Effect of wettability and surface functional groups on protein adsorption and cell adhesion using well-defined mixed self-assembled monolayers (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 3074-3082; 
Capadona, J.R., Collard, D.M., Garcia, A.J., Fibronectin adsorption and cell adhesion to mixed monolayers of tri(ethylene glycol)- and methyl-terminated alkanethiols (2003) Langmuir, 19, pp. 1847-1852; 
Tidwell, C.D., Ertel, S.I., Ratner, B.D., Tarasevich, B.J., Atre, S., Allara, D.L., Endothelial cell growth and protein adsorption on terminally functionalized, self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold (1997) Langmuir, 13, pp. 3404-3413; 
Jenney, C.R., Anderson, J.M., Adsorbed serum proteins responsible for surface dependent human macrophage behavior (2000) J Biomed Mater Res, 49, pp. 435-447; 
Wertz, C.F., Santore, M.M., Fibrinogen adsorption on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces: geometrical and energetic aspects of interfacial relaxations (2002) Langmuir, 18, pp. 706-715; 
Pitt, W.G., Fabrizius-Homan, D.J., Mosher, D.F., Cooper, S.L., Vitronectin adsorption on polystyrene and oxidized polystyrene (1989) J Colloid Interface Sci, 129, pp. 231-239; 
Seiffert, D., Smith, J.W., The cell adhesion domain in plasma vitronectin is cryptic (1997) J Biol Chem, 272, pp. 13705-13710
},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {307 - 316},
	abstract = {The objective of this study was to compare the biological effects of two key cell-adhesive proteins, fibronectin (FN) and vitronectin (VN), upon adsorption onto molecularly-designed model surfaces. Single-component and mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on gold with OH and CH                        3 terminal groups were prepared at 100\%, 65\%, 36\% and 0\% of OH at the surface, to generate a range of surfaces with a simple chemistry and a wettability gradient. FN and VN were adsorbed under non-competitive (single-protein solutions) and competitive (multi-protein solutions) conditions, and compared at different levels: adsorbed amount (radiolabelling), elution, functional presentation of cell-binding domains (ELISA), and role in mediating cell adhesion (antibody-based assay). The observed trends were related to mesenchymal stem cell response in terms of adhesion and overall cell morphology. Under non-competitive conditions, adsorption of both proteins increased with surface hydrophobicity. The presence of competitive proteins significantly decreased the adsorbed amounts, although both proteins were still detected in all SAMs. Adsorption of FN followed a trend similar to that of non-competitive conditions, while adsorption of VN was higher on 100\%OH-SAMs. Concerning elution, retention of adsorbed VN was always higher than that of FN. For both proteins, functional presentation of cell-binding domains was more effective on the more hydrophilic 100\%OH-SAMs. This fact, coupled to the ability of this type of SAMs to selectively recruit and retain VN in the presence of competitive serum proteins, seems to correlate with the better cell response observed on these surfaces, as compared with hydrophobic 0\%OH(100\%CH
                        3)-SAMs. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
},
	keywords = {Adhesion, Adhesiveness, Adsorption, alkane, Animals, article, Biocompatible Materials, Biological Assay, bone marrow, Cattle, cell adhesion, Cell culture, Cell Movement, Cells, Cells, Cultured, cytology, cytoskeleton, Electric currents, Electron energy levels, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Fibronectin, Fibronectins, Focal adhesions, Functional groups, Functionalization, gold, human, human cell, Humans, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, Hydroxylation, isotope labeling, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Microscopy, Confocal, Missile bases, Molecular interactions, monoclonal antibody, priority journal, Protein adsorption, protein analysis, protein binding, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Proteins, Self assembled monolayers, Self-assembled monolayers, stem cell, Stem cells, Surface Properties, thiol derivative, Vitronectin},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-55249093830\&partnerID=40\&md5=132fa4efe300c4f76764942bfe3bce30},
	author = {Barrias, C.C. and Martins, M.C.L. and Almeida-Porada, G. and Barbosa, M.A. and Granja, P.L.}
}
@article {2305,
	title = {The effect of the co-immobilization of human osteoprogenitors and endothelial cells within alginate microspheres on mineralization in a bone defect},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 38Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.02.033PubMed ID: 19299013Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Grellier, M.; INSERM, U577, Universit{\'e} Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, UMR-S577, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; email: maritie.grellier@inserm.frChemicals/CAS: alginic acid, 28961-37-7, 29894-36-8, 9005-32-7, 9005-38-3; alkaline phosphatase, 9001-78-9; arginylglycylaspartic acid, 99896-85-2; osteocalcin, 136461-80-8; Alginates; Glucuronic Acid, 576-37-4; Hexuronic Acids; alginic acid, 9005-32-7References: Oreffo, R.O., Triffitt, J.T., Future potentials for using osteogenic stem cells and biomaterials in orthopedics (1999) Bone, 25 (2 SUPPL), pp. 5S-9S;Lubiatowski, P., Kruczynski, J., Gradys, A., Trzeciak, T., Jaroszewski, J., Articular cartilage repair by means of biodegradable scaffolds (2006) Transplant Proc, 38 (1), pp. 320-322; 
Evangelista, M.B., Hsiong, S.X., Fernandes, R., Sampaio, P., Kong, H.J., Barrias, C.C., Upregulation of bone cell differentiation through immobilization within a synthetic extracellular matrix (2007) Biomaterials, 28 (25), pp. 3644-3655; 
Gerber, H.P., Ferrara, N., Angiogenesis and bone growth (2000) Trends Cardiovasc Med, 10 (5), pp. 223-228; 
Carano, R.A., Filvaroff, E.H., Angiogenesis and bone repair (2003) Drug Discov Today, 8 (21), pp. 980-989; 
Deckers, M.M., Karperien, M., van der Bent, C., Yamashita, T., Papapoulos, S.E., Lowik, C.W., Expression of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors during osteoblast differentiation (2000) Endocrinology, 141 (5), pp. 1667-1674; 
Guillotin, B., Bourget, C., Remy-Zolgadri, M., Bareille, R., Fernandez, P., Conrad, V., Human primary endothelial cells stimulate human osteoprogenitor cell differentiation (2004) Cell Physiol Biochem, 14 (4-6), pp. 325-332; 
Villars, F., Bordenave, L., Bareille, R., Amedee, J., Effect of human endothelial cells on human bone marrow stromal cell phenotype: role of VEGF? (2000) J Cell Biochem, 79 (4), pp. 672-685; 
Kaigler, D., Krebsbach, P.H., Wang, Z., West, E.R., Horger, K., Mooney, D.J., Transplanted endothelial cells enhance orthotopic bone regeneration (2006) J Dent Res, 85 (7), pp. 633-637; 
Sun, H., Qu, Z., Guo, Y., Zang, G., Yang, B., In vitro and in vivo effects of rat kidney vascular endothelial cells on osteogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells growing on polylactide-glycoli acid (PLGA) scaffolds (2007) Biomed Eng Online, 6, p. 41; 
Augst, A.D., Kong, H.J., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as biomaterials (2006) Macromol Biosci, 6 (8), pp. 623-633; 
Leal, D., Matsuhiro, B., Rossi, M., Caruso, F., FT-IR spectra of alginic acid block fractions in three species of brown seaweeds (2008) Carbohydr Res, 343 (2), pp. 308-316; 
Keshaw, H., Forbes, A., Day, R.M., Release of angiogenic growth factors from cells encapsulated in alginate beads with bioactive glass (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (19), pp. 4171-4179; 
Alsberg, E., Anderson, K.W., Albeiruti, A., Franceschi, R.T., Mooney, D.J., Cell-interactive alginate hydrogels for bone tissue engineering (2001) J Dent Res, 80 (11), pp. 2025-2029; 
Abbah, S.A., Lu, W.W., Chan, D., Cheung, K.M., Liu, W.G., Zhao, F., In vitro evaluation of alginate encapsulated adipose-tissue stromal cells for use as injectable bone graft substitute (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 347 (1), pp. 185-191; 
Barrias, C.C., Lamghari, M., Granja, P.L., Sa Miranda, M.C., Barbosa, M.A., Biological evaluation of calcium alginate microspheres as a vehicle for the localized delivery of a therapeutic enzyme (2005) J Biomed Mater Res A, 74 (4), pp. 545-552; 
Durrieu, M.C., Pallu, S., Guillemot, F., Bareille, R., Amedee, J., Baquey, C.H., Grafting RGD containing peptides onto hydroxyapatite to promote osteoblastic cells adhesion (2004) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 15 (7), pp. 779-786; 
Kong, H.J., Smith, M.K., Mooney, D.J., Designing alginate hydrogels to maintain viability of immobilized cells (2003) Biomaterials, 24 (22), pp. 4023-4029; 
Bordenave, L., Baquey, C., Bareille, R., Lefebvre, F., Lauroua, C., Guerin, V., Endothelial cell compatibility testing of three different Pellethanes (1993) J Biomed Mater Res, 27 (11), pp. 1367-1381; 
Rowley, J.A., Mooney, D.J., Alginate type and RGD density control myoblast phenotype (2002) J Biomed Mater Res, 60 (2), pp. 217-223; 
Villars, F., Guillotin, B., Amedee, T., Dutoya, S., Bordenave, L., Bareille, R., Effect of HUVEC on human osteoprogenitor cell differentiation needs heterotypic gap junction communication (2002) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 282 (4), pp. C775-C785; 
Clarkin, C.E., Emery, R.J., Pitsillides, A.A., Wheeler-Jones, C.P., Evaluation of VEGF-mediated signaling in primary human cells reveals a paracrine action for VEGF in osteoblast-mediated crosstalk to endothelial cells (2007) J Cell Physiol; 
Cheng, C., Liu, H., Ge, H., Qian, J., Qin, J., Sun, L., Essential role of Src suppressed C kinase substrates in endothelial cell adhesion and spreading (2007) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 358 (1), pp. 342-348; 
Gerber, H.P., McMurtrey, A., Kowalski, J., Yan, M., Keyt, B.A., Dixit, V., Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates endothelial cell survival through the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt signal transduction pathway. Requirement for Flk-1/KDR activation (1998) J Biol Chem, 273 (46), pp. 30336-30343; 
Cross, M.J., Claesson-Welsh, L., FGF and VEGF function in angiogenesis: signalling pathways, biological responses and therapeutic inhibition (2001) Trends Pharmacol Sci, 22 (4), pp. 201-207; 
Volkmer, E., Drosse, I., Otto, S., Stangelmayer, A., Stengele, M., Kallukalam, B.C., Hypoxia in static and dynamic 3D culture systems for tissue engineering of bone (2008) Tissue Eng Part A, 14 (8), pp. 1331-1340; 
Stiehler, M., Bunger, C., Baatrup, A., Lind, M., Kassem, M., Mygind, T., Effect of dynamic 3-D culture on proliferation, distribution, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (2008) J Biomed Mater Res A; 
Mann, V., Huber, C., Kogianni, G., Jones, D., Noble, B., The influence of mechanical stimulation on osteocyte apoptosis and bone viability in human trabecular bone (2006) J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 6 (4), pp. 408-417; 
Bjerre, L., Bunger, C.E., Kassem, M., Mygind, T., Flow perfusion culture of human mesenchymal stem cells on silicate-substituted tricalcium phosphate scaffolds (2008) Biomaterials, 29 (17), pp. 2616-2627; 
Bouletreau, P.J., Warren, S.M., Spector, J.A., Peled, Z.M., Gerrets, R.P., Greenwald, J.A., Hypoxia and VEGF up-regulate BMP-2 mRNA and protein expression in microvascular endothelial cells: implications for fracture healing (2002) Plast Reconstr Surg, 109 (7), pp. 2384-2397; 
Simmons, C.A., Alsberg, E., Hsiong, S., Kim, W.J., Mooney, D.J., Dual growth factor delivery and controlled scaffold degradation enhance in vivo bone formation by transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (2004) Bone, 35 (2), pp. 562-569; 
Lu, H.H., Vo, J.M., Chin, H.S., Lin, J., Cozin, M., Tsay, R., Controlled delivery of platelet-rich plasma-derived growth factors for bone formation (2008) J Biomed Mater Res A; 
Yu, H., Vandevord, P.J., Gong, W., Wu, B., Song, Z., Matthew, H.W., Promotion of osteogenesis in tissue-engineered bone by pre-seeding endothelial progenitor cells-derived endothelial cells (2008) J Orthop Res, 26 (8), pp. 1147-1152; 
Bouhadir, K.H., Lee, K.Y., Alsberg, E., Damm, K.L., Anderson, K.W., Mooney, D.J., Degradation of partially oxidized alginate and its potential application for tissue engineering (2001) Biotechnol Prog, 17 (5), pp. 945-950
},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {3271 - 3278},
	abstract = {Bone regeneration seems to be dependant on cell communication between osteogenic and endothelial cells arising from surrounding blood vessels. This study aims to determine whether endothelial cells can regulate the osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitor cells in vitro and in vivo, in a long bone defect, when co-immobilized in alginate microspheres. Alginate is a natural polymer widely used as a biomaterial for cell encapsulation. Human osteoprogenitors (HOP) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were immobilized alone or together with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) inside irradiated, oxidized and RGD-grafted alginate microspheres. Immobilized cells were cultured in dynamic conditions and cell metabolic activity increased during three weeks. The gene expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, both specific markers of the osteoblastic phenotype, and mineralization deposits were upregulated in co-immobilized HOPs and HUVECs, comparing to the immobilization of monocultures. VEGF secretion was also increased when HOPs were co-immobilized with HUVECs. Microspheres containing co-cultures were further implanted in a bone defect and bone formation was analysed by μCT and histology at 3 and 6 weeks post-implantation. Mineralization was observed inside and around the implanted microspheres containing the immobilized cells. However, when HOPs were co-immobilized with HUVECs, mineralization significantly increased. These findings demonstrate that co-immobilization of osteogenic and endothelial cells within RGD-grafted alginate microspheres provides a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {adult, aged, Alginate, Alginates, alginic acid, alkaline phosphatase, animal tissue, Animals, arginylglycylaspartic acid, article, Bioactivity, Biopolymers, Blood vessel prostheses, Blood Vessels, Bone, Bone and Bones, bone defect, Bone defects, Bone formations, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, bone mineralization, Bone Regeneration, Bone regenerations, bone tissue, Bone tissue engineerings, Calcification, Physiologic, Cell communications, Cell culture, Cell encapsulations, cell function, cell growth, Cell immobilization, Cell membranes, cell metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Co immobilizations, Co-culture, coculture, computer assisted tomography, controlled study, Defects, Dynamic conditions, Endothelial Cells, endothelium cell, gene expression, gene expression regulation, Glucuronic Acid, Grafting (chemical), Hexuronic Acids, histology, human, human cell, Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Humans, Humulus, immobilized cell, Immobilized cells, in vitro study, in vivo study, In-vitro, In-vivo, irradiation, long bone, Long bones, Mesenchymal stem cell, Metabolic activities, Mice, Mice, Nude, microsphere, Microspheres, Middle Aged, Mineralogy, monoculture, mouse, nonhuman, osteoblast, osteocalcin, Osteogenic, Osteogenic potentials, Osteoprogenitor cells, Osteoprogenitors, Oxidation, Peptides, phenotype, Post implantations, priority journal, Self assembly, Sodium compounds, stem cell transplantation, Stem cells, Tissue engineering, umbilical vein, upregulation, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), X ray analysis, Young Adult},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67349213598\&partnerID=40\&md5=0190ab2a91dc0dc3527ffd9f86fabf63},
	author = {Grellier, M. and Granja, P.L. and Fricain, J.-C. and Bidarra, S.J. and Renard, M. and Bareille, R. and Bourget, C. and Am{\'e}d{\'e}e, J. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2313,
	title = {Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells using PAMAM dendrimers as gene delivery vectors},
	journal = {Journal of Controlled ReleaseJ. Control. Release},
	volume = {134},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 29Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JCREEdoi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.11.007PubMed ID: 19070635Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Tom{\'a}s, H.; Centro de Qu{\'\i}mica da Madeira, Departamento de Qu{\'\i}mica, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitario da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; email: lenat@uma.ptChemicals/CAS: alkaline phosphatase, 9001-78-9; calcium, 14092-94-5, 7440-70-2; osteocalcin, 136461-80-8; phosphate, 14066-19-4, 14265-44-2; BMP2 protein, human; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Dendrimers; PAMAM Starburst; Polyamines; beta-Galactosidase, 3.2.1.23References: Dai, J., Rabie, A.B.M., Hagg, U., Xu, R.A., Alternative gene therapy strategies for the repair of craniofacial bone defects (2004) Curr. Gene Ther., 4 (4), pp. 469-485;Gersbach, C.A., Phillips, J.E., Garcia, A.J., Genetic engineering for skeletal regenerative medicine (2007) Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 9, pp. 87-119; 
Kofron, M.D., Laurencin, C.T., Orthopaedic applications of gene therapy (2005) Curr. Gene Ther., 5 (1), pp. 37-61; 
Kofron, M.D., Laurencin, C.T., Bone tissue engineering by gene delivery (2006) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 58 (4), pp. 555-576; 
Luo, J., Sun, M.H., Kang, Q., Peng, Y., Jiang, W., Luu, H.H., Luo, Q., He, T.C., Gene therapy for bone regeneration (2005) Curr. Gene Ther., 5 (2), pp. 167-179; 
Partridge, K.A., Oreffo, R.O., Gene delivery in bone tissue engineering: progress and prospects using viral and nonviral strategies (2004) Tissue Eng., 10 (1-2), pp. 295-307; 
Turgeman, G., Aslan, H., Gazit, Z., Gazit, D., Cell-mediated gene therapy for bone formation and regeneration (2002) Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther., 4 (4), pp. 390-394; 
Chen, Y., Cheung, K.M.C., Kung, H.F., Leong, J.C.Y., Lu, W.W., Luk, K.D.K., In vivo new bone formation by direct transfer of adenoviral-mediated bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene (2002) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 298 (1), pp. 121-127; 
Lieberman, J.R., Daluiski, A., Stevenson, S., Wu, L., McAllister, P., Lee, Y.P., Kabo, J.M., Witte, O.N., The effect of regional gene therapy with bone morphogenetic protein-2-producing bone-marrow cells on the repair of segmental femoral defects in rats (1999) J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 81 (7), pp. 905-917; 
Park, J., Ries, J., Gelse, K., Kloss, F., von der Mark, K., Wiltfang, J., Neukam, F.W., Schneider, H., Bone regeneration in critical size defects by cell-mediated BMP-2 gene transfer: a comparison of adenoviral vectors and liposomes (2003) Gene Ther., 10 (13), pp. 1089-1098; 
Riew, K.D., Wright, N.M., Cheng, S.L., Avioli, L.V., Lou, J., Induction of bone formation using a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the human BMP-2 gene in a rabbit spinal fusion model (1998) Calcif. Tissue Int., 63 (4), pp. 357-360; 
Tsuda, H., Wada, T., Ito, Y., Uchida, H., Dehari, H., Nakamura, K., Sasaki, K., Hamada, H., Efficient BMP2 gene transfer and bone formation of mesenchymal stem cells by a fiber-mutant adenoviral vector (2003) Mol. Ther., 7 (3), pp. 354-365; 
De Laporte, L., Cruz Rea, J., Shea, L.D., Design of modular non-viral gene therapy vectors (2006) Biomaterials, 27 (7), pp. 947-954; 
Eliyahu, H., Barenholz, Y., Domb, A.J., Polymers for DNA delivery (2005) Molecules, 10 (1), pp. 34-64; 
Roth, C.M., Sundaram, S., Engineering synthetic vectors for improved DNA delivery: insights from intracellular pathways (2004) Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 6, pp. 397-426; 
Corsi, K., Chellat, F., Yahia, L., Fernandes, J.C., Mesenchymal stem cells, MG63 and HEK293 transfection using chitosan-DNA nanoparticles (2003) Biomaterials, 24 (7), pp. 1255-1264; 
Hamm, A., Krott, N., Breibach, I., Blindt, R., Bosserhoff, A.K., Efficient transfection method for primary cells (2002) Tissue Eng., 8 (2), pp. 235-245; 
Lakshmipathy, U., Pelacho, B., Sudo, K., Linehan, J.L., Coucouvanis, E., Kaufman, D.S., Verfaillie, C.M., Efficient transfection of embryonic and adult stem cells (2004) Stem Cells, 22 (4), pp. 531-543; 
Kim, S.W., Ogawa, T., Tabata, Y., Nishimura, I., Efficacy and cytotoxicity of cationic-agent-mediated nonviral gene transfer into osteoblasts (2004) J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 71 (2), pp. 308-315; 
Dufes, C., Uchegbu, I.F., Schatzlein, A.G., Dendrimers in gene delivery (2005) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 57 (15), pp. 2177-2202; 
Guillot-Nieckowski, M., Eisler, S., Diederich, F., Dendritic vectors for gene transfection (2007) New J. Chem., 31 (7), pp. 1111-1127; 
Svenson, S., Tomalia, D.A., Dendrimers in biomedical applications-reflections on the field (2005) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 57 (15), pp. 2106-2129; 
Haensler, J., Szoka, F.C., Polyamidoamine cascade polymers mediate efficient transfection of cells in culture (1993) Bioconjug. Chem., 4 (5), pp. 372-379; 
Choi, J.S., Nam, K., Park, J., Kim, J.B., Lee, J.K., Park, J., Enhanced transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimer by surface modification with l-arginine (2004) J. Control. Release, 99 (3), pp. 445-456; 
Kono, K., Akiyama, H., Takahashi, T., Takagishi, T., Harada, A., Transfection activity of polyamidoamine dendrimers having hydrophobic amino acid residues in the periphery (2005) Bioconjug. Chem., 16 (1), pp. 208-214; 
KukowskaLatallo, J.F., Bielinska, A.U., Johnson, J., Spindler, R., Tomalia, D.A., Baker, J.R., Efficient transfer of genetic material into mammalian cells using Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 93 (10), pp. 4897-4902; 
Gebhart, C.L., Kabanov, A.V., Evaluation of polyplexes as gene transfer agents (2001) J. Control. Release, 73 (2), pp. 401-416; 
Aubin, J.E., Osteoprogenitor cell frequency in rat bone marrow stromal populations: role for heterotypic cell-cell interactions in osteoblast differentiation (1999) J. Cell. Biochem., 72 (3), pp. 396-410; 
Lennon, D.P., Haynesworth, S.E., Young, R.G., Dennis, J.E., Caplan, A.I., A chemically-defined medium supports in-vitro proliferation and maintains the osteochondral potential of rat marrow-derived mesenchymal stem-cells (1995) Exp. Cell Res., 219 (1), pp. 211-222; 
Bielinska, A.U., Chen, C.L., Johnson, J., Baker, J.R., DNA complexing with polyamidoamine dendrimers: implications for transfection (1999) Bioconjug. Chem., 10 (5), pp. 843-850; 
Eichman, J.D., Bielinska, A.U., Kukowska-Latallo, J.F., Baker Jr., J.R., The use of PAMAM dendrimers in the efficient transfer of genetic material into cells (2000) Pharm. Sci. Technol. Today, 7, pp. 232-245; 
Haleem-Smith, H., Derfoul, A., Okafor, C., Tuli, R., Olsen, D., Hall, D.J., Tuan, R.S., Optimization of high-efficiency transfection of adult human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro (2005) Mol. Biotechnol., 30 (1), pp. 9-19; 
Fischer, D., Li, Y.X., Ahlemeyer, B., Krieglstein, J., Kissel, T., In vitro cytotoxicity testing of polycations: influence of polymer structure on cell viability and hemolysis (2003) Biomaterials, 24 (7), pp. 1121-1131; 
Jevprasesphant, R., Penny, J., Jalal, R., Attwood, D., McKeown, N.B., D{\textquoteright}Emanuele, A., The influence of surface modification on the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers (2003) Int. J. Pharm., 252 (1-2), pp. 263-266; 
Wilke, M., Fortunati, E., vandenBroek, M., Hoogeveen, A.T., Scholte, B.J., Efficacy of a peptide-based gene delivery system depends on mitotic activity (1996) Gene Ther., 3 (12), pp. 1133-1142; 
Xie, Y.B., Yang, S.T., Kniss, D.A., Three-dimensional cell-scaffold constructs promote efficient gene transfection: implications for cell-based gene therapy (2001) Tissue Eng., 7 (5), pp. 585-598; 
Yamagiwa, H., Endo, N., Tokunaga, K., Hayami, T., Hatano, H., Takahashi, H.E., In vivo bone-forming capacity of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells is stimulated by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (2001) J. Bone Miner. Metab., 19 (1), pp. 20-28; 
Chaudhari, A., Ron, E., Rethman, M.P., Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates differentiation in primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts (1997) Mol. Cell. Biochem., 167 (1-2), pp. 31-39; 
Hay, E., Hott, M., Graulet, A.M., Lomri, A., Marie, P.J., Effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on human neonatal calvaria cell differentiation (1999) J. Cell. Biochem., 72 (1), pp. 81-93; 
Yamaguchi, A., Regulation of differentiation pathway of skeletal mesenchymal cells in cell-lines by transforming growth-factor-beta superfamily (1995) Semin. Cell Biol., 6 (3), pp. 165-173; 
Yamaguchi, A., Ishizuya, T., Kintou, N., Wada, Y., Katagiri, T., Wozney, J.M., Rosen, V., Yoshiki, S., Effects of BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-6 on osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines, ST2 and MC3T3-G2/PA6 (1996) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 220 (2), pp. 366-371; 
Baltzer, A.W.A., Lattermann, C., Whalen, J.D., Wooley, P., Weiss, K., Grimm, M., Ghivizzani, S.C., Evans, C.H., Genetic enhancement of fracture repair: healing of an experimental segmental defect by adenoviral transfer of the BMP-2 gene (2000) Gene Ther., 7 (9), pp. 734-739; 
Wang, E.A., Rosen, V., Dalessandro, J.S., Bauduy, M., Cordes, P., Harada, T., Israel, D.I., Wozney, J.M., Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone-formation (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 87 (6), pp. 2220-2224; 
Chuang, C.K., Sung, L.Y., Hwang, S.M., Lo, W.H., Chen, H.C., Hu, Y.C., Baculovirus as a new gene delivery vector for stem cell engineering and bone tissue engineering (2007) Gene Ther., 14 (19), pp. 1417-1424; 
Aslan, H., Zilberman, Y., Arbeli, V., Sheyn, D., Matan, Y., Liebergall, M., Li, J.Z., Gazit, Z., Nucleofection-based ex vivo nonviral gene delivery to human stem cells as a platform for tissue regeneration (2006) Tissue Eng., 12 (4), pp. 877-889; 
Noel, D., Gazit, D., Bouquet, C., Apparailly, F., Bony, C., Plence, P., Millet, V., Jorgensen, C., Short-term BMP-2 expression is sufficient for in vivo osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (2003) Stem Cells, 22 (1), pp. 74-85
},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {141 - 148},
	abstract = {This paper reports the use of different generations of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers for the in vitro transfection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A systematic study was carried out on the transfection efficiency achieved by the PAMAM dendrimers using a β-galactosidase reporter gene system. Transfection results were shown to be dependent upon the generation of dendrimers, the amine to phosphate group ratio and the cell passage number. In all cases, the transfection efficiency was very low. Nevertheless, it was hypothesized that a low transfection level could be sufficient to promote the in vitro differentiation of MSCs towards the osteoblastic lineage. To address this possibility, dendrimers carrying the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) gene-containing plasmid were used. All quantitative (alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin secretion and calcium deposition) and qualitative (von Kossa staining) osteogenic markers were significantly stronger in transfected cells when compared to non-transfected ones. This study not only clearly demonstrates that a low transfection level can be sufficient for inducing in vitro differentiation of MSCs to the osteoblast phenotype but also highlights the importance of focusing research on the development of gene delivery vectors in the concrete application. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {alkaline phosphatase, amine, Amines, animal cell, Animals, article, beta galactosidase, beta-Galactosidase, Bone, Bone morphogenetic protein, bone morphogenetic protein 2, Bone Regeneration, Calcium, Cell culture, cell differentiation, Cell Line, cell lineage, cell survival, Cells, Cells, Cultured, controlled study, dendrimer, Dendrimers, embryo, enzyme activity, Flowcharting, gene expression, Gene transfer, Gene Transfer Techniques, gene vector, Genes, Reporter, genetic transfection, human, human cell, Humans, in vitro study, Kidney, male, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, nonhuman, Nonviral gene delivery, nonviral gene delivery system, Nucleic acids, osteoblast, osteocalcin, Osteogenesis, PAMAM dendrimers, phosphate, plasmid, Plasmids, polyamidoamine, Polyamines, priority journal, protein secretion, Proteins, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, rat, Rats, Rats, Wistar, reporter gene, staining},
	isbn = {01683659 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-60649096454\&partnerID=40\&md5=90df49394a581738b41bf29bad341ae8},
	author = {Santos, J.L. and Oramas, E. and P{\^e}go, A.P. and Granja, P.L. and Tom{\'a}s, H.}
}
@article {2376,
	title = {Upregulation of bone cell differentiation through immobilization within a synthetic extracellular matrix},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 39Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.028PubMed ID: 17532040Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Evangelista, M.B.; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: mbe@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: alginic acid, 28961-37-7, 29894-36-8, 9005-32-7, 9005-38-3; alkaline phosphatase, 9001-78-9; arginylglycylaspartic acid, 99896-85-2; DNA, 9007-49-2; osteocalcin, 136461-80-8; Alginates; alginic acid, 9005-32-7; Alkaline Phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.1; arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid, 99896-85-2; Glucuronic Acid, 576-37-4; Hexuronic Acids; Oligopeptides; Osteocalcin, 104982-03-8References: de Vos, P., de Haan, B., Wolters, G.H.J., VanSchilfgaarde, R., Factors influencing the adequacy of microencapsulation of rat pancreatic islets (1996) Transplantation, 62 (7), pp. 888-893;Brissova, M., Lacik, I., Powers, A.C., Anilkumar, A.V., Wang, T., Control and measurement of permeability for design of microcapsule cell delivery system (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 39 (1), pp. 61-70; 
Strand, B.L., Gaserod, O., Kulseng, B., Espevik, T., Skjak-Braek, G., Alginate-polylysine-alginate microcapsules: effect of size reduction on capsule properties (2002) J Microencapsul, 19 (5), pp. 615-630; 
Chang, T.M.S., Artificial liver support based on artificial cells with emphasis on encapsulated hepatocytes (1992) Artif Organs, 16 (1), pp. 71-74; 
Uludag, H., Sefton, M.V., Microencapsulated human hepatoma (HepG2) cells-in-vitro growth and protein release (1993) J Biomed Mater Res, 27 (10), pp. 1213-1224; 
Canaple, L., Rehor, A., Hunkeler, D., Improving cell encapsulation through size control (2002) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 13 (7), pp. 783-796; 
Temenoff, J.S., Mikos, A.G., Injectable biodegradable materials for orthopedic tissue engineering (2000) Biomaterials, 21 (23), pp. 2405-2412; 
LeBaron, R.G., Athanasiou, K.A., Extracellular matrix cell adhesion peptides: functional applications in orthopedic materials (2000) Tissue Eng, 6 (2), pp. 85-103; 
Gumbiner, B.M., Cell adhesion: the molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis (1996) Cell, 84 (3), pp. 345-357; 
Majmudar, G., Bole, D., Goldstein, S.A., Bonadio, J., Bone cell-culture in a 3-dimensional polymer bead stabilizes the differentiated phenotype and provides evidence that osteoblastic cells synthesize type-III collagen and fibronectin (1991) J Bone Miner Res, 6 (8), pp. 869-881; 
Payne, R.G., Yaszemski, M.J., Yasko, A.W., Mikos, A.G., Development of an injectable, in situ crosslinkable, degradable polymeric carrier for osteogenic cell populations. Part 1. Encapsulation of marrow stromal osteoblasts in surface crosslinked gelatin microparticles (2002) Biomaterials, 23 (22), pp. 4359-4371; 
Lee, K.Y., Alsberg, E., Mooney, D.J., Degradable and injectable poly(aldehyde guluronate) hydrogels for bone tissue engineering (2001) J Biomed Mater Res, 56 (2), pp. 228-233; 
Alsberg, E., Anderson, K.W., Albeiruti, A., Franceschi, R.T., Mooney, D.J., Cell-interactive alginate hydrogels for bone tissue engineering (2001) J Dental Res, 80 (11), pp. 2025-2029; 
Burdick, J.A., Anseth, K.S., Photoencapsulation of osteoblasts in injectable RGD-modified PEG hydrogels for bone tissue engineering (2002) Biomaterials, 23 (22), pp. 4315-4323; 
Smidsrod, O., Skjak-Braek, G., Alginate as immobilization matrix for cells (1990) Trends Biotechnol, 8 (3), pp. 71-78; 
Boontheekul, T., Kong, H.J., Mooney, D.J., Controlling alginate gel degradation utilizing partial oxidation and bimodal molecular weight distribution (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (15), pp. 2455-2465; 
Kong, H.J., Alsberg, E., Kaigler, D., Lee, K.Y., Mooney, D.J., Controlling degradation of hydrogels via the size of cross-linked junctions (2004) Adv Mater, 16 (21), pp. 1917-1921; 
Rowley, J.A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials (1999) Biomaterials, 20 (1), pp. 45-53; 
Bouhadir, K.H., Lee, K.Y., Alsberg, E., Damm, K.L., Anderson, K.W., Mooney, D.J., Degradation of partially oxidized alginate and its potential application for tissue engineering (2001) Biotechnol Prog, 17 (5), pp. 945-950; 
Kong, H.J., Smith, M.K., Mooney, D.J., Designing alginate hydrogels to maintain viability of immobilized cells (2003) Biomaterials, 24 (22), pp. 4023-4029; 
Bouhadir, K.H., Hausman, D.S., Mooney, D.J., Synthesis of cross-linked poly(aldehyde guluronate) hydrogels (1999) Polymer, 40 (12), pp. 3575-3584; 
Labarca, C., Paigen, K., Simple, rapid, and sensitive DNA assay procedure (1980) Anal Biochem, 102 (2), pp. 344-352; 
Caron, J.M., Kirschner, M.W., Autoregulation of tubulin synthesis (1986) Bioessays, 5 (5), pp. 211-216; 
Poole, C.A., Brookes, N.H., Clover, G.M., Keratocyte networks visualised in the living cornea using vital dyes (1993) J Cell Sci, 106, pp. 685-691; 
Li, R.H., Altreuter, D.H., Gentile, F.T., Transport characterization of hydrogel matrices for cell encapsulation (1996) Biotechnol Bioeng, 50 (4), pp. 365-373; 
Dulieu, C., Poncelet, D., Neufeld, R.J., Encapsulation and immobilization techniques (1999) Cell encapsulation technology and therapeutics, pp. 3-17. , K{\"u}htreiber W.M., Lanza R.P., and Chick W.L. (Eds), Birkh{\"a}user, Boston; 
Peirone, M., Ross, C.J.D., Hortelano, G., Brash, J.L., Chang, P.L., Encapsulation of various recombinant mammalian cell types in different alginate microcapsules (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 42 (4), pp. 587-596; 
Kong, H.J., Kaigler, D., Kim, K., Mooney, D.J., Controlling rigidity and degradation of alginate hydrogels via molecular weight distribution (2004) Biomacromolecules, 5 (5), pp. 1720-1727; 
Boninsegna, S., Dal Toso, R., Dal Monte, R., Alginate microspheres loaded with animal cells and coated by a siliceous layer (2003) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol, 26 (1-3), pp. 1151-1157; 
Rokstad, A.M., Donati, I., Borgogna, M., Oberholzer, J., Strand, B.L., Espevik, T., Cell-compatible covalently reinforced beads obtained from a chemoenzymatically engineered alginate (2006) Biomaterials, 27 (27), pp. 4726-4737; 
Lu, M.Z., Lan, H.L., Wang, F.F., Chang, S.J., Wang, Y.J., Cell encapsulation with alginate and alpha-phenoxycinnamylidene-acetylated poly(allylamine) (2000) Biotechnol Bioeng, 70 (5), pp. 479-483; 
Stein, G.S., Lian, J.B., Molecular mechanisms mediating proliferation differentiation interrelationships during progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype (1993) Endocrine Rev, 14 (4), pp. 424-442; 
Siebers, M.C., ter Brugge, P.J., Walboomers, X.F., Jansen, J.A., Integrins as linker proteins between osteoblasts and bone replacing materials. A critical review (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (2), pp. 137-146; 
Hynes, R.O., Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines (2002) Cell, 110 (6), pp. 673-687; 
Giancotti, F.G., Ruoslahti, E., Transduction-integrin signaling (1999) Science, 285 (5430), pp. 1028-1032; 
Payne, R.G., McGonigle, J.S., Yaszemski, M.J., Yasko, A.W., Mikos, A.G., Development of an injectable, in situ crosslinkable, degradable polymeric carrier for osteogenic cell populations. Part 2. Viability of encapsulated marrow stromal osteoblasts cultured on crosslinking poly(propylene fumarate) (2002) Biomaterials, 23 (22), pp. 4373-4380; 
Franceschi, R.T., Iyer, B.S., Relationship between collagen-synthesis and expression of the osteoblast phenotype in MC3T3-E1 cells (1992) J Bone Miner Res, 7 (2), pp. 235-246; 
Franceschi, R.T., The developmental control of osteoblast-specific gene expression: role of specific transcription factors and the extracellular matrix environment (1999) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 10 (1), pp. 40-57; 
Gerstenfeld, L.C., Chipman, S.D., Kelly, C.M., Hodgens, K.J., Lee, D.D., Landis, W.J., Collagen expression, ultrastructural assembly, and mineralization in cultures of chicken-embryo osteoblasts (1988) J Cell Biol, 106 (3), pp. 979-989; 
Dudley, H.R., Spiro, D., Fine structure of bone cells (1961) J Biophys Biochem Cytol, 11 (3), pp. 627-649; 
Holtrop, M.E., The ultrastructure of bone (1975) Ann Clin Lab Sci, 5 (4), pp. 264-271; 
Rhodin, J.A.G., (1963) An atlas of ultrastructure, , W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia; 
Trojani, C., Weiss, P., Michiels, J.F., Vinatier, C., Guicheux, J., Daculsi, G., Three-dimensional culture and differentiation of human osteogenic cells in an injectable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose hydrogel (2005) Biomaterials, 26 (27), pp. 5509-5517; 
Kneser, U., Voogd, A., Ohnolz, J., Buettner, O., Stangenberg, L., Zhang, Y.H., Fibrin gel-immobilized primary osteoblasts in calcium phosphate bone cement: in vivo evaluation with regard to application as injectable biological bone substitute (2005) Cells Tissues Organs, 179 (4), pp. 158-169; 
Bancroft, J.D., Gamble, M., (2002) Theory and practice of histological techniques. 5th ed, , Elsevier Science, Edinburgh
},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {3644 - 3655},
	abstract = {There is a need for new therapeutic strategies to treat bone defects caused by trauma, disease or tissue loss. Injectable systems for cell transplantation have the advantage of allowing the use of minimally invasive surgical procedures, and thus for less discomfort to patients. In the present study, it is hypothesized that Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-coupled in a binary (low and high molecular weight) injectable alginate composition is able to influence bone cell differentiation in a three-dimensional (3D) structure. Viability, metabolic activity, cytoskeleton organization, ultrastructure and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), von Kossa, alizarin red stainings and osteocalcin quantification) of immobilized cells were assessed. Cells within RGD-modified alginate microspheres were able to establish more interactions with the synthetic extracellular matrix as visualized by confocal laser scanning microscope and transmission electron microscopy imaging, and presented a much higher level of differentiation (more intense ALP and mineralization stainings and higher levels of osteocalcin secretion) when compared to cells immobilized within unmodified alginate microspheres. These findings demonstrate that peptides covalently coupled to alginate were efficient in influencing cell behavior within this 3D system, and may provide adequate preparation of osteoblasts for cell transplantation. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {3T3 Cells, Alginate, Alginates, alginic acid, alkaline phosphatase, animal cell, Animals, arginylglycylaspartic acid, article, Bone, bone cell, Bone Regeneration, calvaria, cell adhesion, cell differentiation, Cell encapsulation, Cell immobilization, cell metabolism, cell proliferation, cell survival, cell ultrastructure, cell viability, confocal laser microscopy, controlled study, cytology, cytoskeleton, DNA, DNA content, ECM (extracellular matrix), enzyme activity, extracellular matrix, Glucuronic Acid, Hexuronic Acids, hydrogel, immobilized cell, metabolism, Mice, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, microsphere, Microspheres, nonhuman, Oligopeptides, osteoblast, Osteoblasts, osteocalcin, Patient treatment, priority journal, rat, RGD peptide, structure analysis, three dimensional imaging, Tissue engineering, transmission electron microscopy, Transplantation (surgical)},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249870130\&partnerID=40\&md5=4476a4b1ee80320328c1bf37054037bb},
	author = {Evangelista, M.B. and Hsiong, S.X. and Fernandes, R. and Sampaio, P. and Kong, H.-J. and Barrias, C.C. and Salema, R. and Barbosa, M.A. and Mooney, D.J. and Granja, P.L.}
}
@article {2409,
	title = {Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. In vitro biocompatibility studies},
	journal = {Reactive and Functional PolymersReact Funct Polym},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 7Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: RFPOFdoi: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2005.10.027Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Granja, P.L.; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: pgranja@ineb.up.ptReferences: Albrektsson, T., (1998) Handbook of Biomaterial Properties, p. 500. , Black J., and Hastings G. (Eds), Chapman \& Hall, London;Friedman, R.J., Black, J., Galante, J.O., Jacobs, J.J., Skinner, H.B., (1993) J. Bone Joint. Surg., 75 A, p. 1086; 
Puleo, D.A., Nanci, A., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 2311; 
Lamba, N.M.K., Baumgartner, J.A., Cooper, S.L., (1998) Frontiers in Tissue Engineering, p. 121. , Patrick C.W., Mikos A.G., and McIntire L.V. (Eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam; 
Horbett, T.A., (2004) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. second ed., p. 237. , Ratner B.D., Hoffman A.S., Schoen F.J., and Lemons J.E. (Eds), Elsevier-Academic Press, San Diego; 
McFarland, C.D., Mayer, S., Scotchford, C., Dalton, B.A., Steele, J.G., Downes, S., (1999) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 44, p. 1; 
Lee, J.H., Lee, H.B., (1993) J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 4, p. 467; 
Healy, K.E., Thomas, C.H., Rezania, A., Kim, J.E., McKeown, P.J., Lom, B., Hockberger, P.E., (1996) Biomaterials, 17, p. 195; 
Vogler, E.A., (1993) Surfactant Science Series, 49, p. 183. , Berg J.C. (Ed), Marcel Dekker, New York (Wettability); 
Choee, J.H., Lee, S.J., Lee, Y.M., Rhee, J.M., Lee, H.B., Khang, G., (2004) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92, p. 599; 
Faucheux, N., Schweiss, R., Lutzow, K., Werner, C., Groth, T., (2004) Biomaterials, 25, p. 2721; 
Webb, K., Hlady, V., Tresco, P.A., (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 41, p. 422; 
De Rosa, M., Carteni, M., Petillo, O., Calarco, A., Margarucci, S., Rosso, F., De Rosa, A., Peluso, G., (2004) J. Cell. Physiol., 198, p. 133; 
Habbaba, M.M., Ulgen, K.O., (1997) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 69, p. 405; 
Lee, J.H., Lee, J.W., Khang, G., Lee, H.B., (1997) Biomaterials, 18, p. 351; 
Keselowsky, B.G., Collard, D.M., Garcia, A.J., (2004) Biomaterials, 25, p. 5947; 
Webb, K., Hlady, V., Tresco, P.A., (2000) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 49, p. 362; 
Smetana Jr., K., (1993) Biomaterials, 14, p. 1046; 
Jayaraman, M., Meyer, U., Buhner, M., Joos, U., Wiesmann, H.P., (2004) Biomaterials, 25, p. 625; 
Anselme, K., Bigerelle, M., Noel, B., Dufresne, E., Judas, D., Iost, A., Hardouin, P., (2000) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 49, p. 155; 
von Recum, A.F., Brown, C.E., Shannon, C.E., LaBerge, M., (1999) Handbook of Biomaterials Evaluation: Scientific, Technical and Clinical Testing of Implant Materials. second ed., p. 227. , von Recum A.F. (Ed), Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor; 
Hon, D.N.-S., (1996) Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, p. 87. , Dumitriu D. (Ed), Marcel Dekker, New York; 
Franz, G., (1986) Adv. Polym. Sci., 76, p. 1; 
Ikada, Y., (1989) Cellulose: Structural and Functional Aspects, p. 447. , Kennedy J.F., Phillips G.O., and Williams P.A. (Eds), Ellis Horwood, Chichester; 
Miyamoto, T., Takahashi, S., Ito, H., Inagaki, H., Noishiki, Y., (1989) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23, p. 125; 
Dias, G.J., Peplow, P.V., Teixeira, F., (2003) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 14, p. 739; 
Uysal, A., Ozbek, S., Ozcan, M., (2003) Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 112, p. 540; 
Galgut, P.N., (1990) Biomaterials, 11, p. 561; 
Skoog, T., (1967) Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 1, p. 113; 
Chauveaux, D., Barbie, C., Barthe, X., Baquey, C., Poustis, J., (1990) Clin. Mater., 5, p. 251; 
Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., (1994) Clin. Mater., 16, p. 119; 
Li, S., Liu, Q., de Wijn, J., Wolke, J., Zhou, B., de Groot, K., (1997) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 8, p. 543; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Toryiama, M., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, F., Nishizawa, K., (1995) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 6, p. 597; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, F., Nishizawa, K., (1995) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 6, p. 658; 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., P{\'e}traud, M., De J{\'e}so, B., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, p. 3341; 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., Deffieux, D., Daud{\'e}, G., De J{\'e}so, B., Labrug{\`e}re, C., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, p. 3354; 
Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}so, B., Baquey, C., (1999) Frontiers in Biomedical Polymers Applications, 2, p. 195. , Ottenbrite R. (Ed), Technomic Press, Lancaster; 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}so, B., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J. Mater. Sci., 36, p. 2163; 
Kim, S.S., Jeong, W.Y., Shin, B.C., Oh, S.Y., Kim, H.W., Rhee, J.M., (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 40, p. 401; 
Saito, T., Arsenault, A.L., Yamauchi, M., Kuboki, Y., Crenshaw, M.A., (1997) Bone, 21, p. 305; 
van den Bos, T., Beertsen, W., (1994) J. Bone Min. Res., 9, p. 1205; 
Linde, A., (1992) Calcification in Biological Systems, p. 269. , Bonucci E. (Ed), CRC Press, Boca Raton; 
Veis, A., Sharkey, M., Dickson, I., (1977) Calcium Binding Proteins and Calcium Function, p. 408. , Wasserman R.H. (Ed), Elsevier, New York; 
Vilamitjana-Am{\'e}d{\'e}e, J., Bareille, R., Rouais, F., Caplan, A.I., Harmand, M.F., (1993) In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol., 29 A, p. 699; 
Mosmann, T., (1983) J. Immunol. Meth., 65, p. 55; 
Dumitriu, S., Dumitriu, M., (1996) Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, p. 705. , Dumitriu S. (Ed), Marcel Dekker, New York; 
Van Blitterswijk, C.A., Bakker, D., Hesseling, S.C., Koerten, H.K., (1991) Biomaterials, 12, p. 187; 
Curtis, A.S.G., Forrester, J.V., Clark, P., (1986) J. Cell. Sci., 86, p. 9; 
Katayama, Y., House, C.M., Udagawa, N., Kazama, J.J., McFarland, R.J., Martin, T.J., Findlay, D.M., (1998) J. Cell. Physiol., 176, p. 179; 
Boskey, A.J., (1995) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 760, p. 249; 
Yamamoto, M., Kato, K., Ikada, Y., (1997) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 37, p. 29; 
Alliot-Licht, B., Gregoire, M., Orly, I., Menanteau, J., (1991) Biomaterials, 12, p. 752; 
Oreffo, R.O.C., Driessens, F.C.M., Planell, J.A., Triffitt, J.T., (1998) Biomaterials, 19, p. 1845; 
Sun, J.-S., Tsuang, Y.-H., Liao, C.-J., Liu, H.-C., Hang, Y.-S., Lin, F.-H., (1997) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 37, p. 324; 
Padilha, P.M., Tocha, J.C., Moreira, J.C., Campos, J.T.S., Federici, C.C., (1997) Talanta, 41, p. 317; 
Mizusawa, Y., Burke, J.R., (1996) J. Pediatr. Child. Health, 32, p. 350; 
Anwar, M., Krishnamoorthy, S., (1987) Indian J. Text. Res., 12, p. 24; 
Hoffman, A.S., (2004) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. second ed., p. 107. , Ratner B.D., Hoffman A.S., Schoen F.J., and Lemons J.F. (Eds), Elsevier-Academic Press, San Diego
},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {728 - 739},
	abstract = {Grafting of phosphate groups has been investigated as a means to render biomedical polymers able to induce the formation of an apatite layer. In the present investigation, regenerated cellulose hydrogels were surface modified by phosphorylation using a previously reported method. The in vitro biocompatibility of materials with varying phosphate contents was evaluated in cultured human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC), in terms of cytotoxicity, cell attachment, proliferation and immunohistochemistry. Negatively charged cellulose phosphates were neutralized in the form of the calcium salt before contact with cells. Cellulose phosphates were not cytotoxic, independently of the phosphate content. Unmodified regenerated cellulose hydrogels showed good rates of HBMSC attachment and proliferation. On the contrary, negatively charged, highly hydrophilic, phosphorylated surfaces showed poor HBMSC attachment and proliferation, as well as poor alkaline phosphatase-specific activity and expression of osteocalcin and type I collagen. Differences found are discussed in terms of surface chemical functionality, hydrophilicity and charge. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Biocompatibility, Biomaterials, Cell attachment, Cell culture, Cellulose, Cellulose derivatives, Cellulose phosphates, Cytotoxicity, Grafting (chemical), Human bone marrow stromal cells, Hydrogels, hydrophilicity, immunohistochemistry, In vitro, Phosphorylation, Proliferation, Regenerated cellulose hydrogels, toxicity},
	isbn = {13815148 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745266092\&partnerID=40\&md5=52325c348b6bd4139bbfb3dbc0419bd8},
	author = {Granja, P.L. and J{\'e}so, B.D. and Bareille, R. and Rouais, F. and Baquey, C. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2399,
	title = {Functionalization of chitosan membranes through phosphorylation: Atomic force microscopy, wettability, and cytotoxicity studies},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.},
	volume = {102},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 7Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JAPNAdoi: 10.1002/app.23737Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amaral, I.F.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: iamaral@ineb.up.ptReferences: Tomihata, K., Ikada, Y., (1997) Biomaterials, 18, p. 567;VandeVord, P.J., Matthew, H.W.T., DeSilva, S.P., Mayton, L., Wu, B., Wooley, P.H., (2002) J Biomed Mater Res, 59, p. 585; 
Khor, E.C., (2001) Fulfilling a Biomaterials Promise, , Elsevier: Oxford; 
Peluso, G., Petillo, O., Ranieri, M., Santin, M., Ambrosio, L., Calabro, D., Avallone, B., Balsamo, G., (1994) Biomaterials, 15, p. 1215; 
Muzzarelli, R.A.A., (1997) CeUul Mol Life Sci, 53, p. 131; 
Ishihara, M., Nakanishi, K., Ono, K., Sato, M., Kikuchi, M., Saito, Y., Yura, H., Kurita, A., (2002) Biomaterials, 23, p. 833; 
Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Zucchini, C., Ilari, P., Pugnaloni, A., Belmonte, M.M., Biagini, G., Castaldini, C., (1993) Biomaterials, 14, p. 925; 
Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Mattiolibelmonte, M., Tietz, C., Biagini, R., Ferioli, G., Brunelli, M.A., Fini, M., Biagini, G., (1994) Biomaterials, 15, p. 1075; 
Madihally, S.V., Matthew, H.W.T., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 1133; 
Zhao, F., Yin, Y.J., Lu, W.W., Leong, J.C., Zhang, W.J., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, M.F., Yao, K.D., (2002) Biomaterials, 23, p. 3227; 
Lahiji, A., Sohrabi, A., Hungerford, D.S., Frondoza, C.G., (2000) J Biomed Mater Res, 51, p. 586; 
Amaral, I.F., Lamghari, M., Sousa, S.R., Sampaio, P., Barbosa, M.A., (2005) J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 75, p. 387; 
Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Muzzarelli, C., (2002) Chitosan in Pharmacy and Chemistry, p. 233. , Muzzarelli, R. A. A.; Muzzarelli, C., Eds.; Atec Edizioni: Grottammare, Italy; 
Lee, J.Y., Nam, S.H., Im, S.Y., Park, Y.J., Lee, Y.M., Seol, Y.J., Chung, C.P., Lee, S.J., (2002) J Controlled Release, 78, p. 187; 
Ho, M.H., Wang, D.M., Hsieh, H.J., Liu, H.C., Hsien, T.Y., Lai, J.Y., Hou, L.T., (2005) Biomaterials, 26, p. 3197; 
Amaral, I.F., Cordeiro, A., Sampaio, P., Barbosa, M.A., J Biomat Sci: Polym, , accepted; 
Chatelet, C., Damour, O., Domard, A., (2001) Biomaterials, 22, p. 261; 
Hidaka, Y., Ito, M., Mori, K., Yagasaki, H., Kafrawy, A.H., (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 46, p. 418; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, F., Nishizawa, K., (1995) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 6, p. 658; 
Tanahashi, M., Matsuda, T., (1997) J Biomed Mater Res, 34, p. 305; 
Yokogawa, Y., Rayes, J.P., Mucalo, M.R., Toriyama, M., Kawamoto, Y., Suzuki, T., Nishizawa, K., Kamayama, T., (1997) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 8, p. 407; 
Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., Pouysegu, L., De Jeso, B., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., (2001) J Mater Sci, 36, p. 2163; 
Amaral, I.F., Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., (2005) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 16, p. 1575; 
Amaral, I.F., Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., (2004) Key Eng Mater, 254, p. 577; 
Granja, P.L., Pouysegu, L., Petraud, M., De Jeso, B., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J Appl Polym Sci, 82, p. 3341; 
Touey, G.P., Kingsport, T., (1956), U.S. Pat. 2,759,924Fricain, J.C., Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., De Jeso, B., Barthe, N., Baquey, C., (2002) Biomaterials, 23, p. 971; 
Sakaguchi, T., Horikoshi, T., Nakajima, A., (1981) Agric Biol Chem, 45, p. 2191; 
Sakairi, N., Shirai, A., Miyazaki, S., Tashiro, H., Tsuji, Y., Kawahara, H., Yoshida, T., Tokura, S., (1998) Kobunshi Ronbunshu, 55, p. 212; 
Lee, Y.M., Shin, E.M., (1991) J Membr Sci, 64, p. 145; 
Varma, H.K., Yokogawa, Y., Espinosa, F.F., Kawamoto, Y., Nishizawa, K., Nagata, F., Kameyama, T., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 879; 
Yokogawa, Y., Nishizawa, K., Nagata, F., Kamayama, T., (1999) Bioceramics, p. 129. , Ohgushi, H.; Hastings, G. W.; Yoshikawa, T., Eds.; World Scientific: Singapore; 
Anselme, K., (2000) Biomaterials, 21, p. 667; 
Northup, S.J., Cammack, J., (1999) Handbook of Biomaterials Evaluation: Scientific, Technical, and Clinical Testing of Implant Materials, p. 325. , Recum, A. F., Ed.; Taylor \& Francis: Philadelphia, PA; 
Brugnerotto, J., Lizardi, J., Goycoolea, F.M., Arguelles-Monal, W., Desbrieres, J., Rinaudo, M., (2001) Polymer, 42, p. 3569; 
Terbojevich, M., Cosani, A., Muzzarelli, R.A.A., (1996) Carbohydr Polym, 29, p. 63; 
Grundke, K., Bogumil, T., Werner, C., Janke, A., Poschel, K., Jacobasch, H.J., (1996) Colloids Surf A, 116, p. 79; 
Kerkeb, M.L., Gonzalezcaballero, F., Chibowski, E., (1993) J Colloid Interface Sci, 159, p. 439; 
Andrade, J.D., Smith, L.M., Gregonis, D.E., (1985) Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers, p. 249. , Andrade, J. D., Ed.; Plenum: New York; 
Owens, D.K., Wendt, R.C., (1969) J Appl Polym Sci, 13, p. 1741; 
Berridge, M.V., Tan, A.S., McCoy, K.D., Wang, R., (1996) Biochemica, 4, p. 14; 
Mosmann, T., (1983) J Immunol Methods, 65, p. 55; 
Huang, R.Y.M., Moon, G.Y., Pal, R., (2001) J Membr Sci, 184, p. 1; 
Domke, J., Dannohl, S., Parak, W.J., Muller, O., Aicher, W.K., Radmacher, M., (2000) Colloids Surf B, 19, p. 367; 
MacDonald, D.E., Markovic, B., Allen, M., Somasundaran, P., Boskey, A.L., (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 41, p. 120; 
Roberts, G.A.F., (1992) Chitin Chemistry, p. 350. , Macmillan: London; 
Andrade, J.D., (1992) Clin Mater, 11, p. 19; 
Wu, S., (1982) Polymer Interface and Adhesion, , Marcel Dekker: New York; 
Granja, P.L., Pouysegu, L., Deffieux, D., Daude, G., De Jeso, B., Labrugere, C., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J Appl Polym Sci, 82, p. 3354; 
Ratner, B.D., Caster, D.G., (1997) Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques, p. 43. , Vickerman, J. C., Ed.; Wiley: Chichester, England; 
Barnes, A., Corkhill, P.H., Tighe, B.J., (1988) Polymer, 29, p. 2191; 
Domard, A., (1997) Advances in Chitin Science, p. 410. , Domard, A.; Roberts, G.; V{\r a}rum, K., Eds.; Jacques Andr{\'e}: Lyon, France; 
Denuziere, A., Ferrier, D., Damour, O., Domard, A., (1998) Biomaterials, 19, p. 1275; 
Wang, X.H., Ma, J.B., Feng, Q.L., Cui, F.Z., (2002) Biomaterials, 23, p. 4591; 
Wang, X.H., Ma, J.B., Wang, Y.N., He, B.L., (2002) Biomaterials, 23, p. 4167; 
Hamano, T., Chiba, D., Nakatsuka, K., Nagahata, M., Teramoto, A., Kondo, Y., Hachimori, A., Abe, K., (2002) Polym Adv Technol, 13, p. 46
},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {276 - 284},
	abstract = {Grafting negatively charged groups such as phosphates is a well-known strategy for inducing the deposition of apatite-like layers under simulated physiological conditions. In this investigation, chitosan was phosphorylated in an attempt to enhance its osteoconduction. Chitosan membranes were phosphorylated at 30{\textdegree}C with the H                        3PO
                        4/ Et 
                        3PO
                        4/P
                        2O
                        5/butanol reaction system for periods up to 48 h. This method is an alternative to the phosphoric acid/ urea/dimethylformamide phosphorylation method, which involves the use of much higher temperatures. In this study, the effects of the phosphorylation reaction time on the surface morphology and surface free energy of phosphorylated membranes were investigated with atomic force microscopy and static-contact-angle measurements, respectively. In addition, the modified membranes were evaluated with respect to their cytotoxiciry toward bone cells through the incubation of human osteoblastic cells with extracts of the materials for two different periods: 24 and 120 h. The results revealed a reduction of the average surface roughness at the nanometer scale with increasing phosphorylation reaction time. Wettability studies showed an increase in the polar component of the surface free energy with increasing reaction time as a result of the increase in the phosphate surface concentration. Cytotoxicity studies revealed no cytotoxic effect of phosphorylated membranes on osteoblastic cells, regardless of the incubation period. {\textcopyright} 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
},
	keywords = {Atomic force microscopy, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Biocompatibility, Biological applications, Biological applications of polymers, Biomaterials, Chitin, chitosan, Chitosan membranes, grafting, Grafting (chemical), Osteoblastic cells, Phosphorylation, Polymeric membranes, polysaccharide, Polysaccharides, surface property, toxicity, Urea},
	isbn = {00218995 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33749478403\&partnerID=40\&md5=c365a50e3e767b1da90ad4ccd331440b},
	author = {Amaral, I.F. and Granja, P.L. and Melo, L.V. and Saramago, B. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2447,
	title = {Biological evaluation of calcium alginate microspheres as a vehicle for the localized delivery of a therapeutic enzyme},
	journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part AJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 12Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBMRCdoi: 10.1002/jbm.a.30348PubMed ID: 16028235Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Barrias, C.C.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica (INEB), Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: ccbarrias@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: alginic acid, 28961-37-7, 29894-36-8, 9005-32-7, 9005-38-3; calcium alginate, 9005-35-0; glucosylceramidase, 37228-64-1; iodine 125, 14158-31-7, 22822-81-7; Alginates; alginic acid, 9005-32-7; Drug Carriers; Enzymes, Immobilized; Glucosylceramidase, EC 3.2.1.45; Glucuronic Acid, 576-37-4; Hexuronic AcidsManufacturers: GenzymeReferences: Grabowski, G.A., Leslie, N., Wenstrup, R., Enzyme therapy for Gaucher disease: The first 5 years (1998) Blood Rev, 12, pp. 115-133;Zhao, H., Grabowski, G.A., Gaucher disease: Perspectives on a prototype lysosomal disease (2002) Cell Mol Life Sci, 59, pp. 694-707; 
Friedman, B., Vaddi, K., Preston, C., Mahon, E., Cataldo, J.R., McPherson, J.M., A comparison of the pharmacological properties of carbohydrate remodeled recombinant and placental-derived beta-glucocerebrosidase: Implications for clinical efficacy in treatment of Gaucher disease (1999) Blood, 93, pp. 2807-2816; 
Rasmussen, J., Barsomian, G., Bergh, M., Enzymatically active recombinant glucocerebrosidase. U.S. patent 6451600. 17 September 2002Elstein, D., Itzchaki, M., Mankin, H.J., Skeletal involvement in Gaucher{\textquoteright}s disease (1997) Baillieres Clin Haematol, 10, pp. 793-816; 
Wenstrup, R.J., Roca-Espiau, M., Weinreb, N.J., Bembi, B., Skeletal aspects of Gaucher disease: A review (2002) Br J Radiol, 75 (SUPPL. 1), pp. A2-A12; 
Mistry, P.K., Wraight, E.P., Cox, T.M., Therapeutic delivery of proteins to macrophages: Implications for treatment of Gaucher{\textquoteright}s disease (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1555-1559; 
Gregoriadis, G., Neerunjun, D., Meade, T.W., Goolamali, S.K., Weereratne, H., Bull, G., Experiences after long-term treatment of a type I Gaucher disease patient with liposome-entrapped glucocerebroside: Beta-glucosidase (1980) Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser, 16, pp. 383-392; 
Dale, G.L., Kuhl, W., Beutler, E., Incorporation of glucocerebrosidase into Gaucher{\textquoteright}s disease monocytes in vitro (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 76, pp. 473-475; 
Beutler, E., Dale, G.L., Guinto, D.E., Kuhl, W., Enzyme replacement therapy in Gaucher{\textquoteright}s disease: Preliminary clinical trial of a new enzyme preparation (1977) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 74, pp. 4620-4623; 
Belchetz, P.E., Crawley, J.C., Braidman, I.P., Gregoriadis, G., Treatment of Gaucher{\textquoteright}s disease with liposome-entrapped glucocerebroside: Beta-glucosidase (1977) Lancet, 2, pp. 116-117; 
Korablyov, V., Zimran, A., Barenholz, Y., Cerebroside-beta-glucosidase encapsulation in liposomes for Gaucher{\textquoteright}s disease treatment revisited (1999) Pharm Res, 16, pp. 466-469; 
Busto, M.D., Ortega, N., Perez-Mateos, M., Effect of immobilization on the stability of bacterial and fungal beta-glucosidase (1997) Process Biochem, 32, pp. 441-449; 
Dashevsky, A., Protein loss by the microencapsulation of an enzyme (lactase) in alginate beads (1998) Int J Pharm, 161, pp. 1-5; 
Blandino, A., Macias, M., Cantero, D., Immobilization of glucose oxidase within calcium alginate gel capsules (2001) Process Biochem, 36, pp. 601-606; 
Kokufuta, E., Shimizu, N., Tanaka, H., Nakamura, I., Use of polyelectrolyte complex-stabilised calcium alginate gel for entrapment of beta-amylase (1988) Biotechnol Bioeng, 33, pp. 756-759; 
Edelman, E.R., Mathiowitz, E., Langer, R., Klagsbrun, M., Controlled and modulated release of basic fibroblast growth factor (1991) Biomaterials, 12, pp. 619-626; 
Peters, M.C., Isenberg, B.C., Rowley, J.A., Mooney, D.J., Release from alginate enhances the biological activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (1998) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 9, pp. 1267-1278; 
Alsberg, E., Anderson, K.W., Albeiruti, A., Franceschi, R.T., Mooney, D.J., Cell-interactive alginate hydrogels for bone tissue engineering (2001) J Dent Res, 80, pp. 2025-2029; 
Rowley, J.A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 45-53; 
Gagne, T.A., Chappell-Afonso, K., Johnson, J.L., McPherson, J.M., Oldham, C.A., Tubo, R.A., Vaccaro, C., Vasios, G.W., Enhanced proliferation and differentiation of human articular chondrocytes when seeded at low cell densities in alginate in vitro (2000) J Orthop Res, 18, pp. 882-890; 
(1993) Iodine-125. A Guide to Radioiodination Techniques: Amersham Life Science, , Amersham Place, Little Chalfont, Bucks: Amersham International pic; 64 pp; 
Sa Miranda, M.C., Aerts, J.M., Pinto, R., Fontes, A., De Lacerda, L.W., Van Weely, S., Barranger, J., Tager, J.M., Activity of glucocerebrosidase in extracts of different cell types from type 1 Gaucher disease patients (1990) Clin Genet, 38, pp. 218-227; 
Smith, P.K., Krohn, R.I., Hermanson, G.T., Mallia, A.K., Gartner, F.H., Provenzano, M.D., Fujimoto, E.K., Klenk, D.C., Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid (1985) Anal Biochem, 150, pp. 76-85; 
Sa Miranda, M.C., Aerts, J.M., Pinto, R.A., Magalhaes, J.A., Barranger, J.A., Tager, J.M., Schram, A.W., Heterogeneity in human acid beta-glucosidase revealed by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis (1988) Biochim Biophys Acta, 965, pp. 163-168; 
Smidsrod, O., Draget, K.I., Chemistry and physical properties of alginates (1996) Carbohyd Eur, 14, pp. 6-13; 
Gaserod, O., Sannes, A., Skjak-Braek, G., Microcapsules of alginate-chitosan. II. A study of capsule stability and permeability (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 773-783; 
Aslani, P., Kennedy, R.A., Studies on diffusion in alginate gels. I. Effect of cross-linking with calcium or zinc ions on diffusion of acetaminophen (1996) J Control Release, 42, pp. 75-82
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {545 - 552},
	abstract = {Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by the decreased activity and/or stability of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCR). The available treatment consists in the intravenous administration of exogenous GCR, and is effective in reverting most of the symptoms. However, in terms of bone pathology, which is among the most disabling manifestations, a slow and incomplete response is observed, indicating that adjuvant therapies are necessary to consistently restore GCR activity in bone and accelerate regeneration. In this study, calcium alginate microspheres were analyzed as a vehicle for localized GCR delivery to bone. Results demonstrated that the entrapped enzyme retained full activity and exhibited a broader pH-dependent activity profile, compared to that of free-GCR, with improved stability at physiological pH. GCR release profile was established, and it was demonstrated that GCR could be released in a sustained manner. The biological behavior of the system was evaluated by analyzing the uptake of released GCR by GCR-deficient cells from GD patients, using different techniques: GCR activity measurements, radiolabeling, and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Results demonstrated that GCR was internalized by cells significantly enhancing the residual enzymatic activity. To achieve an activity reconstitution level comparable to that obtained using free-GCR, only half of the dose was required with entrapped-GCR. {\textcopyright} 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {Alginates, alginic acid, article, Bone, bone disease, Bone Regeneration, Calcium alginate, Calcium Compounds, catalysis, Cell culture, Cells, Cultured, controlled study, Drug Carriers, drug delivery system, enzyme activity, enzyme assay, enzyme replacement, Enzymes, Enzymes, Immobilized, fibroblast culture, Fibroblasts, Gaucher disease, Gaucher disease (GD), Glucocerebrosidase (GCR), Glucosylceramidase, Glucuronic Acid, Hexuronic Acids, human, human cell, Humans, iodine 125, Localized delivery, lysosome enzyme, lysosome storage disease, microsphere, Microspheres, Pathology, pH effects, physiology, recombinant enzyme, Therapeutic enzyme},
	isbn = {00219304 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-24044465170\&partnerID=40\&md5=bbcee8568e0c0223975853a8177439c8},
	author = {Barrias, C.C. and Lamghari, M. and Granja, P.L. and S{\'a} Miranda, M.C. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2438,
	title = {Chemical modification of chitosan by phosphorylation: An XPS, FT-IR and SEM study},
	journal = {Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer EditionJ. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed.},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 50Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JBSEEdoi: 10.1163/156856205774576736Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Amaral, I.F.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: iamaral@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: chitosan, 9012-76-4; phosphate, 14066-19-4, 14265-44-2; apatite, 64476-38-6; butanol, 35296-72-1, 71-36-3; calcium ion, 14127-61-8; Chitosan, 9012-76-4; PhosphatesReferences: Khor, E., (2001) Chitin: Fulfilling a Biomaterials Promise, , Elsevier Science, Oxford;Vande Vord, P.J., Matthew, H.W.T., DeSilva, S.P., Mayton, L., Wu, B., Wooley, P.H., (2002) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 59, p. 585; 
Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Mattioli-Belmonte, M., Tietz, C., Biagini, R., Ferioli, G., Brunelli, M.A., Fini, M., Biagini, G., (1994) Biomaterials, 15, p. 1075; 
Lee, J.Y., Nam, S.H., Im, S.Y., Park, Y.J., Lee, Y.M., Seol, Y.J., Chung, C.P., Lee, S.J., (2002) J. Control. Rel., 78, p. 187; 
(2002) Chitosan in Pharmacy and Chemistry, p. 233. , R.A. A. Muzzarelli and C. Muzzarelli (Eds), in: Atec, Grottammare; 
Zhao, F., Yin, Y.J., Lu, W.W., Leong, J.C., Zhang, W.J., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, M.F., Yao, K.D., (2002) Biomaterials, 23, p. 3227; 
Tanahashi, M., Matsuda, T., (1997) J. Biomed Mater. Res., 34, p. 305; 
Yokogawa, Y., Reyes, J.P., Mucalo, M.R., Toriyama, M., Kawamoto, Y., Suzuki, T., Nishizawa, K., Kamayama, T., (1997) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 8, p. 407; 
Varma, H.K., Yokogawa, Y., Espinosa, F.F., Kawamoto, Y., Nishizawa, K., Nagata, F., Kameyama, T., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 879; 
Orban, J.M., Marra, K.G., Hollinger, J.O., (2002) Tissue Eng., 8, p. 529; 
Ilyina, A.V., Varlamov, V.P., Tikhonov, V.E., Yamskov, I.A., Davankov, V.A., (1994) Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 19, p. 199; 
Sugihara, J., Imamura, T., Yanase, T., Yamada, H., Imoto, T., (1982) J. Chromatogr., 229, p. 193; 
Kennedy, J.F., Cabral, J.M.S., (1983) Solid Phase Biochemistry: Analytical Synthetic Aspects, p. 253. , in: W. H. Schouten (Ed.) Wiley, New York, NY; 
Chatelet, C., Damour, O., Domard, A., (2001) Biomaterials, 22, p. 261; 
Granja, P.L., Pouysegu, L., Petraud, M., De Jeso, B., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, p. 3341; 
Fricain, J.C., Granja, P.L., Barbosa, A.M., de Jeso, B., Barthe, N., Baquey, C., (2002) Biomaterials, 23, p. 971; 
Sakairi, N., Shirai, A., Miyazaki, S., Tashiro, H., Tsuji, Y., Kawahara, H., Yoshida, T., Tokura, S., (1998) Kobunshi Ronbunshu, 55, p. 212; 
Sakaguchi, T., Horkoshi, T., Nakajima, A., (1981) Agricult. Biol. Chem., 45, p. 2191; 
Nishi, N., Ebina, A., Nishimura, S., Tsutsumi, A., Hasegawa, O., Tokura, S., (1986) Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 8, p. 311; 
Baxter, B., Dillon, M., Taylor, K.D.A., Roberts, G.A.F., (1992) Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 14, p. 166; 
Wang, W., Bo, S.Q., Li, S.Q., Qin, W., (1991) Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 13, p. 281; 
Aiba, S., (1986) Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 8, p. 173; 
Hirano, S., Ohe, Y., Ono, H., (1976) Carbohydr. Res., 47, p. 315; 
Shigemasa, Y., Matsuura, H., Sashiwa, H., Saimoto, H., (1996) Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 18, p. 237; 
Seah, M.P., (1990) Practical Surface Analysis, 1, p. 541. , D.in: Briggs and M. P. Seah (Eds) Wiley, Chichester; 
Sherwood, P.M.A., (1990) Practical Surface Analysis, 1, p. 555. , in: D. Briggs and M. P. Seah (Eds) Wiley, Chichester; 
Hudson, S.M., Smith, C., (1998) Bio-polymers from Renewable Resources, p. 96. , in: D. L. Kaplan (Ed.) Springer, Berlin; 
Shepherd, R., Reader, S., Falshaw, A., (1997) Glycoconj. J., 14, p. 535; 
Wang, X.H., Ma, J.B., Wang, Y.N., He, B.L., (2001) Biomaterials, 22, p. 2247; 
Lee, Y.M., Shin, E.M., (1991) J. Membr. Sci., 64, p. 145; 
Kim, S.S., Jeong, W.Y., Shin, B.C., Oh, S.Y., Kim, H.W., Rhee, J.M., (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 40, p. 401; 
Whistler, R.L., Towle, G.A., (1969) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 135, p. 396; 
Gardner, S.D., Singamsetty, C.S.K., Booth, G.L., He, G., (1995) Carbon, 33, p. 587; 
Briggs, D., (1990) Practical Surface Analysis, 1, p. 437. , in: D. Briggs and M. P. Seah (Eds) Wiley, Chichester; 
Beamson, G.D.B., (1992) High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers, , Wiley, Chichester; 
Ratner, B.D., Caster, D.G., (1997) Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques, p. 43. , in: J. C. Vickerman (Ed.) Wiley, Chichester; 
Bourbigot, S., Lebras, M., Gengembre, L., Delobel, R., (1994) Appl. Surf. Sci., 81, p. 299; 
Kilpadi, D.V., Raikar, G.N., Liu, J., Lemons, J.E., Vohra, Y., Gregory, J.C., (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 40, p. 646; 
Landis, W.J., (1984) Vac. Technol., A2, p. 1108; 
Wagner, C.D., Naumkin, A.V., Kraut-Vass, A., Alisson, J.W., Powell, C.J., Rumble Jr., J.R., (2003) NIST-X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database 20 Version 3.4, , http://srdata.nist.gov/xps/, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD Available online at; 
Quan, D.T., Le Bloa, A., Habib, H., Bonnaud, O., Meinnel, J., Quemerais, A., Marchand, R., (1989) Rev. Phys. Appl., 24, p. 545; 
Lindberg, B., Maripuu, R., Siegbahn, K., Larsson, R., Golander, C.G., Eriksson, J.C., (1983) J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 95, p. 308; 
Domard, A., (1997) Advances in Chitin Science, 2, p. 410. , in: A. Domard, G. Roberts and K. V{\r a}rum (Eds) Jacques Andr{\'e}, Lyon; 
Granja, P.L., Pouysegu, L., Deffieux, D., Daude, G., De Jeso, B., Labrugere, C., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, p. 3354; 
Roeges, N.P.G., (1994) A Guide to the Complete Interpretation of Infrared Spectra of Organic Structures, , Wiley, Chichester; 
Pearson, F.G., Marchessault, R.H., Liang, C.Y., (1960) J. Polym. Sci., 43, p. 101; 
Roberts, G.A.F., (1992) Chitin Chemistry, , Macmillan, London; 
Kuptsov, A.H., Zhizhin, G.N., (1998) Handbook of Fourrier Transform Raman and Infrared Spectra of Polymers, , Elsevier, Amsterdam; 
Daasch, L.W., Smith, D.C., (1951) Anal. Chem., 23, p. 854; 
Bueno, W.A., (1990) Manual De Espectroscopia Vibracional, , McGraw-Hill, S{\~a}o Paulo; 
Nyquist, R.A., Craver, C.D., (1997) The Coblentz Society Desk Book of Infrared Spectra, , The Coblentz Society, French Village, MO; 
Hirano, S., Tobetto, K., Noishiki, Y., (1981) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 15, p. 903
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {1575 - 1593},
	abstract = {In the present work, the surface of chitosan membranes was modified using a phosphorylation method carried out at room temperature. Phosphorylation may be of particular interest in materials for orthopaedic applications, due to the cation-exchange properties of phosphate functionalities. Phosphate groups chelate calcium ions, thus inducing the deposition of an apatite-like layer known to improve the osteoconduction of polymer-based implants. Additionally, the negatively charged phosphate functionalities, together with the positively charged amine groups from chitosan, are expected to provide chitosan with an amphoteric character, which may be useful as a combinatorial therapeutic strategy, by simultaneously allowing the immobilization of signalling molecules like growth factors. Phosphorylation was carried out at room temperature using the H                        3 PO
                        4/Et
                        3 PO
                        4/P
                        2O
                        5/butanol method. Surface characterization was performed by XPS, ATR-FT-IR, and SEM. Cross-sections were analyzed by SEM fitted with EDS. The phosphate content increased with the reaction time, as shown by XPS and ATR-FT-IR, a P/N atomic ratio of 0.73 being obtained after 48 h of treatment. High-resolution XPS spectra regarding C
                        1s, O
                        1s, N
                        1s and P
                        2p are discussed. The introduction of a neutralization step led to a reduction of P content, which pointed out to the presence of phosphates ionically bound to protonated amines, in addition to phosphate esters. EDS analysis of cross-sections revealed a gradual P reduction up to 50\% towards the inner part of the membrane. {\textcopyright} VSP 2005.
},
	keywords = {Acetylation, amine, animal, Animals, Apatite, article, bone conduction, butanol, calcium ion, cation exchange, cephalopod, chelate, Chemical modification, chemistry, Chitin, chitosan, comparative study, controlled study, Decapodiformes, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Growth factor, immobilization, Implants (surgical), infrared spectroscopy, isolation and purification, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, molecular weight, organophosphate, phosphate, Phosphate groups, Phosphates, Phosphorylation, Phosphorylation method, Plastics applications, priority journal, reflectometry, room temperature, Scanning electron microscopy, SEM-EDS, signal transduction, spectrometry, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Surface chemical reaction, Surface Properties, surface property, temperature, time, Time Factors, viscosity, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)},
	isbn = {09205063 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33644875542\&partnerID=40\&md5=cb42a0fba6d2000d93b90af9724a5bc1},
	author = {Amaral, I.F. and Granja, P.L. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2441,
	title = {Improving the adhesion of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers to poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels by ozone treatment: Surface characterization and pull-out tests},
	journal = {PolymerPolymer},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: POLMAdoi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.033Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Ferreira, L.; Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: lino@mit.eduReferences: Hart, B.L., Deyo, R.A., Cherkin, D.C., (1995) Spine, 20, pp. 11-19;Bao, Q.-B., McCullen, G.M., Higham, P.A., Dumbleton, J.H., Yuan, H.A., (1996) Biomaterials, 17, pp. 1157-1167; 
Martz, E.O., Goel, V.K., Pope, M.H., Park, J.B., (1997) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater), 38, pp. 267-288; 
Strobel, M., Walzak, M.J., Hill, J.M., Lin, A., Karbashewski, E., Lyons, C.S., (1995) J Adhes Sci Technol, 9 (3), pp. 365-383; 
Le, Q.T., Pireaux, J.J., Caudano, R., (1997) J Adhes Sci Technol, 11, pp. 735-751; 
O{\textquoteright}Hare, L.-A., Smith, J.A., Leadley, S.R., Parbhoo, B., Goodwin, A.J., Watts, J.F., (2002) Surf Interface Anal, 33, pp. 617-625; 
Walzak, M.J., Flynn, S., Foerch, R., Hil, J.M., Karbashewski, E., Lin, A., (1995) J Adhes Sci Technol, 9, pp. 1229-1248; 
Hill, J.M., Karbashewski, E., Lin, A., Strobel, M., Walzak, M.J., (1995) J Adhes Sci Technol, 9 (12), pp. 1575-1591; 
Blais, P., Day, M., Wiles, D.M., (1973) J Appl Polym Sci, 17, pp. 1895-1907; 
Day, M., Wiles, D.M., (1972) J Appl Polym Sci, 16, pp. 175-189; 
Nissen, K.E., Stevens, M.G., Stuart, B.H., Baker, A.T., (2001) J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys, 39, pp. 623-633; 
Chen, W., McCarthy, T.J., (1998) Macromolecules, 31, pp. 3648-3655; 
Mougenot, P., Marchand-Brynaert, J., (1996) Macromolecules, 29, pp. 3552-3559; 
Hebeish, A., Shalaby, S.E., Bayazeed, A.M., (1981) J Appl Polym Sci, 26, pp. 3253-3269; 
Degert, C., Dupuy, B., Labat, B., Baquey, C., (1993) Biomat Art Cells Immobil Biotech, 21, pp. 553-561; 
Ambrosio, L., Netti, P.A., Iannace, S., Huang, S.J., Nicolais, L., (1996) J Mater Sci: Mater Int Med, 7, pp. 251-254; 
Rule, M., Physical constants of poly(oxyethylene-oxyterephthaloyl) (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) (1999) Polymer Handbook, pp. V/113-V/118. , J. Brandrup E.H. Immergut E.A. Grulke Wiley New York; 
Seah, M.P., Dench, W.A., (1979) Surf Interface Anal, 1, pp. 2-11; 
Strobel, M., Lyons, C., Strobel, J.M., Kapaun, R.S., (1992) J Adhes Sci Technol, 6 (4), pp. 429-443; 
Harrick, N.J., (1979) Internal Reflection Spectroscopy, , 2nd ed Wiley New York; 
Andrade, J.D., Smith, L.M., Gregonis, D.E., (1985) The Contact Angle and Interface Energetics, , Plenum press New York; 
Peeling, J., Clark, D.T., (1983) J Polym Sci: Polym Chem Ed, 21, pp. 2047-2055; 
Peeling, J., Courval, G., Jazzar, M.S., (1984) J Polym Sci: Polym Chem Ed, 22, pp. 419-428; 
Razumovskii, S.D., Kefeli, A.A., Zaikov, G.E., (1971) Eur Polym J, 7, pp. 275-285; 
Wang, Y., Lehmann, S., (1999) Appl Spectrosc, 53, pp. 914-918; 
Liang, C.Y., Krimm, S., (1959) J Mol Spectrosc, 3, pp. 554-574; 
Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S., (1996) Introduction to Spectroscopy, , 2nd ed Harcourt Brace College Publishers New York; 
Carlsson, D.J., Wiles, D.M., (1969) Macromolecules, 2 (6), pp. 597-606; 
Socrates, G., (2001) Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts, , 3rd ed Wiley New York; 
Rabek, J.F., Lucki, J., R{\r a}nby, Y., Watanabe, Y., Qu, B.J., (1988) Photoozination of Polypropylene, , American Chemical Society Washington, DC; 
Ton-That, C., Teare, D.O.H., Campbell, P.A., Bradley, R.H., (1999) Surf Sci, 433-435, pp. 278-282; 
Tanaka, K., Minoshima, K., Grela, W., Komai, K., (2002) Compos Sci Technol, 62, pp. 2169-2177; 
Sadiku, E.R., Sanderson, R.D., (2001) Macromol Mater Eng, 286, pp. 535-545; 
Pisanova, E., Zhandarov, S., (2001) J Adhes, 75, pp. 89-127; 
Owens, D.K., (1975) J Appl Polym Sci, 19, pp. 3315-3326; 
Briggs, D., Rance, D.G., Kendall, C.R., Blythe, A.R., (1980) Polymer, 21, pp. 895-900; 
Fu, S.-Y., Yue, C.-Y., Hu, X., Mai, Y.-W., (2000) Compos Sci Technol, 60, pp. 569-579
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {9840 - 9850},
	abstract = {This work reports a methodology to improve the adhesion between poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels by treating PET with ozone. The surface chemistry of PET was examined by water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) yielding information about the chemical functionalities at depths upon 0.6 μm. Ozone treatment introduces several polar groups in the surface of PET through oxidation and chain scission resulting in increased wettability. These groups include mostly carboxylic and anhydride groups and in small extent hydroxyl groups. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis shows that the surface of ozone-treated PET films is fully covered with spherical particles that are removed after washing the film with water. During the washing step carboxylic functionalities were removed preferentially, as demonstrated by XPS and IR analysis. According to pull-out tests, PET monofilaments and bundles treated by ozone had a higher adhesion to pHEMA hydrogels than untreated ones. The apparent interfacial shear strength is 65\% higher on pHEMA hydrogel containing an ozonated than an untreated PET monofilament. In addition, the force to pull-out an ozone-treated PET bundle from pHEMA hydrogel is ca. 81\% higher than the one observed for the untreated bundle. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Adhesion, Atomic force microscopy, Contact angle, hydrogel, Hydrogels, infrared spectroscopy, Oxidation, Ozone, ozone treatment, Ozone treatments, Poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene terephthalate fiber, Polyethylene terephthalates, Polymethyl methacrylates, pull-out, Pull-out tests, Surface characterization, Surface chemistry, surface property, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {00323861 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-26844540116\&partnerID=40\&md5=bebe6186e9e73c41648eedee7d5c0f61},
	author = {Ferreira, L. and Evangelista, M.B. and Martins, M.C.L. and Granja, P.L. and Esteves, J.L. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2452,
	title = {Mineralization of regenerated cellulose hydrogels induced by human bone marrow stromal cells},
	journal = {European Cells and MaterialsEur. Cells and Mater.},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 7Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusPubMed ID: 16217723Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Granja, P.L.; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: pgranja@ineb.up.ptChemicals/CAS: cellulose, 61991-22-8, 68073-05-2, 9004-34-6; hydroxyapatite, 1306-06-5, 51198-94-8; Calcium Phosphates; Cellulose, 9004-34-6; Hydrogels; calcium phosphate, 10103-46-5References: (1994) Evaluation Biologique des Dispositifs M{\'e}dicaux. Partie 5: Essais Concernant la Cytotoxicit{\'e}: M{\'e}thodes in Vitro. (Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices. Part 5: Cytotoxicity Assays: in Vitro Methods), , www.afnor.fr, AFNOR-NF EN 30993-5. Association Fran{\c c}aise de Normalization, Saint-Denis la Plaine, France;Albrektsson, T., Hard tissue response (1998) Handbook Of Biomaterial Properties, pp. 500-512. , Black J, Hastings G (eds). Chapman \& Hall, London; 
Am{\'e}d{\'e}e, J., Bareille, R., Jeandot, R., Bordenave, L., Remy, M., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Evaluation of cell colonization on biomaterials: Preventing cell attachment to plastic containers (1994) Biomaterials, 15, pp. 1029-1031; 
Bergsma, J.E., De Bruijn, W.C., Rozema, F.R., Bos, R.R.M., Boering, G., Late degradation tissue response to poly(L-lactide) bone plates and screws (1995) Biomaterials, 16, pp. 25-31; 
Bohic, S., Heymann, D., Pouezat, J.A., Gauthier, O., Daculsi, G., Transmission FT-IR microspectroscopy of mineral phases in calcified tissues (1998) Sciences de la Vie, 321, pp. 865-876; 
Burgess, E.A., Hollinger, J.O., Options for engineering bone (1998) Frontiers in Tissue Engineering, pp. 383-399. , Patrick Jr CW, Mikos AG, McIntire LV (eds). Elsevier Science, Oxford; 
Chauveaux, D., Barbie, C., Barthe, X., Baquey, C., Poustis, J., Biological behaviour of cellulosic materials after bone implantation: Preliminary results (1990) Clin Mater, 5, pp. 251-258; 
Choee, J.H., Lee, S.J., Lee, Y.M., Rhee, J.M., Lee, H.B., Khang, G., Proliferation rate of fibroblast cells on polyethylene surfaces with wettability gradient (2004) J Appl Polym Sci, 92, pp. 599-606; 
Curtis, A.S.G., Forrester, J.V., Clark, P., Substrate hydroxylation and cell adhesion (1986) J Cell Sci, 86, pp. 9-24; 
Dasarathy, H., Riley, C., Coble, H.D., Analysis of apatite deposits on substrates (1993) J Biomed Mater Res, 27, pp. 477-482; 
Degenshein, G.A., Hurwitz, A., Ribacoff, S., Experience with regenerated oxidized cellulose (1963) NY State J Med, 63, pp. 2639-2643; 
Dias, G.J., Peplow, P.V., Teixeira, F., Osseous regeneration in the presence of oxidized cellulose and collagen (2003) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 14, pp. 739-745; 
Dumitriu, S., Dumitriu, M., Hydrogels as support for drug delivery systems (1996) Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, pp. 705-764. , Dumitriu S (ed.). Marcel Dekker, New York; 
Franz, G., Polysaccharides in pharmacy (1986) Adv Polym Sci, 76, pp. 1-30; 
Friedman, R.J., Black, J., Galante, J.O., Jacobs, J.J., Skinner, H.B., Current concepts in orthopaedic biomaterials and implant fixation (1993) J Bone Joint Surg, 75 A, pp. 1086-1109; 
Galgut, P.N., Oxidized cellulose mesh. I. Biodegradable membrane in periodontal surgery (1990) Biomaterials, 11, pp. 561-564; 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., Deffieux, D., Daud{\'e}, G., De J{\'e}so, B., Labrug{\`e}re, C., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. Surface chemical modification of regenerated cellulose hydrogels (2001) J Appl Polym Sci, 82, pp. 3354-3365; 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}so, B., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. Mineralization of chemically modified regenerated cellulose hydrogels (2001) J Mater Sci, 36, pp. 2163-2172; 
Granja, P.L., Ribeiro, C.C., De J{\'e}so, B., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., Mineralization of regenerated cellulose hydrogels (2001) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 12, pp. 785-791; 
Hayashi, T., Biodegradable polymers for biomedical uses (1994) Prog Polym Sci, 19, pp. 663-702; 
Healy, K.E., Thomas, C.H., Rezania, A., Kim, J.E., McKeown, P.J., Lom, B., Hockberger, P.E., Kinetics of bone cell organization and mineralization on materials with patterned surface chemistry (1996) Biomaterials, 17, pp. 195-208; 
Hon, D.N.-S., Cellulose and its derivatives: Structures, reactions, and medical uses (1996) Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, pp. 87-105. , Dumitriu D (ed.). Marcel Dekker, New York; 
Horbett, T.A., The role of adsorbed proteins in tissue response to biomaterials (2004) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, 2nd Ed., pp. 237-246. , Ratner BD, Hoffman AS, Schoen FJ, Lemons JE (eds.). Elsevier-Academic Press, San Diego; 
Hosseini, M.M., Sodek, J., Franke, R.-P., Davies, J.E., The structure and composition of the bone-implant interface (2000) Bone Engineering, pp. 295-304. , Davies JE (ed.). em squared inc., Toronto; 
Ikada, Y., Biomedical applications of cellulose membranes (1989) Cellulose: Structural and Functional Aspects, pp. 447-455. , Kennedy JF, Phillips GO, Williams PA (eds.). Ellis Horwood, Chichester; 
Ishaug, S.L., Crane, G.M., Miller, M.J., Yasko, A.W., Yaszemski, M.J., Mikos, A.G., Bone formation by three-dimensional stromal osteoblast culture in biodegradable polymer scaffolds (1997) J Biomed Mater Res, 36, pp. 17-28; 
(1992) Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices. Test for Cytotoxicity: in Vitro Methods, , www.iso.org, ISO 10993-5. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland; 
Lamba, N.M.K., Baumgartner, J.A., Cooper, S.L., Cell-synthetic surface interactions (1998) Frontiers in Tissue Engineering, pp. 121-137. , Patrick Jr CW, Mikos AG, McIntire LV (eds). Elsevier Science, Oxford; 
Lee, J.H., Lee, J.W., Khang, G., Lee, H.B., Interaction of cells on chargeable functional group gradient surfaces (1997) Biomaterials, 18, pp. 351-358; 
Martson, M., Viljanto, J., Hurme, T., Saukko, P., Biocompatibility of cellulose sponge with bone (1998) Eur Surg Res, 30, pp. 426-432; 
Martson, M., Viljanto, J., Hurme, T., Laippala, P., Saukko, P., Is cellulose sponge degradable or stable as implantation materials? An in vivo subcutaneous study in the rat (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 1899-1995; 
McFarland, C.D., Mayer, S., Scotchford, C., Dalton, B.A., Steele, J.G., Downes, S., Attachment of cultured human bone cells to novel polymers (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 44, pp. 1-11; 
Miyamoto, T., Takahashi, S., Ito, H., Inagaki, H., Noishiki, Y., Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives (1989) J Biomed Mater Res, 23, pp. 125-133; 
Mosmann, T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays (1983) J Immunol Meth, 65, pp. 55-63; 
Patrick Jr., C.W., Mikos, A.G., McIntire, L.V., Prospectus of tissue engineering (1998) Frontiers in Tissue Engineering, pp. 3-11. , Patrick Jr CW, Mikos AG, McIntire LV (eds). Elsevier Science, Oxford; 
Pommier, J.C., Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., (1990), Biocompatible, hydrophilic material. Method of manufacture and uses of same (Fr Pat 8610331, 1986; Eur Pat 0256906 A1, 1987) US Pat 4904258Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., Mechanical properties of cellulose in orthopaedic devices and related environments (1994) Clin Mater, 16, pp. 119-124; 
Puleo, D.A., Bizios, R., Formation of focal contacts by osteoblasts cultured on orthopedic biomaterials (1992) J Biomed Mater Res, 26, pp. 291-301; 
Puleo, D.A., Nanci, A., Understanding and controlling the bone-implant interface (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 2311-2321; 
Shelton, R.M., Rasmussen, A.C., Davies, J.E., Protein adsorption at the interface between charged polymer substrata and migrating osteoblasts (1988) Biomaterials, 9, pp. 24-29; 
Skoog, T., The use of periosteum and surgicel{\textregistered} for bone restoration in congenital clefts of the maxilla (1967) Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg, 1, pp. 113-130; 
Smetana Jr., K., Cell biology of hydrogels (1993) Biomaterials, 14, pp. 1046-1050; 
Uysal, A., Ozbek, S., Ozcan, M., Comparison of the biological activities of high-density porous polyethylene implants and oxidized regenerated cellulose-wrapped diced cartilage grafts (2003) Plast Reconstr Surg, 112, pp. 540-546; 
Vert, M., Mauduit, J., Li, S., Biodegradation of PLA/GA polymers: Increasing complexity (1994) Biomaterials, 15, pp. 1209-1213; 
Vilamitjana-Am{\'e}d{\'e}e, J., Bareille, R., Rouais, F., Caplan, A.I., Harmand, M.F., Human bone marrow stromal cells express an osteoblastic phenotype in culture (1993) In Vitro Cell Dev Biol, 29 A, pp. 699-707; 
Recum, H.A., Yaszemski, M.J., Mikos, A.G., Tissue engineering concepts (1999) Handbook of Biomaterials Evaluation: Scientific, Technical and Clinical Testing of Implant Materials, 2nd Ed., pp. 385-409. , von Recum AF (ed.), Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor; 
Webb, K., Hlady, V., Tresco, P.A., Relative importance of surface wettability and charged functional groups on NIH 2T3 fibroblast attachment, spreading and cytoskeletal organization (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 41, pp. 422-430; 
Yaszemski, M.J., Payne, R.G., Hayes, W.C., Langer, R., Mikos, A.G., Evolution of bone transplantation: Molecular, cellular and tissue strategies to engineer human bone (1996) Biomaterials, 17, pp. 175-185; 
Kristen, H., Bosch, P., Bednar, H., Plenk Jr., H., Biocompatibility of wood in bone tissue (1977) Arch Orthop Unfallchir, 89, pp. 1-14; 
Kristen, H., Bosch, P., Bednar, H., Plenk Jr., H., The effects of dynamic loading on intracalcaneal wood implants and on the tissues surrounding them (1979) Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 93, pp. 287-292; 
Li, S.H., Liu, Q., De Wijn, J., Zhou, B.L., De Groot, K., Calcium phosphate formation induced on silica in bamboo (1997) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 8, pp. 427-433; 
Li, S.H., Liu, Q., De Wijn, J.R., Zhou, B.L., De Groot, K., In vitro calcium phosphate formation on a natural composite material, bamboo (1997) Biomaterials, 18, pp. 389-395
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {31 - 39},
	abstract = {The proliferation of cultured human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC) on regenerated cellulose hydrogels was assessed. Regenerated cellulose hydrogels showed good rates of HBMSC proliferation, the cells exhibiting a flattened morphology, and after 22 days in culture, the cells had homogeneously colonized the surface of the materials. Moreover, since the early days in culture, between the surface of the materials and attached cells a continuous granulated hydroxyapatite layer was formed. It has been previously demonstrated in vitro, but without cells, that these materials did not mineralize. Hence, it seems that HBMSC promoted the mineralization of the surface.},
	keywords = {article, bone marrow cell, Bone Marrow Cells, bone mineralization, Calcification, Physiologic, Calcium phosphates, Cell culture, cell proliferation, cell regeneration, Cells, Cultured, Cellulose, hematopoietic stem cell, human, Human bone marrow stromal cells, human cell, Humans, hydrogel, Hydrogels, hydroxyapatite, in vitro study, mineralization, Regenerated cellulose hydrogels, Regeneration, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, stroma cell, Stromal Cells, Time series analysis},
	isbn = {14732262 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-28444434484\&partnerID=40\&md5=336e1872af4f9b4274cda0b46e091486},
	author = {Granja, P.L. and De J{\'e}so, B. and Bareille, R. and Rouais, F. and Baquey, C. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2454,
	title = {Polysaccharides as scaffolds for bone regeneration},
	journal = {ITBM-RBMITBM-RBM},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 22Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: ITBMFdoi: 10.1016/j.rbmret.2005.04.006Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Barbosa, M.A.; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biom{\'e}dica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: mbarbosa@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: alginic acid, 28961-37-7, 29894-36-8, 9005-32-7, 9005-38-3; arginylglycylaspartic acid, 99896-85-2; cellulose, 61991-22-8, 68073-05-2, 9004-34-6; chitosan, 9012-76-4References: Shogren, R.L., Bagley, E.B., Natural polymers as advanced materials: Some research needs and directions (1999) Biopolymers. Utilizing Nature{\textquoteright}s Advanced Materials, ACS Symposium Series 723, pp. 2-11. , S.H. Iman R.V. Greene B.R. Zaidi Oxford University Press Cary, USA;Kaplan, D.L., Introduction to polymers from renewable resources (1998) Biopolymers from Renewable Resources, pp. 1-29. , D.L. Kaplan Springer Verlag Berlin, Germany; 
Yannas, I.V., Natural materials (1996) Biomaterials Science. An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, pp. 84-94. , B.D. Ratner A.S. Hoffman F.J. Schoen J.E. Lemons Academic Press California, USA; 
Hon, D.-S., Cellulose and its derivatives: Structures, reactions, and medical uses (1996) Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, pp. 87-105. , S. Dumitriu Marcel Dekker New York, USA; 
Okajima, K., Role of molecular characteristics on some physiological properties of cellulose derivatives (1989) Cellulose: Structural and Functional Aspects, pp. 439-446. , J.F. Kennedy G.O. Phillips P.A. Williams Ellis Horwood Chichester, UK; 
Ikada, Y., Biomedical applications of cellulose membranes Cellulose: Structural and Functional Aspects, pp. 447-455; 
Miyamoto, T., Takahashi, S., Ito, H., Inagaki, H., Noishiki, Y., Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives (1989) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23, pp. 125-133; 
Hayashi, T., Biodegradable polymers for biomedical uses (1994) Prog. Polym. Sci., 19, pp. 663-702; 
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., Wagenknecht, W., (1998) Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry, Vol 1, Fundamentals and Analytical Methods and Functionalization of Cellulose, Vol. 2, , Wiley-VCH Weinheim, Germany; 
Hon, D.-S., Cellulose and its derivatives: Structures, reactions, and medical uses (1996) Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, pp. 87-105. , S. Dumitriu Marcel Dekker New York, USA; 
Nevell, T.P., Zeronian, S.H., (1985) Cellulose Chemistry and Its Applications, , Ellis Horwood Chichester, UK; 
Pommier, J.C., Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., Biocompatible, hydrophilic material. Method of manufacture and uses of same. Fr Pat 8610331, 1986; Eur Pat 0256906 A1, 1987; US Pat 4904258, 1990Baquey, C., Chauveuax, D., Poustis, J., La cellulose: Un vieux mat́riau pour le developpement de biomat́riaux innovants (1992) Sci. Tech. Technol., 20, pp. 28-32; 
Barb{\'\i}, C., Chauveaux, D., Baquey, C., Poustis, J., Pommier, J.C., Morlier, R., {\'E}valuation des propriet́s mecaniques de mat́riaux cellulosiques et perspectives d{\textquoteright}application originales de ces mat́riaux en chirurgie orthoṕdique (1987) Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, pp. 319-325. , Proc BIOMAT 87 Congress Bordeaux, France; 
Barb{\'\i}, C., Bareille, R., Harmand, M.-F., Baquey, C., Cellulosic materials for skeletal reparation: Mechanical, physical and biological in vitro behaviour (1989) Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, , Proc BIOMAT 89 Congress Bordeaux, France; 
Brie, J., Lafage, M.H., Chauveaux, D., Gueroult, J.M., Poustis, J., Baquey, C., La cellulose macroporeuse: Un mat́riau potentiellement utilisable pour le comblement osseux (1992) Biomat́riaux et Organes Artificiels, , Proc BIOMAT 92 Congress Bordeaux, France; 
Poustis, J., Chauveaux, D., Baquey, C., (1992) Dynamic Testing of Cellulose in Orthopaedics Devices and Related Environments, p. 191. , 4th World Biomaterials Congr Berlin, Germany; 
Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., Mechanical properties of cellulose in orthopaedic devices and related environments (1994) Clin. Mater., 16, pp. 119-124; 
Chauveaux, D., Gueroult, J.-M., Barb{\'\i}, C., Baquey, C., Cellulosic materials for skeletal reparation: Preliminary study of in vivo biocompatibility (1989) Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, , Proc BIOMAT 89 Congress Bordeaux, France; 
Barbie, C., Chauveaux, D., Barthe, X., Baquey, C., Poustis, J., Biological behaviour of cellulosic materials after bone implantation: Preliminary results (1990) Clin. Mater., 5, pp. 251-258; 
Gross, U., Muller-Mai, C., Voigt, C., (1992) The Tissue Response on Cellulose Cylinders after Implantation in the Distal Femur of Rabbits, p. 192. , 4th World Biomaterials Congr Berlin, Germany; 
Baquey, C., Barb{\'\i}, C., More, N., Rouais, F., Poustis, J., Chauveaux, D., (1992) In Vivo Study of the Biostability of a Cellulose Material, p. 365. , 4th World Biomaterials Congr Berlin, Germany; 
Mizusawa, Y., Burke, J.R., Prednisolone and cellulose phosphate treatment in idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia with nephrocalcinosis (1996) J. Pediatr. Child Health, 32, pp. 350-352; 
Parfitt, A.M., Effect of cellulose phosphate on calcium and magnesium homeostasis: Studies in normal subjects and patients with latent hypoparathyroidism (1975) Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., 49, pp. 83-90; 
Pak, C.Y.C., Delea, C.S., Bartter, F.C., Successful treatment of recurrent nephrolithiasis (calcium stones) with cellulose phosphate (1974) N. Engl. J. Med., 290, pp. 175-180; 
Dowd, V., Yon, R.J., Heterogeneous binding of aldolase to phosphocellulose. Interpretation in terms of a "concerted cluster" model of multivalent affinity (1992) J. Chromatogr., 627, pp. 145-151; 
Sugihara, J., Imamura, T., Yanase, T., Separation of peptides by cellulose-phosphate chromatography for identification of a hemoglobin variant (1982) J. Chromatogr., 229, pp. 193-199; 
Granja, P.L., Pouy{\'s}gu, L., Ṕtraud, M., De J́so, B., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. Synthesis and characterization of highly phosphorylated cellulose gels (2001) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, pp. 3341-3353; 
Granja, P.L., Pouy{\'s}gu, L., Deffieux, D., Daud́, G., De J́so, B., Labrug̀re, C., Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. Surface chemical modification of regenerated cellulose hydrogels (2001) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, pp. 3354-3365; 
Granja, P.L., Pouy{\'s}gu, L., De J́so, B., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. Mineralization of chemically modified regenerated cellulose hydrogels (2001) J. Mater. Sci., 36, pp. 2163-2172; 
Granja, P.L., Ribeiro, C.C., De J́so, B., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., Mineralization of regenerated cellulose hydrogels (2001) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 12, pp. 785-791; 
Granja, P.L., De J́so, B., Bareille, R., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2004) Cellulose Phosphates As Biomaterials. in Vitro Biocompatibility Studies; 
Granja, P.L., De J́so, B., Bareille, R., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2004) Mineralization of Regenerated Cellulose Hydrogels Induced by Human Osteoprogenitor Cells; 
Fricain, J.C., Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., De J́so, B., Barthe, N., Baquey, C., Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. in vivo biocompatibility studies (2001) Biomaterials, 23, pp. 971-980; 
Franz, G., Polysaccharides in pharmacy (1986) Adv. Polym. Sci., 76, pp. 1-30; 
Skoog, T., The use of periosteum and surgicel{\textregistered} for bone restoration in congenital clefts of the maxilla (1967) Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 1, pp. 113-130; 
Degenshein, G.A., Hurwitz, A., Ribacoff, S., Experience with regenerated oxidized cellulose (1963) N. Y. State J. Med., 63, pp. 2639-2643; 
Finn, M.D., Schow, S.R., Schneiderman, E.D., Osseous regeneration in the presence of four common hemostatic agents (1992) J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 50, pp. 608-612; 
Galgut, P.N., Oxidized cellulose mesh. I. Biodegradable membrane in periodontal surgery (1990) Biomaterials, 11, pp. 561-564; 
Matthew, I.R., Browne, R.M., Frame, J.W., Millar, B.G., Subperiosteal behaviour of alginate and cellulose wound dressing materials (1995) Biomaterials, 16, pp. 275-278; 
Galgut, P.N., Oxidized cellulose mesh. II. Using hydroxy-apatite bone grafting material in the treatment of intrabony deffects (1990) Biomaterials, 11, pp. 565-567; 
De Taillac, L.B., Fricain, J.C., Barthe, N., Brouillaud, B., Labrugere, C., Bareille, R., Validation du concept de materiaux hybrids a base de cellulose macroporeuse - Application a l{\textquoteright}odontologie (2004) Les Cahiers de l{\textquoteright}Adf, 1617, pp. 18-25; 
De Taillac, L.B., (2004), Ph.D. Thesis. University of Bordeaux 1. DecemberMartson, M., Viljanto, J., Hurme, T., Saukko, P., Biocompatibility of cellulose sponge with bone (1998) Eur. Surg. Res., 30, pp. 426-432; 
Martson, M., Viljanto, J., Hurme, T., Laippala, P., Saukko, P., Is cellulose sponge degradable or stable as implantation materials? An in vivo subcutaneous study in the rat (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 1899-1995; 
Pajulo, O., Viljanto, J., Lonnberg, B., Hurme, T., Lonnqvist, K., Saukko, P., Viscose cellulose sponge as an implantable matrix: Changes in the structure increase the production of granulation tissue (1996) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 32, pp. 439-446; 
De Taillac, L.B., Porte, M.C., Bareille, R., Amedee, J., Labrugere, C., Fortin, F., (2002) Development of a New Generation of Bone Substitute - Covalenet Immobilization of the Active Peptides onto Cellulose, , Society for Biomaterials Conference Florida, USA; 
De Taillac, L.B., Labrugere, C., Amedee, J., Bareille, R., Fricain, J.C., Fortin, F., (2002) Human Osteoblasts Interaction with Adhesion Peptides Grafted onto Cellulose, , 17th European Conference on Biomaterials Barcelona, Spain; 
De Taillac, L.B., Porte-Durrieu, M.C., Labrugere, C., Bareille, R., Aḿd́e, J., Baquey, C., Grafting of RGD peptides to cellulose to enhance human osteoprogenitor cells adhesion and proliferation (2004) Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, pp. 775-915; 
Gombotz, W.R., Wee, S.F., Protein release from alginate matrices (1998) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 31, pp. 267-285; 
Smidsrod, O., Draget, K.I., Chemistry and physical properties of alginates (1996) Carbohydr. Eur., 14, pp. 6-13; 
Eiselt, P., Yeh, J., Latvala, R.K., Shea, L.D., Mooney, D.J., Porous carriers for biomedical applications based on alginate hydrogels (2000) Biomaterials, 21, pp. 1921-1927; 
Alsberg, V., Anderson, K., Albeiruti, A., Franceshi, R.T., Mooney, D.J., Cell interactive alginate hydrogels for bone tissue engineering (2001) J. Dent. Res., 80, pp. 2025-2029; 
Barrias, C.C., Granja, P.L., Meriem, L., S{\'a} Miranda, M.C., Barbosa, M.A., Biological evaluation of calcium alginate microspheres as a vehicle for the localised delivery of a therapeutic enzyme (2005) J. Biomed. Mater Res.; 
Rowley, J.A., Madlambayan, G., Mooney, D.J., Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 45-53; 
Dalby, M.J., Di Silvio, L., Harper, E.J., Bonfield, W., Increasing hydroxyapatite incorporation into poly(methylmethacrylate) cement increases osteoblast adhesion and response (2002) Biomaterials, 23, pp. 569-576; 
Ribeiro, C.C., Barrias, C.C., Barbosa, M.A., Calcium phosphate-alginate microspheres as enzyme delivery matrices (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 4363-4373; 
Barrias, C.C., Ribeiro, C.C., S{\'a} Miranda, M.C., Barbosa, M.A., Effect of calcium phosphate addition to alginate microspheres: Modulation of enzyme release kinetics and improvement of osteoblastic cell adhesion (2005) Key Eng. Mater., 284-286, pp. 689-692; 
Khor, E., (2001) Chitin: Fulfilling a Biomaterials Promise. 1st Ed, , Elsevier Oxford, UK; 
Vandevord, P.J., Matthew, H.W.T., Desilva, S.P., Mayton, L., Wu, B., Wooley, P.H., Evaluation of the biocompatibility of a chitosan scaffold in mice (2002) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 59, pp. 585-590; 
Roberts, G.A.F., (1992) Chitin Chemistry, , The Macmillan Press Houndmills; 
Domard, A., Chitosan interactions Advances in Chitin Science, pp. 410-420. , Domard A, Roberts GAF, Varum KM, editors. Lyon, France: Jacques Andr{\'e} Publisher (1007); 
Tomihata, K., Ikada, Y., In vitro and in vivo degradation of films of chitin and its deacetylated derivatives (1997) Biomaterials, 18, pp. 567-575; 
Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Human enzymatic activities related to the therapeutic administration of chitin derivatives (1997) Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 53, pp. 131-140; 
Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Muzzarelli, C., Natural and artificial chitosan-inorganic composites, a mini-review (2002) Chitosan in Pharmacy and Chemistry: Atec Edizioni, pp. 233-244. , R.A.A. Muzzarelli C. Muzzarelli; 
Lee, J.Y., Nam, S.H., Im, S.Y., Park, Y.J., Lee, Y.M., Seol, Y.J., Chung, C.P., Lee, S.J., Enhanced bone formation by controlled growth factor delivery from chitosan-based biomaterials (2002) J. Control. Release, 78, pp. 187-197; 
Madihally, S.V., Matthew, H.W.T., Porous chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 1133-1142; 
Nettles, D.L., Elder, S.H., Gilbert, J.A., Potential use of chitosan as a cell scaffold material for cartilage tissue engineering (2002) Tissue Eng., 8, pp. 1009-1016; 
Lahiji, A., Sohrabi, A., Hungerford, D.S., Frondoza, C.G., Chitosan supports the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in human osteoblasts and chondrocytes (2000) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 51, pp. 586-595; 
Zhao, F., Yin, Y.J., Lu, W.W., Leong, J.C., Zhang, W.J., Zhang, J.Y., Preparation and histological evaluation of biomimetic three-dimensional hydroxyapatite/chitosan-gelatin network composite scaffolds (2002) Biomaterials, 23, pp. 3227-3234; 
Chatelet, C., Damour, O., Domard, A., Influence of the degree of acetylation on some biological properties of chitosan films (2001) Biomaterials, 22, pp. 261-268; 
Dhiman, H.K., Ray, A.R., Panda, A.K., Characterization and evaluation of chitosan matrix for in vitro growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 5147-5154; 
Prasitsilp, M., Jenwithisuk, R., Kongsuwan, K., Damrongchai, N., Watts, P., Cellular responses to chitosan in vitro: The importance of deacetylation (2000) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 11, pp. 773-778; 
Amaral, I.F., Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., In vitro mineralisation of chitosan membranes carrying phosphate functionalities (2004) Key Eng. Mater., 254-256, pp. 577-580
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {212 - 217},
	abstract = {This review is concerned with the use of polysaccharides for bone regeneration. Cellulose, alginate and chitosan have been chosen as examples of the formidable potential of this class of materials. Many others could be cited but our experience and research interests dictated the choice. As in many areas of research we know how they started but we cannot see how and if they will end. Modification of cellulose was our entrance to the world of polysaccharides and a lot of what we know we owe to Charles Baquey, to whom we would like to express our immense gratitude. This chapter is dedicated to him, for his cooperation, unlimited enthusiasm and friendship. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Alginate, alginic acid, Amino Acid Sequence, arginylglycylaspartic acid, biomaterial, biotechnology, bone cell, bone prosthesis, Bone Regeneration, Cellulose, chitosan, enzyme degradation, polysaccharide, Polysaccharides, review, Tissue engineering},
	isbn = {12979562 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20744434609\&partnerID=40\&md5=43d83907f18b3e44035dfe14ff13a24f},
	author = {Barbosa, M.A. and Granja, P.L. and Barrias, C.C. and Amaral, I.F.}
}
@article {2533,
	title = {Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. In vivo biocompatibility studies},
	journal = {BiomaterialsBiomaterials},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 45Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: BIMADdoi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00152-1PubMed ID: 11791931Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Granja, P.L.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, INEB-Inst. de Engenliaria Biomedica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823-4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: pgranja@ibmc.up.ptChemicals/CAS: Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Radioisotopes; Calcium, 7440-70-2; Cellulose, 9004-34-6; phosphocellulose, 9015-14-9References: Jochanan, H., Boss, M.D., Osseointegration (1999) J Long-Term Eff Med Impl, 9, pp. 1-10;Albrektsson, T., Hard tissue response (1998) Handbook of biomaterial properties, pp. 500-512. , Black J, Hastings G, editors. London, UK: Chapman \& Hall; 
Hench, L.L., Bioactive materials: The potential for tissue regeneration (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 41, pp. 511-517; 
Yaszemski, M.J., Payne, R.G., Hayes, W.C., Langer, R., Mikos, A.G., Evolution of bone transplantation: Molecular, cellular and tissue strategies to engineer human bone (1996) Biomaterials, 17, pp. 175-185; 
Hollinger, J., McAllister, B., Bone and its repair (1995) Bioceramics, 8, pp. 3-9. , Wilson J, Hench LL, Greenspon D, editors. FL, USA: Pergamon Press; 
Friedman, R.J., Black, J., Galante, J.O., Jacobs, J.J., Skinner, H.B., Current concepts in orthopaedic biomaterials and implant fixation (1993) J Bone Jt Surg, 75 A, pp. 1086-1109; 
Bakker, D., Grote, J.J., Vrouenraets, C.M.F., Hesseling, S.C., De Wijn, J.R., Van Blitterswijk, C.A., Bone-bonding polymer (polyactive{\texttrademark}) (1990) Clinical implant materials, Advances in Biomaterials Series, 9, pp. 99-104. , Heimke G, Solt{\'e}sz U, Lee AJC, editors. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 
LeGeros, R.Z., Calcium phosphate materials in restorative dentistry: A review (1988) Adv Dent Res, 2, pp. 164-183; 
Hastings, G.W., Mahmud, F.A., Intelligent orthopaedic materials (1993) J Intell Mat Syst Str, 4, pp. 452-456; 
Black, J., (1988) Orthopaedic biomaterials in research and practice, , New York, USA: Churchill Livingstone; 
Li, P., Ye, X., Kangasniemi, I., De Blieck-Hogervorst, J.M.A., Klein, C.P.A.T., De Groot, K., In vivo calcium phosphate formation induced by sol-gel-prepared silica (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 325-328; 
Tanahashi, M., Yao, T., Kokubo, T., Minoda, M., Miyamoto, T., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., Apatite coated on organic polymers by biomimetic process: Improvement in its adhesion to substrate by glow-discharge treatment (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 349-357; 
Li, P., Ohtsuki, T., Kokubo, T., Nakanishi, K., Soga, N., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., Process of formation of bone-like apatite layer on silica gel (1993) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 4, pp. 127-131; 
Radin, S.R., Ducheyne, P., The effect of calcium phosphate ceramic composition and structure on in vitro behavior. II. Precipitation (1993) J Biomed Mater Res, 27, pp. 35-45; 
Puleo, D.A., Nanci, A., Understanding and controlling the bone-implant interface (1999) Biomaterials, 20, pp. 2311-2321; 
McFarland, C.D., Mayer, S., Scotchford, C., Dalton, B.A., Steele, J.G., Downes, S., Attachment of cultured human bone cells to novel polymers (1999) J Biomed Mater Res, 44, pp. 1-11; 
Dalton, B.A., McFarland, C.D., Gengenbach, T.R., Griesser, H.J., Steele, J.G., Polymer surface chemistry and bone cell migration (1998) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 9, pp. 781-799; 
Scotchford, C.A., Cooper, E., Leggett, G.J., Downes, S., Growth of human osteoblast-like cells on alkenethiol on gold self-assembled monolayers: The effect of surface chemistry (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 41, pp. 431-442; 
Adams, A.M., Soames, J.V., Searle, R.F., Ultrastructural changes in cultured human periodontal ligaments cells exposed to dental materials (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 29, pp. 999-1004; 
Lamba, N.M.K., Baumgartner, J.A., Cooper, S.L., Cell-synthetic surface interactions (1998) Frontiers in tissue engineering, pp. 121-137. , Patrick CW, Mikos AG, McIntire LV, editors. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 
Dalton, B.A., McFarland, C.D., Gengenbach, T.R., Griesser, H.J., Steele, J.G., Polymer surface chemistry and bone cell migration (1998) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 9, pp. 781-799; 
Healy, K.E., Thomas, C.H., Rezania, A., Kim, J.E., McKeown, P.J., Lom, B., Hockberger, P.E., Kinetics of bone cell organization and mineralization on materials with patterned surface chemistry (1996) Biomaterials, 17, pp. 195-208; 
Kasemo, B., Lausmaa, J., Material-tissue interfaces: The role of surface properties and processes (1995) Environ Health Perspect, 102, pp. 41-45; 
Von Recum, A.F., Van Kooten, T.G., The influence of micro-topography on cellular response and the implications for silicone implants (1995) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 7, pp. 181-198; 
Vogler, E.A., (1993) Interfacial chemistry in biomaterials science, Surfactant Science Series, vol. 49 (Wettability), 49, pp. 183-250. , Berg JC, editor. New York, USA: Marcel Dekker; 
Horbett, T.A., Weathersby, P.K., Adsorption of proteins from plasma to a series of hydrophilic-hydrophobic copolymers. I. Analysis with the in situ radionation technique (1981) J Biomed Mater Res, 15, pp. 403-423; 
Martson, M., Viljanto, J., Hurme, T., Saukko, P., Biocompatibility of cellulose sponge with bone (1998) Eur Surg Res, 30, pp. 426-432; 
Gross, U., Muller-Mai, C., Voigt, C., The tissue response on cellulose cylinders after implantation in the distal femur of rabbits (1992) Fourth World Biomaterials Congress, p. 192. , Berlin, Germany, April; 
Chauveaux, D., Barbie, C., Barthe, X., Baquey, C., Poustis, J., Biological behaviour of cellulosic materials after bone implantation: Preliminary results (1990) Clin Mater, 5, pp. 251-258; 
Ikada, Y., Biomedical applications of cellulose membranes (1989) Cellulose: structural and functional aspects, pp. 447-455. , Kennedy JF, Phillips GO, Williams PA, editors. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood; 
Miyamoto, T., Takahashi, S., Ito, H., Inagaki, H., Noishiki, Y., Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives (1989) J Biomed Mater Res, 23, pp. 125-133; 
Franz, G., Polysaccharides in pharmacy (1986) Adv Polym Sci, 76, pp. 1-30; 
Philipp, B., Bock, W., Schierbaum, F., Application of polysaccharides and their derivatives as supporting materials and auxiliary substances in medicine and nutrition (1979) J Polym Sci Polym Symp, 66, pp. 83-100; 
Galgut, P.N., Oxidized cellulose mesh. I. Biodegradable membrane in periodontal surgery (1990) Biomaterials, 11, pp. 561-564; 
Skoog, T., The use of periosteum and surgicel{\textregistered} for bone restoration in congenital clefts of the maxilla (1967) Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg, 1, pp. 113-130; 
Degenshein, G.A., Hurwitz, A., Ribacoff, S., Experience with regenerated oxidized cellulose (1963) NY State J Med, 63, pp. 2639-2643; 
Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., Mechanical properties of cellulose in orthopaedic devices and related environments (1994) Clin Mater, 16, pp. 119-124; 
Baquey, C., Barbi{\'e}, C., More, N., Rouais, F., Poustis, J., Chauveaux, D., In vivo study of the biostability of a cellulose material (1992) Fourth World Biomaterials Congress, p. 365. , Berlin, Germany, April; 
Brie, J., Lafage, M.H., Chauveaux, D., Gueroult, J.M., Poustis, J., Baquey, C., La cellulose macroporeuse: Un mat{\'e}riau potentiellement utilisable pour le comblement osseux. Biomat{\'e}riaux et organes artificiels (1992) Proceedings of the BIOMAT 92 Congress, , Bordeaux, France, November; 
Pommier, J.C., Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., Biocompatible, hydrophilic material. Method of manufacture and uses of same, , Fr Pat No. 8610331, 1986; Eur Pat No. 0256906 A1, 1987; US Pat No. 4904258, 1990; 
Barbi{\'e}, C., Chauveaux, D., Baquey, C., Poustis, J., Pommier, J.C., Morlier, R., Ducassou, D., {\'E}valuation des propriet{\'e}s mecaniques de mat{\'e}riaux cellulosiques et perspectives d{\textquoteright}application originales de ces mat{\'e}riaux en chirurgie orthop{\'e}dique (1987) Calcif Tiss Biomaterials, Proceedings of the BIOMAT 87 Congress, pp. 319-325. , Bordeaux, France, December; 
Li, S., Liu, Q., De Wijn, J., Wolke, J., Zhou, B., De Groot, K., In-vitro apatite formation on phosphorylated bamboo (1997) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 8, pp. 543-549; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Toryiama, M., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, F., Nishizawa, K., Growth of calcium phosphate on surface-modified cotton (1995) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 6, pp. 597-605; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, F., Nishizawa, K., Further studies of calcium phosphate growth on phosphorylated cotton fibres (1995) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 6, pp. 658-669; 
Granja, P.L., Baquey, C., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., Bareille, R., De J{\'e}so, B., Barbosa, M.A., (1996) Cellulose-based biomaterials for bone regeneration: Hemi-synthesis and characterisation. Polymers in Medicine and Surgery - PIMS{\textquoteright}96, pp. 73-80. , Glasgow, UK; 
Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}so, B., Baquey, C., Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials (1999) Frontiers in biomedical polymers applications 2, pp. 195-225. , Lancaster, PA, USA: Technomic Press; 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}so, B., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. Mineralization of chemically modified regenerated cellulose hydrogels (2001) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, , submitted for publication; 
Granja, P.L., De J{\'e}so, B., Bareille, R., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. In vitro biocompatibility studies, , submitted for publication; 
(1994) {\'E}valuation biologique des dispositifs m{\'e}dicaux. Partie 6: Essais concernant les effets locaux apr{\`e}s implantation; 
Wolf, E., Roser, K., Hahn, M., Wezkerling, H., Delling, G.G., Enzyme and immunohistochemistry on undecalcified bone and bone marrow biopsy after embedding in plastic: A new embedding method for routine application (1992) Virchow Archiv Pathol Anat Histopathol, 420, pp. 17-24; 
Van der Lubbe, H.B.M., Patchin, C., De Groot, K., A simple method for preparing thin (10 μm) histological sections of undecalcified plastic embedded bone with implant (1988) Saint Technol, 63, pp. 171-176; 
Daculsi, G., LeGeros, R.Z., Nery, E., Lynch, K., Transformation of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics in vivo (1989) J Biomed Mater Res, 23, pp. 883-894; 
Charpak, G., Dominik, W., Zaganidis, N., Optical imaging of the spatial distribution of b-particles emerging from surfaces (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 86, pp. 1741-1745; 
Charpak, G., Dominik, W., Fabre, J.P., Gaudaen, J., Sauli, F., Suzuki, M., Studies of light emission by continuously sensitive avalanche chambers (1988) Nucl Instrum Methods A, 269, pp. 142-148; 
Charpak, G., Dominik, W., Fabre, J.P., Santiard, J.C., Sauli, F., Solomey, N., Gaseous detectors with parallel electrodes and anode mesh planes (1979) Nucl Instrum Meth, 161, pp. 19-34; 
Daculsi, G., Passutti, N., Effect of the macroporosity for the osseous substitution of calcium phosphate ceramics (1990) Biomaterials, 11, pp. 86-87; 
Le Huec, J.C., Cl{\'e}ment, D., Brouillaud, B., Barthe, N., Dupuy, B., Foliguet, B., Basse-Cathalinat, B., Evolution of the local calcium content around irradiated β-tricalcium phosphate ceramic implants: In vivo study in the rabbit (1998) Biomaterials, 19, pp. 733-738; 
Bloebaum, D., Bachus, K., Momberger, N., Hofmann, A., Mineral apposition rates of human cancellous bone at the interface of porous coated implants (1994) J Biomed Mater Res, 28, pp. 537-544; 
Gross, U.M., Hard tissue histology (1999) Handbook of biomaterials evaluation: scientific, technical and clinical testing of implant materials. 2nd Ed., pp. 689-719. , von Recum AF, editor. MI, USA: Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor Science; 
Sakkers, R.J.B., Dalmeyer, R.A.J., De Wijn, J.R., Van Blitterswijk, C.A., Use of bone-bonding hydrogel copolymers in bone: An in vitro and in vivo study of expanding PEO-PBT copolymers in goat femora (2000) J Biomed Mater Res, 49, pp. 312-318; 
Elliot, J.C., (1994) Structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates, Studies in Inorganic Chemistry Series, 18. , Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 
Aoki, H., (1994) Medical applications of hydroxyapatite, , Tokyo, Japan: Ishiyaku EuroAmerica; 
Goodman, S., Aspenberg, P., Effects of mechanical stimulation on the differentiation of hard tissues (1993) Biomaterials, 14, pp. 563-569; 
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., Wagenknecht, W., (1998) Comprehensive cellulose chemistry, vol. 2, functionalization of cellulose, 2, pp. 133-140. , Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag. Chapter 4; 
Touey, G.P., Kingsport, T., Preparation of cellulose phosphates, , US Pat No. 2759924, 1956; 
Hayashi, T., Biodegradable polymers for biomedical uses (1994) Prog Polym Sci, 19, pp. 663-702; 
Fricain, J.C., Baquey, C., Dupuy, B., Resorption of corals implanted in diffusion chambers (1995) J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 6, pp. 680-684
},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {971 - 980},
	abstract = {Femoral implantation of regenerated cellulose hydrogels revealed their biocompatibility, but a complete osseointegration could not be observed. Phosphorylation was therefore envisaged as the means to enhance cellulose bioactivity. In vitro studies showed that regenerated cellulose hydrogels promote bone cells attachment and proliferation but do not mineralize in acellular simulated physiological conditions. On the contrary, phosphorylated cellulose has shown an opposite behavior, by inducing the formation of a calcium phosphate layer in simulated physiological conditions, but behaving as a poor substrate for bone cells attachment and proliferation. In order to investigate the in vivo behavior of these materials, and assess the influence of mineralization induction ability vs. bone cells compatibility, unmodified and phosphorylated cellulose hydrogels were implanted in rabbits for a maximum period of 6 months and bone regeneration was investigated. Despite the difficulties arising from the retraction of cellulose hydrogels upon dehydration during the preparation of retrieved implants, histological observations showed no inflammatory response after implantation, with bone intra-spongious regeneration of cells and the integration of the unmodified as well as the phosphorylated cellulose implants. After a maximum implantation period of 6 months, histological observations, histomorphometry and the measurement of the amount of                        45Ca incorporated in the surrounding tissue indicated a slightly better osseointegration of phosphorylated cellulose, although no significant differences between the two materials were found. {\textcopyright} 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
},
	keywords = {animal experiment, Animal implantation, animal tissue, Animalia, Animals, article, Biocompatibility, Biocompatible Materials, biomaterial, Biomaterials, Bone, bone cell, bone mineralization, Bone Regeneration, Calcium, calcium 45, Calcium Compounds, calcium phosphate, Calcium Radioisotopes, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, Cells, Cellulose, Cellulose phosphate, Chemical modification, controlled study, Dehydration, histology, hydrogel, Hydrogels, implant, in vivo study, Inflammation, materials testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, morphometrics, nonhuman, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Osseointegration, Phosphates, Phosphorylation, priority journal, Prostheses and Implants, rabbit, Rabbits, Regenerated cellulose hydrogels},
	isbn = {01429612 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037082737\&partnerID=40\&md5=faae93af84ab2762579f90bd2d64eefa},
	author = {Fricain, J.C. and Granja, P.L. and Barbosa, M.A. and De J{\'e}so, B. and Barthe, N. and Baquey, C.}
}
@article {2536,
	title = {Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. I. Synthesis and characterization of highly phosphorylated cellulose gels},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 27Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JAPNAdoi: 10.1002/app.2193Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Granja, P.L.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: pgranja@ibmc.up.ptReferences: Dumitriu, S., (1996) Polysaccharides in Medical Applications, , Marcel Dekker: New York;Franz, G., (1986) Adv Polym Sci, 76, p. 1; 
Ikada, Y., (1989) Cellulose: Structural and Functional Aspects, p. 447. , Kennedy J. F.; Phillips, G. O.; Williams, P. A., Eds.; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK, Chapter 59; 
Galleti, P.M., Colton, C.K., Lysaght, M.J., (1995) The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, p. 1898. , Bronzino, J. D., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, Chapter 126; 
Hon, D.N.-S., (1996) Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, p. 87. , Dumitriu, S., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, Chapter 4; 
Doelker, E., (1993) Adv Polym Sci, 107, p. 199; 
Miyamoto, T., Takahashi, S., Ito, H., Inagaki, H., Noishiki, Y., (1989) J Biomed Mater Res, 23, p. 125; 
Okajima, K., (1989) Cellulose: Structural and Functional Aspects, p. 439. , Kennedy, J. F.; Phillips, G. O.; Williams, P. A., Eds.; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK ; Chapter 58; 
Ahlgren, P., (1995) Nord Pulp Paper Res J, 1, p. 12; 
Dimemmo, L.M., Falkiewicz, M.J., (1985) Cellulose and Its Derivatives: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications, p. 511. , Kennedy, J. F.; Phillips, G. O.; Wedlock, D. J.; Williams, P. A., Eds.; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK, Chapter 47; 
Ross-Murphy, S.B., (1985) Cellulose Chemistry and Its Applications, p. 202. , Nevell, T. P.; Zeronian, S. H., Eds.; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK, Chapter 8; 
Steege, H., Philipp, B., Engst, R., Magister, G., Lewerenz, H.J., Bleyl, D., (1978) Tappi, 61, p. 101; 
Battista, O.A., (1971) Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives (Part V), 5, p. 1265. , Bikales, N. M.; Segal, L., Eds.; High Polymers series, Wiley-Interscience: New York, Chapter 19; 
Matthew, I.R., Browne, R.M., Frame, J.W., Millar, B.G., (1995) Biomaterials, 16, p. 275; 
Finn, M.D., Schow, S.R., Schneiderman, E.D., (1992) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 50, p. 608; 
Galgut, P.N., (1990) Biomaterials, 11, p. 561; 
Martson, M., Viljanto, J., Hurme, T., Laippala, P., Saukko, P., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 1899; 
Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., (1994) Clin Mater, 16, p. 119; 
Gross, U., M{\"u}ller-Mai, C., Voigt, C., The tissue response on cellulose cylinders after implantation in the distal femur of rabbits (1992) Proceedings of the 4th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 192. , Berlin, Germany, April; 
Baquey, C., Barbi{\'e}, C., More, N., Rouais, F., Poustis, J., Chauveaux, D., (1992) Proceedings of the 4th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 365. , In vivo study of the biostability of a cellulose material, Berlin, Germany, April; 
Chauveaux, D., Barbi{\'e}, C., Barthe, X., Baquey, C., (1990) Poustis, J Clin Mater, 5, p. 251; 
Pommier, J.C., Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D.Fr., Demande 8610331, 1986; Eur. Pat. 0256906 Al, 1987; U.S. Pat. 4,904,258, 1990Mizusawa, Y., Burke, J.R., (1996) J Pediatr Child Health, 32, p. 350; 
Parfitt, A.M., (1975) Clin Sci Mol Med, 49, p. 83; 
Pak, C.Y.C., Delea, C.S., Bartter, F.C., (1974) N Engl J Med, 290, p. 175; 
Dowd, V., Yon, R.J., (1992) J Chromatogr, 627, p. 145; 
Ermolenko, I.N., Lyubliner, I.P., Borodin, I.F., Orlyanskaya, V.F., Gavrilova, A.A., (1984) USSR Otkrytiya Izobret, p. 17; 
Sugihara, J., Imamura, T., Yanase, T., (1982) J Chromatogr, 229, p. 193; 
Longin, M.L., Buglov, E.D., Ermolenko, I.N., (1975) Vestsi Akad Navuk B SSR Ser Khim Navuk, p. 82; 
Shih, T.Y., Martin, M.A., (1974) Biochemistry, 13, p. 3411; 
Antonova, E.V., Mikhnovich, E.P., Shulutko, L.S., (1972) Probl Gematol Pereliv Krovi, 17, p. 25; 
Ermolenko, I.N., Lyubliner, I.P., (1971) Khim Teknhol Proizvod Tsellyul, p. 337; 
Holmquist, W.R., Schroeder, W.A., (1967) J Chromatogr, 26, p. 465; 
Kotake, Y., Ida, K., Kondo, S., Jpn. Pat. 10947(56), 1958Yokogawa, Y., Paz Reyes, J., Mucalo, M.R., Toriyama, M., Kawamoto, Y., Suzuki, T., Nishizawa, K., Kamayama, T., (1997) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 8, p. 407; 
Kato, E., Eika, Y., Ikada, Y., (1996) J Biomed Mater Res, 32, p. 687; 
Tretinnikov, O.N., Kato, K., Ikada, Y., (1994) J Biomed Mater Res, 28, p. 1365; 
Dalas, E., Kallistis, J., Koutsoukos, P.G., (1991) Langmuir, 7, p. 1822; 
Li, S., Liu, Q., De Wijn, J., Wolke, J., Zhou, B., De Groot, K., (1997) J Mater Sci Mater Mod, 8, p. 543; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Toriyama, M., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, F., Nishizawa, K., (1995) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 6, p. 597; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, F., Nishizawa, K., (1995) J Mater Sci Mater Mod, 6, p. 658; 
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., Wagenknecht, W., (1998) Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry: Functionalization of Cellulose, 2, p. 133. , Wiley-VCH Verlag: Weinheim, Germany, Chapter 4; 
Ishizu, A., (1991) Wood and Cellulose Chemistry, p. 757. , Hon, D. N.-S.; Shiraishi, N., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, Chapter 16; 
Woodsworth, L.C., Daponte, D., (1985) Cellulose Chemistry and Applications, p. 344. , Nevell T. P.; Zeronian, S. H., Eds.; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK, Chapter 14; 
Reid, J.D., Mazzeno L.W., Jr., (1949) Ind Eng Chem, 41, p. 2828; 
Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}so, B., Baquey, C., (1999) Frontiers in Biomedical Polymers Applications, 2, p. 195. , Ottenbrite, R., Ed.; Technomic Press: Lancaster, PA; 
Granja, P.L., Baquey, C., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., Bareille, R., De J{\'e}so, B., Barbosa, M.A., (1996) Polymers in Medicine and Surgery (PIMS{\textquoteright}96), p. 73. , Glasgow, UK; 
Touey, G.P., Kingsport, T., U.S. Pat. 2,759,924, 1956Inoue, H., Baba, Y., Tsuhako, M., (1995) Chem Pharm Bull, 43, p. 677; 
Quin, L.D., Jankowski, S., WO 1994, 94/02226Wagenknecht, W., Nehls, I., Philipp, B., Schnabelrauch, M., Klemm, D., Hartmann, M., (1991) Acta Polym, 42, p. 554; 
Slotin, L.A., (1977) Synthesis, p. 737. , November; 
Inagaki, N., Nakamura, S., Asai, H., Katsuura, K., (1976) J Appl Polym Sci, 20, p. 2829; 
Vigo, T.L., Welch, C.M., (1974) Carbohydr Res, 32, p. 331; 
Towle, G.A., Whistler, R.L., (1972) Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry, 6, p. 408. , Whistler, R. L., Ed.; Academic Press: New York ; Chapter 75; 
Katsuura, K., Nonaka, S., (1957) Sen-i-Gakkaishi, 13, p. 24; 
Nuessle, A.C., Ford, F.M., Hall, W.P., Lippert, A.L., (1956) Text Res J, 26, p. 32; 
Bertran, M.S., Dale, B.E., (1986) J Appl Polym Sci, 32, p. 4241; 
Reid, J.D., Mazzeno L.W., Jr., (1949) Ind Eng Chem, 41, p. 2831; 
(1982) Essais des eaux: Dosage des orthophosphates, des polyphosphates et du phosphore total (M{\'e}thode spectrom{\'e}trique), , AFNOR: Saint-Denis La Plaine, NF T 90-023; 
Segal, L., Creely, J.J., Martin A.E., Jr., Conrad, C.M., (1959) Text Res J, 29, p. 786; 
Nelson, M.L., O{\textquoteright}Connor, R.T., (1964) J Appl Polym Sci, 8, p. 1325; 
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., Wagenknecht, W., (1998) Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry: Fundamentals and Analytical Methods, 1, p. 9. , Wiley-VCH Verlag: Weinheim, Germany, Chapter 2; 
Zeronian, S.H., (1985) Cellulose Chemistry and Its Applications, p. 159. , Novell, T. P.; Zeronian, S. H., Eds.; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK, Chapter 6; 
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., Wagenknecht, W., (1998) Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry: Fundamentals and Analytical Methods, 1, p. 181. , Wiley-VCH Verlag: Weinheim, Germany, Chapter 3; 
Nyquist, R.A., Craver, C.D., (1977) The Coblentz Society Desk Book of Infrared Spectra, p. 399. , Craver C. D., Ed.; The Coblentz Society: French Village, MO; 
Nakamoto, K., (1977) Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, 3rd ed., , Wiley-Interscience: New York; 
Kuptsov, A.H., Zhizhin, G.N., (1998) Handbook of fourier transform raman and infrared spectra of polymers, Physical Series Data, 45. , Elsevier: Amsterdam; 
Blackwell, J., (1977) ACS Symp Ser, 48, p. 206; 
Matthews, I.P., Gibson, C., Samuel, A.H., (1994) Clin Mater, 15, p. 191; 
Chamberlain, V.C., Lambert, B., Tang, F.-W., (1999) Handbook of Biomaterials Evaluation: Scientific, Technical, and Clinical Testing of Implant Materials, p. 253. , von Recum, A. F., Ed.; Taylor \& Francis: Philadelphia Chapter 15; 
Ahmed, A.U., Rapson, W.H., (1972) J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem, 10, p. 1945; 
Phillips, G.O., Arthur J.C., Jr., (1985) Cellulose Chemistry and Its Applications, p. 290. , Novell, T. P.; Zeronian, S. H., Eds.; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK, Chapter 12; 
Larsson, P.T., Wickholm, K., Iversen, T., (1997) Carbohydr Res, 302, p. 19; 
Lai, Y.-Z., (1996) Chemical Modification of Lignocellulosic Materials, p. 35. , Hon, D. N.-S., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, Chapter 3; 
Schultz, T.P., McGinnis, G.D., Bertran, M.S., (1985) J Wood Chem Technol, 5, p. 543; 
Roberts, G.A.F., (1992) Paper Chemistry, p. 9. , Roberts, J. C., Ed.; Blackie Academic \& Professional: Glasgow/London, Chapter 2; 
El-Saied, H., Hanna, A.A., Ibrahem, A.A., (1985) Indian Pulp Paper, 7-10, p. 24; 
Canet, D., (1996) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Concepts and Methods, , Wiley: Chichester, UK; 
Wu, Y., Glimcher, M.J., Rey, C., Ackerman, J.L., (1994) J Mol Biol, 244, p. 423; 
Sabesan, S., Neira, S., (1992) Carbohydr Res, 223, p. 169; 
Nehls, I., Loth, F., (1991) Acta Polym, 42, p. 233; 
Nehls, I., Wagenknecht, W., Philipp, B., Stscherbina, D., (1994) Prog Polym Sci, 19, p. 29; 
Buchanan, G.W., Preusser, S.H., Webb, V.L., (1984) Can J Chem, 62, p. 1308; 
Christofides, J.C., Davies, D.B., (1983) J Am Chem Soc, 105, p. 5099; 
Beierbeck, H., Saunders, J.K., (1976) Can J Chem, 54, p. 2985; 
Powlowski, W.P., (1987) J Macromol Sci Chem, 25, p. 3355; 
Lowman, D.W., (1998) Cellulose Derivatives: Modification, Characterization, and Nanostructures, p. 131. , Heinze, T. J.; Glasser, W. G., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 688; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, Chapter 10; 
Nehls, I., Wagenknecht, W., Philipp, B., (1995) Cellul Chem Technol, 29, p. 243; 
Nehls, I., Philipp, B., Wagenknecht, W., (1995) Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives: Physico-Chemical Aspects and Industrial Applications, p. 153. , Kennedy, J. F.; Phillips, G. O.; Williams, P. A., Eds.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK, Chapter 20; 
Hoshino, M., Takai, M., Fukuda, K., Imura, K., Hayashi, J., (1989) J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem, 27, p. 2083; 
Takahashi, S.I., Fujimoto, T., Barua, B.M., Miyamoto, T., Inagaki, H., (1986) J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem, 24, p. 2981; 
Miyamoto, T., Sato, Y., Shibata, T., Inagaki, H., Tanahashi, M., (1984) J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem, 22, p. 2363; 
VanderHart, D.L., Hyatt, J.A., Atalla, R.H., Tirumalai, V.C., (1996) Macromolecules, 29, p. 730; 
Horii, F., Hirai, F., Kitamaru, R., (1992) Polym Bull, 8, p. 163; 
Atalla, R.H., VanderHart, D.L., (1984) Science, 223, p. 283; 
Ganapathy, S., Badiger, M.V., Rajamohanan, P.R., Mashelkar, R.A., (1992) Macromolecules, 25, p. 4255; 
Horii, F., (1989) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Agriculture, p. 311. , Pfeffer, P. E.; Gerasimovicz, W. V., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL; 
Horii, F., Hirai, A., Kitamaru, R., (1986) Macromolecules, 19, p. 930; 
Okada, K., Yokogawa, Y., Kameyama, T., Kato, K., Kawamoto, Y., Nishizawa, K., Nagata, F., Okuyama, M., (1997) Bioceramics, 10, p. 329. , Sedel, L.; Rey, C., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam; 
Yalpani, M., (1992) Carbohydr Polym, 19, p. 35; 
Nishi, N., Ebina, A., Nishimura, S., Tsutsumi, A., Hasegawa, O., Tokura, S., (1986) Int J Biol Macromol, 8, p. 311
},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {3341 - 3353},
	abstract = {The present study concerns the investigation of a material expected to be biocompatible and able to promote bone regeneration. For this purpose, cellulose was chemically modified by phosphorylation. Once implanted, phosphorylated cellulose could promote the formation of calcium phosphates, thus having closer resemblance to bone functionality. In a previous investigation, the obtention and the preliminary characterization of cellulose phosphate gels were reported. In the present study, the synthesis by the H                        3PO
                        4/P
                        2O
                        5/Et
                        3PO 
                        4/hexanol method was optimized in terms of reaction parameters. The structure of materials was investigated by FTIR, Raman, and solid-state 
                        31P- and 
                        13C-NMR spectroscopic studies, and X-ray diffraction. Water swelling and stability to sterilization by gamma-radiation were also assessed. It was demonstrated that the present method allows highly phosphorylated cellulose derivatives to be obtained. Cellulose triphosphates gels are described here for the first time. Products obtained were poorly crystallized monoesters, apparently not significantly affected by gamma sterilization and showed a high water swelling capability. Chemical bonding was confirmed by FTIR, Raman, and both 
                        31P- and 
                        13C-NMR spectroscopies. It was also shown that the H
                        3PO
                        4/P
                        2O
                        5/Et
                        3PO 
                        4/hexanol method provides a versatile and interesting alternative route to some of the more widely used techniques for the phosphorylation of cellulose. {\textcopyright} 2001 John Wiley \&amp; Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
},
	keywords = {13C-NMR, 2O, 3PO, 4/hexanol method, 4/P, 5/Et, Biomaterials, Cellulose derivatives, Cellulose gels, Cellulose triphosphates, Chemical bonds, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Gels, H, medical textile, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Phosphorylation, Raman scattering, Sterilizers, Synthesis (chemical), X ray diffraction analysis},
	isbn = {00218995 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035923986\&partnerID=40\&md5=7a58f84a4d86e26d35d7d90d44aecb63},
	author = {Granja, P.L. and Pouysgu, L. and Ptraud, M. and De Jso, B. and Baquey, C. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2537,
	title = {Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. II. Surface chemical modification of regenerated cellulose hydrogels},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 16Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JAPNAdoi: 10.1002/app.2194Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Granja, P.L.; Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomaterials, Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: pgranja@ibmc.up.ptReferences: Williams, D.F., (1995) Med Der Technol, 6, p. 6;Gebelein, C.G., (1990) Biomimetic Polymers, , Plenum Press: New York; 
Hoffman, A.S., (1996) Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, p. 124. , Ratner, B. D.; Hoffman, A. S.; Schoen, F. J.; Lemons, J. F., Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego, Chapter 2; 
Kasemo, B., Lausmaa, J., (1995) Environ Health Perspect, 102, p. 41; 
Ratner, B.D., (1980) J Biomed Mater Res, 14, p. 665; 
Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., (1994) Clin Mater, 16, p. 119; 
Gross, U., M{\"u}ller-Mai, C., Voigt, C., (1992) Proceedings of the 4th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 192. , The Tissue Response on Cellulose Cylinders After Implantation in the Distal Femur of Rabbits, Berlin, Germany, April; 
Baquey, C., Barbi{\'e}, C., More, N., Rouais, F., Poustis, J., Chauveaux, D., (1992) Proceedings of the 4th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 365. , In Vivo Study of the Bio-Stability of a Cellulose Material, Berlin, Germany, April; 
Chauveaux, D., Barbi{\'e}, C., Barthe, X., Baquey, C., Poustis, J., (1990) Clin Mater, 5, p. 251; 
Pommier, J.C., Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., Fr. Demande 8610331. 1986Eur. Pat. 0256906 A1, 1987U.S. Pat. 4,904,258, 1990Imbert, E., Letourneur, D., Jozefowicz, M., (1997) J Biomed Mater Res, 34, p. 417; 
Dowd, V., Yon, R.J., (1992) J Chromatogr, 627, p. 145; 
Kennedy, J.F., Cabral, J.M.S., (1983) Solid Phase Biochemistry: Analytical Synthetic Aspects, p. 253. , Scoutch, W. H., Ed. Wiley: New York, Chapter 7; 
Sugihara, J., Imamura, T., Yanase, T., (1982) J Chromatogr, 229, p. 193; 
Shih, T.Y., Martin, M.A., (1974) Biochemistry, 13, p. 3411; 
Holmquist, W.R., Schroeder, W.A., (1967) J Chromatogr, 26, p. 465; 
Thomaidis, T.S., Fidalgo, B.V., Harshman, S., Najjar, V.A., (1967) Biochemistry, 6, p. 3369; 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., P{\'e}traud, M., De J{\'e}so, B., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J Appl Polym Sci, 82, p. 3341; 
Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}so, B., Baquey, C., (1999) Frontiers in Biomedical Polymers Applications, 2, p. 195. , Ottenbrite, R., Ed. Technomic Press: Lancaster, PA; 
Granja, P.L., Baquey, C., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., Bareille, R., De J{\'e}so, B., Barbosa, M.A., (1996) Polymers in Medicine and Surgery, PIMS{\textquoteright}96, p. 73. , Glasgow, UK; 
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., Wagenknecht, W., (1998) Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry: Fundamentals and Analytical Methods, 1, p. 9. , Wiley-VCH Verlag: Weinheim, Germany, Chapter 2; 
Zeronian, S.H., (1985) Cellulose Chemistry and Its Applications, p. 159. , Nevell, T.P. Zeronian, S.H., Eds. Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK, Chapter 6; 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}so, B., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., J Appl Polym Sci, , to appear; 
Ratner, B.D., Castner, D., (1997) Surface Analysis: The Principal Techniques, p. 43. , Vickerman, J.C., Ed. Wiley: Chichester, UK, Chapter 3; 
Dupraz, A., Nguyen, T.-P., Richard, M., Daculsi, G., Passuti, N., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 663; 
Nguyen, T.-P., Dupraz, A., (1996) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 8, p. 141; 
Hanawa, T., Ota, M., (1991) Biomaterials, 12, p. 767; 
Morra, M., Volpe, C.D., (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 42, p. 473; 
Garbassi, F., Morra, M., Occhiello, E., (1994) Polymer Surfaces: From Physics to Technology, p. 161. , Wiley: New York, Chapter 4; 
Vogler, E.A., (1993) Surfactant Science Series 49 (Wettability), p. 183. , Marcel Dekker: New York; 
Good, R.J., (1992) J Adhes Sci Technol, 6, p. 1269; 
Good, R.J., (1979) Surface and Colloid Science, 11, p. 1. , Good, R.J. Stromberg, R.R., Eds. Plenum Press: New York; 
Von Recum, A.F., Brown, C.E., Shannon, C.E., LaBerge, M., (1999) Handbook of Biomaterials Evaluation: Scientific, Technical, and Clinical Testing of Implant Materials, 2nd ed., p. 227. , von Recum, A.F., Ed. Edwards Brothers: Ann Arbor, MI, Chapter 13; 
Boyan, B.D., Batzer, R., Kieswetter, K., Liu, Y., Cochran, D.L., Szmuckler-Moncler, S., Dean, D.D., Schwartz, Z., (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 39, p. 77; 
Richards, R.G., (1996) Injury, 27, pp. SC38; 
Brunette, D.M., (1988) Surface Characterization of Biomaterials, p. 203. , Ratner, B.D., Ed. Elsevier Science: Amsterdam; 
Kuptsov, A.H., Zhizhin, G.N., (1998) Handbook of Fourier Transform Raman and Infrared Spectra of Polymers, Physical Series Data, 45. , Elsevier: Amsterdam; 
Nyquist, R.A., Craver, C.D., (1977) The Coblentz Society Desk Book of Infrared Spectra, p. 399. , Craver, C.D., Ed. The Coblentz Society: French Village, MO; 
Nakamoto, K., (1977) Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, 3rd ed., , Wiley-Interscience: New York; 
Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., Wagenknecht, W., (1998) Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry: Fundamentals and Analytical Methods, 1, p. 181. , Wiley-VCH Verlag: Weinheim, Germany, Chapter 3; 
Matthews, I.P., Gibson, C., Samuel, A.H., (1994) Clin Mater, 15, p. 191; 
Chamberlain, V.C., Lambert, B., Tang, F.-W., (1999) Handbook of Biomaterials Evaluation: Scientific, Technical, and Clinical Testing of Implant Materials, p. 253. , von Recum, A.F., Ed. Taylor \& Francis: Philadelphia, Chapter 15; 
Phillips, G.O., Arthur J.C., Jr., (1985) Cellulose Chemistry and Its Applications, p. 290. , Nevell, T.P. Zeronian,S.H., Eds.; Ellis Horwood: Chichester, UK, Chapter 12; 
Ahmed, A.U., Rapson, W.H., (1972) J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem, 10, p. 1945; 
Canet, D., (1996) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Concepts and Methods, , Wiley: Chichester, UK; 
Vogel, J., Russel, C., Gunther, G., Hartmann, P., Vizethum, F., Bergner, N., (1996) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 7, p. 495; 
Wu, Y., Glimcher, M.J., Rey, C., Ackerman, J.L., (1994) J Mol Biol, 244, p. 423; 
Rothwell, W.P., Waugh, J.S., Yesinowski, J.P., (1980) J Am Chem Soc, 102, p. 2637; 
Yokogawa, Y., Paz Reyes, J., Mucalo, M.R., Toriyama, M., Kawamoto, Y., Suzuki, T., Nishizawa, K., Kamayama, T., (1997) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 8, p. 407
},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {3354 - 3365},
	abstract = {Cellulose regenerated by the viscose process was previously investigated as an implantable material in orthopedic surgery. It was envisaged to take advantage not only of its good matching with mechanical properties of bone but also of its hydroexpansivity, therefore allowing a satisfactory fixation to hard tissue. Both the osteoconduction and the lack of ostcoinduction of this material were demonstrated. Grafting of phosphate groups was then envisaged as the means to render cellulose more suitable for orthopedic applications by enhancing its bioactivity. In the present work, the previously optimized phosphorylation reaction was successfully adapted to the surface modification of regenerated cellulose. Modified materials were characterized by XPS, FTIR, and                        31P MAS NMR spectroscopic studies, and contact angle measurements, revealing the chemical bond between phosphate groups and cellulose, as well as the hydrophilic nature of phosphorylated materials, which increases with increasing phosphate contents. Water swelling and resistance to gamma sterilization were assessed as well, showing that phosphorylated materials swell considerably in water and were not affected when sterilization was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere. The increase in surface roughness attributed to chemical modification was demonstrated through laser rugosimetry measurements. {\textcopyright} 2001 John Wiley \&amp; Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
},
	keywords = {2O, 3PO, 4/hexanol method, 4/P, 5/Et, Biomaterials, Cellulose derivatives, Cellulose phosphates, Chemical bonds, Chemical modification, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, H, Hydrogels, Phosphorylation, Regenerated cellulose hydrogels, Sterilization (cleaning), Surface modification, Surface roughness, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
	isbn = {00218995 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035923980\&partnerID=40\&md5=5663bc99f91ce47534779e826f87ed97},
	author = {Granja, P.L. and Pouysgu, L. and Ptraud, M. and De Jso, B. and Baquey, C. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
@article {2539,
	title = {Mineralization of regenerated cellulose hydrogels},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science: Materials in MedicineJ. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 20Export Date: 21 November 2012Source: ScopusCODEN: JSMMEdoi: 10.1023/A:1013960601330Language of Original Document: EnglishCorrespondence Address: Granja, P.L.; INEB - Inst. de Engenharia Biomedica, Laborat{\'o}rio de Biomateriais, Portugal and Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823-4150-180 Porto, Portugal; email: pgranja@ibmc.up.ptTradenames: Cellspon, Hexabio, France; Regenerated cellulose hydrogel (CRV), Hexabio, FranceManufacturers: Cellomeda, Finland; Hexabio, FranceReferences: Abdel-Fattah, W.I., El-Sayed, A.M., Ali, F.M., Beheri, H.H., (1994) Biomaterials, 15, p. 643;Schwartz, Z., Braun, G., Kohavi, D., Brooks, B., Amir, D., Sela, J., Boyan, B., (1993) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, p. 1029; 
Royer, P., Amrah-Bouali, S., Freche, M., Rey, C., Rouquet, N., Bonel, G., (1992) Bioceramics, 5, p. 95. , edited by T. Yamamuro, T. Kokubo and T. Nakamura (Kobunshi-Kankokai, Kyoto, Japan); 
Krajewski, A., Ravaglioli, A., Mongiorgi, R., Moroni, A., (1988) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 22, p. 445; 
Hench, L.L., (1998) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 41, p. 511; 
Hayakawa, S., Tsuru, K., Iida, H., Ohtsuki, C., Osaka, A., (1996) J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 104, p. 1000; 
Kitsugi, T., Yamamuro, T., Nakamura, T., Kokubo, T., (1989) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23, p. 631; 
Li, P., Ye, X., Kangasniemi, I., De Blieck-Hogervorst, J.M.A., Klein, C.P.A.T., De Groot, K., (1995) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 29, p. 325; 
Li, P., Ohtsuki, T., Kokubo, T., Nakanishi, K., Soga, N., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., (1993) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 4, p. 127; 
Damen, J.J.M., Ten Cate, J.M., (1989) J. Dent. Res., 68, p. 1355; 
Leit{\~a}o, E., Barbosa, M.A., De Grout, K., (1995) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 6, p. 849; 
Li, P., Kangasniemi, I., De Grout, K., (1994) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 77, p. 1307; 
Lowenberg, B., Chernecky, R., Shiga, A., Davies, J.E., (1991) Cells \& Materials, 1, p. 177; 
Hanawa, T., Ota, M., (1991) Biomaterials, 12, p. 767; 
Damen, J.J.M., Ten Cate, J.M., Ellingsen, J.E., (1991) J. Dent. Res., 7, p. 1346; 
Radder, A.M., Van Loon, J.A., Puppels, G.J., Van Blitterswijk, C.A., (1995) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 6, p. 510; 
Gaillard, M.L., Van Blitterswijk, C.A., (1994) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 5, p. 695; 
Golomb, G., (1992) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 3, p. 272; 
Golomb, G., Wagner, D., (1991) Biomaterials, 12, p. 397; 
Verheyen, C.C.P.M., De Wijn, J.R., Van Blitterswijk, C.A., De Grout, K., Rozing, P.M., (1993) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, p. 433; 
Stupp, S.I., Ciegler, G.W., (1992) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 26, p. 169; 
Bonfield, W., (1988) Bioceramics: Materials Characteristics vs In Vivo Behavior, p. 173. , edited by P. Ducheyne and J. E. Lemons (Ann. New York Academy of Sciences., NY, USA); 
Suzuki, K., Kobayashi, R., Yokoyama, Y., Harada, Y., Kokubo, T., (1993) Bioceramics, 6, p. 245. , edited by P. Ducheyne and D. Christiansen (Butterworth-Heinemann, Guilford, UK); 
Tanahashi, M., Hata, K., Kokubo, T., Minoda, M., Miyamoto, T., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., (1992) Bioceramics, 5, p. 57. , edited by T. Yamamuro, T. Kokubo and T. Nakamura (Kobunshi-Kankokai, Kyoto, Japan); 
Kokubo, T., Hata, K., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., (1991) Bioceramics, 4, p. 113. , edited by W. Bonfield, G. W. Hastings and K. E. Turner (Butterworth-Heinemann, Guildford, UK); 
Oyane, A., Minoda, M., Miyamoto, T., Takahashi, R., Nakanishi, K., Kim, H.M., Kokubo, T., Nakamura, T., (1999) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 47, p. 367; 
Osaka, A., Ohtsuki, C., Tsuru, K., (1995) Bioceramics, 8, p. 441. , edited by J. Wilson, L. L. Hench and D. Greenspon (Pergamon Press, New York, USA); 
Li, S., Liu, Q., De Wijn, J., De Grout, K., Zhou, B., (1996) J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 15, p. 1882; 
Hossainy, S.F.A., Hubbell, J.A., (1994) Biomaterials, 15, p. 921; 
Granja, P.L., Barbosa, M.A., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}su, B., Baquey, C., (1999) Frontiers in Biomedical Polymers Applications 2, p. 195. , edited by R. Ottenbrite (Technomic Press, Lancaster, PA, USA); 
Granja, P.L., Pouys{\'e}gu, L., De J{\'e}su, B., Rouais, F., Baquey, C., Barbosa, M.A., (2001) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., , In press; 
Tanahashi, M., Matsuda, T., (1997) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 34, p. 305; 
Li, S., Liu, Q., De Wijn, J., Wolke, J., Zhou, B., De Grout, K., (1997) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 8, p. 543; 
Kato, E., Eika, Y., Ikada, Y., (1996) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 32, p. 687; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Toryiama, M., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, F., Nishizawa, N., (1995) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 6, p. 597; 
Mucalo, M.R., Yokogawa, Y., Suzuki, T., Kawamoto, Y., Nagata, K., Nishizawa, F., (1995) J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 6, p. 658; 
Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., (1994) Clin. Mater., 16, p. 119; 
Chauveaux, D., Barbi{\'e}, C., Barthe, X., Baquey, C., Poustis, J., (1990) Clin. Mater., 5, p. 251; 
Pommier, J.C., Poustis, J., Baquey, C., Chauveaux, D., (1986), Fr. Patent No. 8610331Eur. Patent No. 0256906 A1 (1987)US Patent No. 4904258 (1990)Martson, M., Viljanto, J., Hurme, T., Laippala, P., Saukko, P., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 1899; 
Pajulo, O., Lonnberg, B., Lonnqvist, K., Viljanto, J., (1993) Abstracts Books of the XXXVIII Congress of The European Society for Surgical Research ESSR, p. 156. , edited by H. Aro and J. Niinikovski (Turku, Finland); 
Kokubo, T., (1990) Handbook of Bioactive Ceramics: Bioactive Glasses and Glass-Ceramics, 1, p. 41. , edited by T. Yamamuro, L. L. Hench and J. Wilson (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA); 
Ribeiro, C.C., (1994), MSc Thesis. Porto, Portugal, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do PortoRhee, S.-H., Tanaka, J., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 2155; 
Miyaji, F., Kim, H.-M., Handa, S., Kokubo, T., Nakamura, T., (1999) Biomaterials, 20, p. 913; 
Radin, S.R., Ducheyne, P., (1993) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, p. 35; 
Sauer, G.R., Wuthier, R.E., (1988) J. Biol. Chem., 263, p. 13718; 
Elliot, J.C., (1994) "Structure and Chemistry of the Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates", Studies in Inorganic Chemistry Series 18, , Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 
Hanawa, T., Ota, M., (1991) Biomaterials, 12, p. 767; 
Rey, C., Shimizu, M., Collins, B., Glimcher, M.J., (1990) Calcif. Tissue Int., 46, p. 384; 
Legeros, R.Z., (1993) Clin. Mater., 14, p. 65; 
Heughebaert, M., Legeros, R.Z., Gineste, M., Guilhem, A., Bonel, G., (1988) J. Biomed. Mater. Res.: Appl. Biomaterials, 22, p. 257; 
Kieswetter, K., Bauer, T.W., Brown, S.A., Van Lente, F., Merritt, K., (1994) Biomaterials, 15, p. 183; 
Rey, C., (1995) Actual. Chimique, p. 41; 
Nancollas, G.H., (1989) Biomineralization. Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives, p. 157. , edited by S. Mann, J. Webb and R. J. P. Williams (VCH, Weinheim, Germany); 
Bohic, S., Heymann, D., Pouezat, J.A., Gauthier, O., Daculsi, G., (1998) Sciences de la vie, 321, p. 865; 
Rey, C., Strawich, E., Glimcher, M.J., (1994) Bulletin de l{\textquoteright}Institut Oc{\'e}anographique, Monaco, 14, p. 55; 
Dasarathy, H., Riley, C., Coble, H.D., (1993) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27, p. 477; 
Yamashita, K., Horisaka, Y., Satomura, K., Takagi, T., (1991) Jpn. J. Oral Biol., 33, p. 166; 
Bonel, G., Heughebaert, J.-C., Heughebaert, M., Lacout, J.L., Lebugle, A., (1988) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 523, p. 115
},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {785 - 791},
	abstract = {Due to their high water swelling, regenerated cellulose hydrogels and sponges were pre-incubated in a Ca-containing solution, and their mineralization was investigated. Results obtained demonstrate that a simple pre-incubation treatment in a Ca containing solution can induce mineralization in materials with limited or no tendency to mineralize. The minerals formed had an apatitic carbonated and poorly crystalline structure, resembling carbonated hydroxyapatite found in bone mineral. The apatitic layer formed showed a relatively accelerated growth using this technique, exhibiting nodules in their macroscopic structure, which seem to indicate lateral growth. The porous structure of regenerated cellulose sponges was also homogeneously mineralized using this technique. {\textcopyright} 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers.},
	keywords = {Apatite, article, Bone, bone mineral, Calcification (biochemistry), Calcium, Carbon, Cellulose, crystal, hydrogel, Hydrogels, hydroxyapatite, Incubation, infrared spectroscopy, mineralization, porosity, priority journal, Scanning electron microscopy, surface property, Swelling, Water},
	isbn = {09574530 (ISSN)},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034771780\&partnerID=40\&md5=58fcd227f17f7da6e5e0af69c7351f0a},
	author = {Granja, P.L. and Ribeiro, C.C. and De J{\'e}so, B. and Baquey, C. and Barbosa, M.A.}
}
