| Title | Crystallization and microstructure analysis of calcium phosphate-based glass ceramics for biomedical applications |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| 2000 |
| Authors | Zhang, Y, Santos, JD |
| Journal | Journal of Non-Crystalline SolidsJ Non Cryst Solids |
| Volume | 272 |
| Issue | 1Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Pagination | 14 - 21 |
| Date Published | 2000/// |
| 00223093 (ISSN) |
| Additives, Biomaterials, Calcium Compounds, calcium phosphate, Ceramic materials, Crystal microstructure, Crystallization, Differential thermal analysis, glass, Glass ceramics, Nucleation, Phosphates, Porous materials, Precipitation (chemical), Sodium dioxide, X ray crystallography |
| Calcium phosphate glasses and glass ceramics (CaO/P 2O
5 = 1.25 in molar ratio) modified by small amounts of additives such as Na
2O, MgO, TiO
2 and ZrO
2 were prepared after appropriate heat treatment for nucleation and crystallization. Based upon differential thermal analysis (DTA) results, a two-step heat treatment was used for crystal nucleation and growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that bioresorbable β-Ca
2P
2O
7 (β-DCP), β-Na
2CaP
2O
7, Na
2Mg(PO
3)
4 phases were formed in the glass matrix depending upon the relative contents of the additives. By adding higher contents of Na
2O and TiO
2 and using CaO/P
2O
5 = 1.5-2.0, crystallization of β-DCP and Ca
3(PO
4)
2 (β-TCP), and the formation of a dense structure in the glass ceramics were obtained. The precipitation of these crystals could be well distinguished at a magnification of 4000× and phases were dispersed in areas of micron size. A porous structure may be easily formed after the soluble phases are dissolved in physiological media. These glass ceramics with high CaO/P
2O
5 ratio, modified by the above mentioned additives are expected to find use as implants for bone replacement/regeneration and drug delivery carriers synergistically, because the soluble phases may act as drug delivery carriers and the porous structure will allow for bone ingrowth.
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